1. Introduction: You’re Part of a Big System

Take a bite of an apple. You’re taking in carbohydrates that plants created through photosynthesis. Now exhale. You’re breathing out carbon dioxide that plants will take in order to carry out photosynthesis.

Carbon moves from the air, into plants, and into you as part of the carbon cycle. This cycle is a key feature of any ecosystem. An ecosystem consists of the living community of organisms in an area, plus the nonliving parts of the environment (the air, the soil, the water, and so on).

**An ecosystem consists of both *biotic* (living) and *abiotic* (non-living) components. Source: Klamath Falls Fish and Wildlife Service.**

Wherever you live, you’re part of an ecosystem. That ecosystem involves the food you eat, the air you breathe, the water you drink, and the other species you interact with (particularly the ones you eat).

The diagram on your right shows a lakeside ecosystem. One way to begin to understand this ecosystem is classify its parts into two categories: living parts and non-living parts. Biologists use two terms to refer to these parts.

Living parts are biotic.
Non-living parts are abiotic.

Study the diagram for a moment, and then classify the following parts of this ecosystem as either biotic or abiotic.

[qwiz qrecord_id=”sciencemusicvideosMeister1961-biotic-vs_abiotic (HS)”]

[h]Interactive Table: Biotic v. Abiotic Ecosystem Components

[q labels = “top”]

Ecosystem Component	Biotic or Abiotic?
Gases in the air (nitrogen, oxygen, etc)	____________
Birds	____________
Decomposers (bacteria and fungi)	____________
Energy from the sun	____________
Fish	____________
Grasses	____________
Water lillies	____________
Sand on the lake bottom	____________
Trees	____________
Water	____________
Rocks	____________

[l]abiotic

[fx] No. Please try again.

[f*] Good!

[l]biotic

[fx] No. Please try again.

[f*] Great!

[/qwiz]

This tutorial, and the ones that follow, will help you understand how ecosystems work. In this tutorial, we’ll focus on movement of carbon from an abiotic form in the air, to biotic and abiotic forms on land and in water, and then back to the air. This cycle is called the carbon cycle, and it’s an example of a biogeochemical cycle. A biogeochemical cycle is the pathway through which a chemical substance cycles through one or more of the Earth’s ecosystems.

Let’s take the word “biogeochemical” apart:

The prefix “bio” relates to life.
“Geo” relates to the Earth.
“Chemical” refers to the elements or compounds that we’re concerned with.

Before we look at the carbon cycle, let’s use the flashcards below to master the vocabulary introduced above.

2. Flashcards: Ecosystems; Biotic and Abiotic Factors; and Biogeochemical Cycles

[qdeck qrecord_id=”sciencemusicvideosMeister1961-Ecosystems, Biotic, Abiotic, Biogeochemical Flashcards”]

[h]Flashcards: Ecosystems, Biotic and Abiotic Factors, and Biogeochemical Cycles

[i]If you invest the time, you can learn these terms and concepts.

[q]What’s an ecosystem?

[a]An ecosystem is the living community of organisms in an area, plus the nonliving parts of the environment.

[q]What are biotic factors? Give examples.

[a]Biotic factors are the living parts of an ecosystem. Examples include the animals, plants fungi, and bacteria found in an area, plus recently dead objects (a fallen tree, decomposing leaves, etc.)

[q]What are abiotic factors? Give examples.

[a]Abiotic factors are the nonliving parts of an ecosystem. Examples include the gases in the air, water, and energy.

[q]Define biogeochemical cycle

[a]A biogeochemical cycle is the pathway through which a chemical substance cycles through the biotic and abiotic parts of Earth’s ecosystems.

[q]What’s the carbon cycle?

[a]The carbon cycle is the movement of carbon from an abiotic, gaseous form in the air, to living and non-living matter on land and in water, and then back to the air.

[x][restart]

[/qdeck]

3. Biogeochemical Cycle Basics, and an Introduction to the Carbon Cycle

During photosynthesis (A) plants perform *carbon fixation*, transforming carbon dioxide gas into solid matter.

All biogeochemical cycles have a two features in common: reservoirs and flows.

Reservoirs are places where the substance that you’re studying can be found. In the carbon cycle diagram to your right, the reservoirs are numbered.
Flows are the various ways that the substance moves from one reservoir to another. In the diagram to your right, the arrows indicate the direction of each flow as a substance moves from one reservoir to the next.

One reservoir of carbon in the carbon cycle is the atmosphere. In the atmosphere, carbon is found in the form of carbon dioxide gas (CO₂). The atmospheric reservoir of carbon dioxide is represented by number 1.

One of the flows in the carbon cycle is photosynthesis, represented by arrow “A.” During photosynthesis, carbon dioxide gets pulled into the leaves of plants. In the leaves, the carbon dioxide is combined with water, and transformed into carbohydrates (and other compounds, like proteins, fats, and nucleic acids). These compounds make up the solid matter in the plant (the stem, the leaves, etc.). That solid plant matter is a carbon reservoir, and it’s labeled as number 2.

Pulling carbon dioxide gas out of the air and making it into solid carbohydrate is called carbon fixation. It’s the basis of almost every ecosystem on Earth. Every carbon atom in your body was once in the air as carbon dioxide. Then it was fixed into solid form as photosynthesis pulled it into a plant (which is why the process is called carbon fixation). Now that carbon is in you. That’s all a part of the carbon cycle.

Plants are known as producers because they’re the organisms that produce organic matter (carbohydrates, proteins, fats and nucleic acids). These compounds also provide the chemical energy that fuels both plants and animals.

After plants perform carbon fixation, a few things can happen. One possibility is that plants use this chemical energy for their own purposes. Plants, in other words, will perform cellular respiration. As they do, they’ll convert carbohydrate back into carbon dioxide and water. This will release carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere. That flow — cellular respiration by plants — is represented by arrow “B” above.

Another thing that can happen is that animals can consume the organic compounds made by plants. That’s why animals are ecological consumers. The flow of carbon from plants to animals is called consumption, and it’s represented by arrow “C.” The carbon in the bodies of animals, represented by “3,” is another carbon reservoir.

Animals do two things with the plant matter they consume. First, they use it to build their own bodies. Second, they use the chemical energy in plant matter to power cellular respiration, giving animals the energy required to live and reproduce. Cellular respiration by animals is another flow, and it’s represented by letter “D” above. Animal cellular respiration returns carbon dioxide back to the atmosphere.

4. Biogeochemical Cycles/Carbon Cycle Flashcards and Quiz

Before going further, let’s practice the terms above.

[qdeck qrecord_id=”sciencemusicvideosMeister1961-Biogeochemical/Carbon Cycle Flashcards (HS)”]

[h]Flashcards: Biogeochemical Cycles and Carbon Cycle Flashcards

[i]Remember: the goal with flashcards is to move toward fluency and mastery. You don’t need to know the answer the first time you see the card. Just use this as an opportunity to learn, and work until your understanding is solid.

[q]In the diagram below, what do the numbers represent, and what do the arrows represent?

[a]The numbers represent reservoirs; the arrows represent flows.

[q]In the diagram below, identify numbers 1, 2, 3, and arrows A, B, C, and D.

[a]1 – atmosphere; 2- plants; 3- animals; A- photosynthesis; B – cellular respiration by plants; C – consumption of plants by animals; D- cellular respiration by animals.

[q]In terms of biogeochemical cycles, what’s a reservoir?

[a]A reservoir is a place where a substance moving through a biogeochemical reservoir is stored.

[q]In terms of biogeochemical cycles, what’s a flow?

[a]A flow is a pathway through which a substance can move from one reservoir in a biogeochemical cycle to another.

[q]Carbon in the atmosphere is in the form of

[a]Carbon in the atmosphere is in the form of carbon dioxide gas, or CO₂.

[q]What is carbon fixation? When does it happen?

[a]Carbon fixation is the process by which carbon dioxide gas is pulled out of the air, and made into solid organic compounds like carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and nucleic acids. Carbon fixation happens during photosynthesis.

[q]What is an ecological producer?

[a]A producer is an organism that makes its own food by producing organic matter (such as carbohydrates) through photosynthesis.

[q]What is an ecological consumer?

[a]A consumer is an organism that eats its food.

[/qdeck]

Now complete the interactive diagram below.

[qwiz qrecord_id=”sciencemusicvideosMeister1961-Carbon Cycle Interactive Diagram and Quiz 1 (HS)”]

[h]Carbon Cycle Interactive Diagram and Quiz # 1

[q labels = “top”]

[l]atmosphere

[f*] Good!

[fx] No. Please try again.

[l]consumers

[f*] Excellent!

[fx] No. Please try again.

[l]photosynthesis

[f*] Excellent!

[fx] No. Please try again.

[l]producers

[f*] Excellent!

[fx] No, that’s not correct. Please try again.

[l]respiration

[f*] Excellent!

[fx] No, that’s not correct. Please try again.

[l]consumption

[f*] Correct!

[fx] No. Please try again.

[q] In the diagram below, what letter or number represents carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?

[textentry single_char=”true”]

[c]ID E=[Qq]

[f]IEF3ZXNvbWUuIENhcmJvbiBkaW94aWRlIGluIHRoZSBhaXIgaXMgcmVwcmVzZW50ZWQgYnkgMS4=[Qq]

[c]ICo=[Qq]

[f]Tm8uIEhlcmUmIzgyMTc7cyBhIGhpbnQuIENP_Mg==IGluIHRoZSBhaXIgaXMgYSBnYXMuIEdhc2VzIGFyZSBpbiB0aGUgYXRtb3NwaGVyZS4gVGhlIHNreSBpcyBibHVlLg==[Qq]

[q] In the diagram below, what letter or number represents photosynthesis?

[textentry single_char=”true”]

[c]IE E=[Qq]

[f]IEV4Y2VsbGVudC4gTGV0dGVyICYjODIyMDtBJiM4MjIxOyByZXByZXNlbnRzIHBob3Rvc3ludGhlc2lzLg==[Qq]

[c]ICo=[Qq]

[f]Tm8uIEhlcmUmIzgyMTc7cyBhIGhpbnQuIFBob3Rvc3ludGhlc2lzIHB1dHMgY2FyYm9uIGludG8gcGxhbnRzLiBTbyBmaW5kIGFuIGFycm93IHRoYXQgZ29lcyA=aW50bw==IHBsYW50cy4=[Qq]

[q] In the diagram below, what letter or number represents consumption of plants by animals?

[textentry single_char=”true”]

[c]IE M=[Qq]

[f]IEV4YWN0bHkuIExldHRlciAmIzgyMjA7QyYjODIyMTsgcmVwcmVzZW50cyBjb25zdW1wdGlvbi4=[Qq]

[c]ICo=[Qq]

[f]Tm8uIEhlcmUmIzgyMTc7cyBhIGhpbnQuIEZpbmQgYW4gYXJyb3cgdGhhdCBpbmRpY2F0ZXMgdGhhdCBjYXJib24gaXMgbW92aW5nIGZyb20gcGxhbnRzIHRvIGFuaW1hbHMu[Qq]

[q] In the diagram below, what letter or number represents cellular respiration by animals?

[textentry single_char=”true”]

[c]IE Q=[Qq]

[f]IEV4Y2VsbGVudC4gTGV0dGVyICYjODIyMDtEJiM4MjIxOyByZXByZXNlbnRzIGNlbGx1bGFyIHJlc3BpcmF0aW9uIGJ5IGFuaW1hbHMuIC4=[Qq]

[c]ICo=[Qq]

[f]Tm8uIEhlcmUmIzgyMTc7cyBhIGhpbnQuIENlbGx1bGFyIHJlc3BpcmF0aW9uIGJ5IGFuaW1hbHMgdGFrZXMgY2FyYm9uIHRoYXQgd2FzIGluIGFuaW1hbHMsIGFuZCByZXR1cm5zIGl0IHRvIHRoZSBhdG1vc3BoZXJlIGFzIGNhcmJvbiBkaW94aWRlLg==[Qq]

[q] In the diagram below, what letter or number represents cellular respiration by plants?

[textentry single_char=”true”]

[c]IE I=[Qq]

[f]IEV4Y2VsbGVudC4gTGV0dGVyICYjODIyMDtCJiM4MjIxOyByZXByZXNlbnRzIGNlbGx1bGFyIHJlc3BpcmF0aW9uIGJ5IHBsYW50cy4=[Qq]

[c]ICo=[Qq]

[f]Tm8uIEhlcmUmIzgyMTc7cyBhIGhpbnQuIENlbGx1bGFyIHJlc3BpcmF0aW9uIGJ5IHBsYW50cyB0YWtlcyBjYXJib24gdGhhdCB3YXMgaW4gcGxhbnRzLCBhbmQgcmV0dXJucyBpdCB0byB0aGUgYXRtb3NwaGVyZSBhcyBjYXJib24gZGlveGlkZS4=[Qq]

[q] What number or letter represents producers?

[textentry single_char=”true”]

[c]ID I=[Qq]

[f]IEV4Y2VsbGVudC4gTnVtYmVyICYjODIyMDsyJiM4MjIxOyByZXByZXNlbnRzIHByb2R1Y2Vycy4=[Qq]

[c]ICo=[Qq]

[f]Tm8uIEhlcmUmIzgyMTc7cyBhIGhpbnQuIFByb2R1Y2VycyBwZXJmb3JtIHBob3Rvc3ludGhlc2lzLg==[Qq]

[q] In the diagram below, what letter or number represents carbon fixation?

[textentry single_char=”true”]

[c]IE E=[Qq]

[f]IEV4Y2VsbGVudC4gTGV0dGVyICYjODIyMDtBJiM4MjIxOyByZXByZXNlbnRzIGNhcmJvbiBmaXhhdGlvbiBieSBwbGFudHMu[Qq]

[c]ICo=[Qq]

[f]Tm8uIEhlcmUmIzgyMTc7cyBhIGhpbnQuIENhcmJvbiBmaXhhdGlvbiBpcyB3aGF0IGhhcHBlbnMgZHVyaW5nIHBob3Rvc3ludGhlc2lzLg==[Qq]

[/qwiz]

5. Death and decomposition are also part of the carbon cycle

When plants and animals die, their bodies will be broken down by fungi and bacteria that act as decomposers. Decomposers break dead matter down into simple substances that can be taken up by other organisms. Decomposition involves cellular respiration. As a result, the carbon in the bodies of dead plants and animals gets returned to the atmosphere as carbon dioxide.

Add these factors into the carbon cycle diagram below.

[qwiz qrecord_id=”sciencemusicvideosMeister1961-Carbon Cycle Interactive Diagrams 2 (HS)”]

[h] Carbon Cycle Interactive Diagram: 2

[q labels = “top”]

[l]atmosphere

[f*] Good!

[fx] No. Please try again.

[l]consumers

[f*] Excellent!

[fx] No. Please try again.

[l]photosynthesis

[f*] Excellent!

[fx] No. Please try again.

[l]producers

[f*] Excellent!

[fx] No, that’s not correct. Please try again.

[l]respiration

[f*] Excellent!

[fx] No, that’s not correct. Please try again.

[l]consumption

[f*] Correct!

[fx] No. Please try again.

[l]decomposers

[f*] Good!

[fx] No. Please try again.

[l]death

[f*] Good!

[fx] No, that’s not correct. Please try again.

[q]Type in the labels for consumers, decomposers, producers, photosynthesis, and respiration.

[hangman]

[c]IGRlY29tcG9zZXJz[Qq]

[c]IGNvbnN1bWVycw==[Qq]

[c]IHByb2R1Y2Vycw==[Qq]

[c]IHBob3Rvc3ludGhlc2lz[Qq]

[c]IHJlc3BpcmF0aW9u[Qq]

[/qwiz]

6. Fossil fuel formation, extraction, and combustion add more complexity to the carbon cycle

**Fossil fuel formation.** © Steve Greb, Kentucky Geological Survey.

During the Earth’s long history, there have been a few periods when forests on land and algae in the sea grew at such a rate that decomposition couldn’t keep up with the buildup of dead organic matter on the floor of forests or the sandy bottoms of oceans.

You can see what happens in the diagram on the right. During these periods, all of that carbon accumulated into vast layers. The heat and pressure generated by the weight of these layers transformed the accumulated wood and leaves on land into coal. In the oceans, a similar process caused the accumulated layers of dead algae to become petroleum, the liquid that gets transformed into gasoline, jet fuel, diesel, etc. On both land and sea, natural gas also formed.

Because of how these substances form, coal, petroleum, and natural gas are called fossil fuels. They’re full of chemical energy: essentially, trapped sunlight from millions of years ago. This energy can be released when these substances are burned, a process called combustion.

Coal-fuel power plants are used to generate electricity. They emit significant amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.

Starting in the 1800s, with the Industrial Revolution, people started to extract these fuels from underground. Today, fossil fuels are humanity’s biggest energy source. Their extraction and processing are billion dollar industries. Combustion of fossil fuels is how we light our homes, cook our food, make our products, and move ourselves from one place to another. And combustion is now one of the biggest sources of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

As a chemical equation, combustion looks almost identical to respiration. In a car, for example, this combustion reaction occurs.

gasoline + oxygen → energy (heat) + carbon dioxide + water

This human-caused release of carbon is causing the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to rise. Because carbon dioxide traps heat in the atmosphere, this increase in planetary carbon dioxide levels is altering the Earth’s climate. We’ll address this issue in a later tutorial.

Add the formation, extraction/processing, and combustion of fossil fuels to the carbon cycle diagram below, and answer the questions that follow.

[qwiz qrecord_id=”sciencemusicvideosMeister1961-Carbon Cycle Interactive Diagram and Quiz 3 (HS)”]

[h]Carbon Cycle Interactive Diagram and Quiz 3

[q labels = “top”]

[l]atmosphere

[fx] No. Please try again.

[f*] Good!

[l]consumers

[fx] No. Please try again.

[f*] Excellent!

[l]photosynthesis

[fx] No. Please try again.

[f*] Excellent!

[l]producers

[fx] No, that’s not correct. Please try again.

[f*] Excellent!

[l]respiration

[fx] No, that’s not correct. Please try again.

[f*] Excellent!

[l]consumption

[fx] No. Please try again.

[f*] Correct!

[l]decomposers

[fx] No. Please try again.

[f*] Good!

[l]death

[fx] No, that’s not correct. Please try again.

[f*] Good!

[l]combustion

[fx] No, that’s not correct. Please try again.

[f*] Good!

[l]extraction/processing

[fx] No. Please try again.

[f*] Correct!

[l]fossil fuel formation

[fx] No. Please try again.

[f*] Good!

[l]fossil fuels (coal, oil natural gas)

[fx] No. Please try again.

[f*] Correct!

[l]factories/machines

[fx] No. Please try again.

[f*] Good!

[q] In the diagram below, what letter or number represents carbon fixation?

[textentry single_char=”true”]

[c]IE E=[Qq]

[f]IEV4Y2VsbGVudC4gTGV0dGVyICYjODIyMDtBJiM4MjIxOyByZXByZXNlbnRzIGNhcmJvbiBmaXhhdGlvbiBieSBwbGFudHMu[Qq]

[c]ICo=[Qq]

[f]Tm8uIEhlcmUmIzgyMTc7cyBhIGhpbnQuIENhcmJvbiBmaXhhdGlvbiBpcyB3aGF0IGhhcHBlbnMgZHVyaW5nIHBob3Rvc3ludGhlc2lzLg==[Qq]

[q] In the diagram below, what letter or number represents burning of fossil fuels?

[textentry single_char=”true”]

[c]IE o=[Qq]

[f]IEZhbnRhc3RpYy4gTGV0dGVyICYjODIyMDtKJiM4MjIxOyByZXByZXNlbnRzIGNvbWJ1c3Rpb24sIHdoaWNoIGlzIHdoYXQgd2UgZG8gdG8gZm9zc2lsIGZ1ZWxzLg==[Qq]

[c]ICo=[Qq]

[f]Tm8uIEhlcmUmIzgyMTc7cyBhIGhpbnQuIFlvdSYjODIxNztyZSBsb29raW5nIGZvciBjb21idXN0aW9uLCB3aGljaCBpcyB3aGF0IHdlIGRvIHRvIGZvc3NpbCBmdWVscy4gRmluZCB0aGUgb2lsIHJpZywgYW5kIGdvIHVwIGZyb20gdGhlcmUu[Qq]

[q] In the diagram below, what letter or number represents extraction of fossil fuels?

[textentry single_char=”true”]

[c]IE k=[Qq]

[f]IEZhbnRhc3RpYy4gTGV0dGVyICYjODIyMDtJJiM4MjIxOyByZXByZXNlbnRzIGV4dHJhY3Rpb24gb2YgZm9zc2lsIGZ1ZWxz[Qq]

[c]ICo=[Qq]

[f]Tm8uIEhlcmUmIzgyMTc7cyBhIGhpbnQuICYjODIyMDtIJiM4MjIxOyByZXByZXNlbnRzIGZvc3NpbCBmdWVsIGZvcm1hdGlvbi4gV2hhdCBsZXR0ZXIgY291bGQgcmVwcmVzZW50IGZvc3NpbCBmdWVsIGV4dHJhY3Rpb24gKHByb2Nlc3NlcyBsaWtlIG1pbmluZyBvciBkcmlsbGluZyku[Qq]

[q] In the diagram below, what letter or number represents decomposers?

[textentry single_char=”true”]

[c]ID Q=[Qq]

[f]IEdvb2Qgd29yay4gTnVtYmVyICYjODIyMDs0JiM4MjIxOyByZXByZXNlbnRzIGRlY29tcG9zZXJzLg==[Qq]

[c]ICo=[Qq]

[f]Tm8uIEhlcmUmIzgyMTc7cyBhIGhpbnQuIERlY29tcG9zZXJzIGluY2x1ZGUgYmFjdGVyaWEgYW5kIGZ1bmdpIChzdWNoIGFzIG11c2hyb29tcyku[Qq]

[/qwiz]

7. The Carbon Cycle also includes Forest Fires and Volcanic Eruptions

Source: https://www.whoi.edu/oceanus/feature/carbon-cycle/

There’s even more to the carbon cycle. For example, forest fires aren’t included in the diagrams above. But they’re another type of combustion that puts carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.

You can see some other parts of the carbon cycle in the diagram to your right. The biggest carbon reservoir (by far) is carbon dissolved in the oceans. Some of that carbon will, over millions of years, become petroleum. But even more carbon will be trapped in rocks. That carbon will become a part of a slow moving geological cycle. After hundreds of millions of years, that carbon might be released back into the air in a volcanic eruption. These eruptions can release so much carbon dioxide into the air that they can alter the atmosphere and change the climate. That’s something that has happened at least two or three times during the Earth’s history.

8 Carbon Cycle Music Video and Interactive Lyrics

I’ve taken most of what you’ve learned about above, and put it into musical form in my Carbon Cycle song. If you’re listening to this in a classroom, please listen with headphones so you don’t disturb the students next to you.

[qwiz use_dataset=”SMV_Carbon Cycle Interactive Lyrics” dataset_intro=”false” qrecord_id=”sciencemusicvideosMeister1961-Carbon Cycle Interactive Lyrics (HS)”]

[h]Carbon Cycle: Interactive Lyrics

[i]

[/qwiz]

9. Carbon Cycle: Cumulative quiz

When you’re confident that you understand the material above, take the quiz below.

[qwiz random = “true” qrecord_id=”sciencemusicvideosMeister1961-Carbon Cycle Cumulative Quiz (HS)”]

[h]Quiz: Carbon Cycle, Cumulative Quiz

[i]

[q]The living organisms that make up an area, plus the non-living things (air, soil, water, etc.) that support them, make up a(n)

[c]IHBvcHVsYXRpb24=[Qq]

[c]IGNvbW11bml0eQ==[Qq]

[c]IGhhYml0YXQ=[Qq]

[c]IGVjb3N5 c3RlbQ==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBBIHBvcHVsYXRpb24gaXMgYWxsIG9mIHRoZSBpbmRpdmlkdWFscyBvZiBvbmUgc3BlY2llcyBpbiBvbmUgYXJlYS4gQXMgYSBoaW50LCB0aGluayBhYm91dCB0aGUgZmFjdCB0aGF0IHRoYXQgdGhpcyBxdWVzdGlvbiByZWZlcnMgdG8gYSBzeXN0ZW0gb2YgaW50ZXJjb25uZWN0ZWQgb3JnYW5pc21zLCBhbmQgdGhlIG5vbi1saXZpbmcgdGhpbmdzIGluIHRoZWlyIGVudmlyb25tZW50Lg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLCBidXQgeW914oCZcmUgY2xvc2UuIEEgY29tbXVuaXR5IGlzIGFsbCBvZiB0aGUgaW50ZXJjb25uZWN0ZWQgcG9wdWxhdGlvbnMgaW4gb25lIGFyZWEuIFRoaW5rIG9mIGEgbGV2ZWwgb2YgYmlvbG9naWNhbCBvcmdhbml6YXRpb24gdGhhdCBjb25zaXN0cyBvZiB0aGlzIGNvbW11bml0eSwgcGx1cyB0aGUgbm9uLWxpdmluZyB0aGluZ3MgaW4gdGhlIGNvbW11bml0eeKAmXMgZW52aXJvbm1lbnQu[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBBIGhhYml0YXQgaXMgdGhlIGhvbWUgb3IgbmF0dXJhbCBlbnZpcm9ubWVudCBvZiBhbiBvcmdhbmlzbSAob3IgYSBzcGVjaWVzKS4gVGhpcyBxdWVzdGlvbiByZWZlcnMgdG8gYSB3aWRlciBhbmQgbW9yZSBkeW5hbWljIGNvbmNlcHQuIEFzIGEgaGludCwgdGhpbmsgYWJvdXQgdGhlIGZhY3QgdGhhdCB0aGF0IHRoaXMgcXVlc3Rpb24gcmVmZXJzIHRvIGEgc3lzdGVtIG9mIGludGVyY29ubmVjdGVkIG9yZ2FuaXNtcywgYW5kIHRoZSBub24tbGl2aW5nIHRoaW5ncyBpbiB0aGVpciBlbnZpcm9ubWVudC4=[Qq]

[f]IFllcy4gQW4gZWNvc3lzdGVtIGNvbnNpc3RzIG9mIGFsbCBvZiB0aGUgbGl2aW5nIG9yZ2FuaXNtcyBpbiBhbiBhcmVhLCBwbHVzIHRoZSBub24tbGl2aW5nIHBhcnRzIG9mIHRoZWlyIGVudmlyb25tZW50Lg==[Qq]

[q]In an ecosystem, an example of an abiotic factor would be

[c]IGJhY3Rlcmlh[Qq]

[c]IGxhcmdlIG1hbW1hbHM=[Qq]

[c]IG1pbmVyYWxzIG luIHRoZSBzb2ls[Qq]

[c]IHRyZWUgdHJ1bmtz[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiDigJhBYmlvdGlj4oCZIG1lYW5zIOKAmG5vbi1saXZpbmcu4oCZIEluIGFuIGVjb2xvZ2ljYWwgc2Vuc2UsIGl0IG1lYW5zIGEgcGFydCBvZiBhbiBlY29zeXN0ZW0gdGhhdCBpcyBub3QgYSBsaXZpbmcgb3JnYW5pc20gKG9yIHRoZSByZW1haW5zIG9mIGFuIG9yZ2FuaXNtKS4gV2hhdCBjaG9pY2UgaXMgY2xlYXJseSBub24tbGl2aW5nPw==[Qq]

[f]IFllcy4gVGhlIG1pbmVyYWxzIGluIHRoZSBzb2lsIGFyZSBhbiBhYmlvdGljLCBvciBub24tbGl2aW5nLCBwYXJ0IG9mIGFuIGVjb3N5c3RlbS4=[Qq]

[q]In an ecosystem, an example of a biotic factor would be

[c]IHRoZSBuaXRyb2dlbiBnYXMgaW4gdGhlIGFpcg==[Qq]

[c]IHN1bmxpZ2h0[Qq]

[c]IHdhdGVyIGluIHRoZSBzb2ls[Qq]

[c]IGFudCBjb2 xvbmllcw==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiDigJhCaW90aWPigJkgbWVhbnMgbGl2aW5nLCBhbmQgaXQgcmVmZXJzIHRvIGxpdmluZyBvcmdhbmlzbXMsIG9yIHRoZWlyIGRlYWQgcmVtYWlucy4gV2hpY2ggb2YgdGhlc2UgY2hvaWNlcyB3b3VsZCBiZSBiaW90aWM/[Qq]

[f]IFllcy4gQW50IGNvbG9uaWVzIHdvdWxkIGJlIGEg4oCYYmlvdGljIGZhY3RvcuKAmSBpbiBhbiBlY29zeXN0ZW0uIOKAmEJpb3RpY+KAmSBtZWFucyBsaXZpbmcsIGFuZCBpdCByZWZlcnMgdG8gbGl2aW5nIG9yZ2FuaXNtcywgb3IgdGhlaXIgZGVhZCByZW1haW5zLg==[Qq]

[q]Carbon fixation changes

[c]IHdhdGVyIGludG8gaWNl[Qq]

[c]IHdvb2QgaW50byBzbW9rZSBhbmQgYXNo[Qq]

[c]IGNhcmJvbiBkaW94aWRlIGludG8gc3VnYX JzIGFuZCBvdGhlciBjYXJib2h5ZHJhdGVz[Qq]

[c]IHN1Z2FycyBhbmQgb3RoZXIgY2FyYm9oeWRyYXRlcyBpbnRvIGNhcmJvbiBkaW94aWRlIGFuZCB3YXRlci4=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBDYXJib24gZml4YXRpb24gY2hhbmdlcyBjYXJib24gdGhhdOKAmXMgaW4gYSBnYXNlb3VzIGZvcm0gaW50byBjYXJib24gdGhhdOKAmXMgaW4gYSBzb2xpZCBmb3JtLiBJbiB3aGljaCBjaG9pY2UgZG9lcyBjYXJib24gc3RhcnQgb3V0IGFzIGEgZ2FzIGFuZCBlbmQgYXMgYSBzb2xpZD8=[Qq]

[f]IFllcy4gQ2FyYm9uIGZpeGF0aW9uIGNoYW5nZXMgY2FyYm9uIHRoYXTigJlzIGluIGEgZ2FzZW91cyAoY2FyYm9uIGRpb3hpZGUpIGZvcm0gaW50byBjYXJib24gdGhhdOKAmXMgaW4gYSBzb2xpZCBmb3JtIChhIGNhcmJvaHlkcmF0ZSwgdHlwaWNhbGx5IHRoZSBzaW1wbGUgc3VnYXIgY2FsbGVkIGdsdWNvc2UpLg==[Qq]

[q ]Of the processes below, the one that’s most related to carbon fixation is

[c]IHBob3Rvc3 ludGhlc2lz[Qq]

[c]IGNlbGx1bGFyIHJlc3BpcmF0aW9u[Qq]

[c]IHNvaWwgZXJvc2lvbg==[Qq]

[f]IFllcy4gUGhvdG9zeW50aGVzaXMgdGFrZXMgY2FyYm9uIGRpb3hpZGUsIGEgZ2FzLCBhbmQgY29tYmluZXMgaXQgd2l0aCB3YXRlciB0byBjcmVhdGUgc29saWQgY2FyYm9oeWRyYXRlcy4gVGhhdOKAmXMgd2hhdCBjYXJib24gZml4YXRpb24gaXM6IOKAmGZpeGluZ+KAmSBnYXNlb3VzIGNhcmJvbiBkaW94aWRlIGludG8gYSBzb2xpZCBmb3JtLg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBDZWxsdWxhciByZXNwaXJhdGlvbiB0YWtlcyBzb2xpZCBjYXJib2h5ZHJhdGVzIGFuZCByZXNwaXJlcyB0aGVtIHRvIGNyZWF0ZSBnYXNlb3VzIGNhcmJvbiBkaW94aWRlIChhbmQgd2F0ZXIpLiBDYXJib24gZml4YXRpb24gdGFrZXMgZ2FzZW91cyBjYXJib24gZGlveGlkZSwgYW5kIG1ha2VzIGl0IGludG8gc29saWQgc3VnYXJzLiBXaGljaCBvZiB0aGVzZSBwcm9jZXNzZXMgZG9lcyB0aGF0Pw==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBDYXJib24gZml4YXRpb24gdGFrZXMgZ2FzZW91cyBjYXJib24gZGlveGlkZSwgYW5kIG1ha2VzIGl0IGludG8gc29saWQgc3VnYXJzLiBXaGljaCBvZiB0aGVzZSBwcm9jZXNzZXMgZG9lcyB0aGF0Pw==[Qq]

[q]Photosynthesis

[c]IHJlbW92ZXMgY2FyYm9uIGRpb3hpZG UgZnJvbSB0aGUgYXRtb3NwaGVyZQ==[Qq]

[c]IGFkZHMgY2FyYm9uIGRpb3hpZGUgdG8gdGhlIGF0bW9zcGhlcmU=[Qq]

[c]IGFkZHMgY2FyYm9uIGRpb3hpZGUgdG8gdGhlIGF0bW9zcGhlcmUsIGJ1dCB0aGVuIHJlbW92ZXMgaXQ=[Qq]

[f]IFllcy4gUGhvdG9zeW50aGVzaXMgdGFrZXMgY2FyYm9uIGRpb3hpZGUsIGEgZ2FzLCBhbmQgY29tYmluZXMgaXQgd2l0aCB3YXRlciB0byBjcmVhdGUgZ2x1Y29zZSwgYSBzb2xpZCBzdWdhci4gVGhhdCBoYXMgdGhlIGVmZmVjdCBvZiByZW1vdmluZyBjYXJib24gZGlveGlkZSBmcm9tIHRoZSBhdG1vc3BoZXJlLg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBUbyBhbnN3ZXIgdGhpcyBxdWVzdGlvbiwga2VlcCBpbiBtaW5kIHRoZSBmYWN0IHRoYXQgcGhvdG9zeW50aGVzaXMgdGFrZXMgaW4gY2FyYm9uIGRpb3hpZGUgdG8gbWFrZSBzdWdhcnMgKGNhcmJvaHlkcmF0ZXMpLiBXaGF0IHdvdWxkIHRoYXQgZG8gdG8gbGV2ZWxzIG9mIGNhcmJvbiBkaW94aWRlIGluIHRoZSBhdG1vc3BoZXJlPw==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBUbyBhbnN3ZXIgdGhpcyBxdWVzdGlvbiwga2VlcCBpbiBtaW5kIHRoZSBmYWN0IHRoYXQgcGhvdG9zeW50aGVzaXMgdGFrZXMgaW4gY2FyYm9uIGRpb3hpZGUgdG8gbWFrZSBzdWdhcnMuIFdoYXQgd291bGQgdGhhdCBkbyB0byBsZXZlbHMgb2YgY2FyYm9uIGRpb3hpZGUgaW4gdGhlIGF0bW9zcGhlcmU/[Qq]

[q]Cellular respiration

[c]IHJlbW92ZXMgY2FyYm9uIGRpb3hpZGUgZnJvbSB0aGUgYXRtb3NwaGVyZQ==[Qq]

[c]IGFkZHMgY2FyYm9uIGRpb3hpZG UgdG8gdGhlIGF0bW9zcGhlcmU=[Qq]

[c]IGFkZHMgY2FyYm9uIGRpb3hpZGUgdG8gdGhlIGF0bW9zcGhlcmUsIGJ1dCB0aGVuIHJlbW92ZXMgaXQ=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBBcyBpdCBicmVha3MgZG93biBnbHVjb3NlIGZvciBlbmVyZ3ksIGNlbGx1bGFyIHJlc3BpcmF0aW9uIHJlbGVhc2VzIGNhcmJvbiBkaW94aWRlLiBXaGF0IHdvdWxkIHRoYXQgZG8gdG8gY2FyYm9uIGRpb3hpZGUgaW4gdGhlIGF0bW9zcGhlcmU/[Qq]

[f]IFllcy4gQXMgaXQgYnJlYWtzIGRvd24gZ2x1Y29zZSBmb3IgZW5lcmd5LCBjZWxsdWxhciByZXNwaXJhdGlvbiByZWxlYXNlcyBjYXJib24gZGlveGlkZSwgd2hpY2ggaGFzIHRoZSBlZmZlY3Qgb2YgaW5jcmVhc2luZyB0aGUgbGV2ZWwgb2YgY2FyYm9uIGRpb3hpZGUgaW4gdGhlIGF0bW9zcGhlcmUu[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBBcyBpdCBicmVha3MgZG93biBnbHVjb3NlIGZvciBlbmVyZ3ksIGNlbGx1bGFyIHJlc3BpcmF0aW9uIHJlbGVhc2VzIGNhcmJvbiBkaW94aWRlLiBXaGF0IHdvdWxkIHRoYXQgZG8gdG8gY2FyYm9uIGRpb3hpZGUgaW4gdGhlIGF0bW9zcGhlcmU/[Qq]

[q]Decomposition

[c]IHJlbW92ZXMgY2FyYm9uIGRpb3hpZGUgZnJvbSB0aGUgYXRtb3NwaGVyZQ==[Qq]

[c]IGFkZHMgY2FyYm9uIGRpb3hpZG UgdG8gdGhlIGF0bW9zcGhlcmU=[Qq]

[c]IGFkZHMgY2FyYm9uIGRpb3hpZGUgdG8gdGhlIGF0bW9zcGhlcmUsIGJ1dCB0aGVuIHJlbW92ZXMgaXQ=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBBcyBkZWNvbXBvc2VycyBicmVhayBkb3duIGRlYWQgb3JnYW5pYyBtYXR0ZXIsIHRoZXkgcmVsZWFzZSBjYXJib24gZGlveGlkZS4gS2VlcCB0aGF0IGluIG1pbmQgd2hlbiB5b3Ugc2VlIHRoaXMgcXVlc3Rpb24gYWdhaW4u[Qq]

[f]IFllcy4gQXMgZGVjb21wb3NlcnMgYnJlYWsgZG93biBkZWFkIG9yZ2FuaWMgbWF0dGVyLCB0aGV5IHJlbGVhc2UgY2FyYm9uIGRpb3hpZGUu[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBBcyBkZWNvbXBvc2VycyBicmVhayBkb3duIGRlYWQgb3JnYW5pYyBtYXR0ZXIsIHRoZXkgcmVsZWFzZSBjYXJib24gZGlveGlkZS4gS2VlcCB0aGF0IGluIG1pbmQgd2hlbiB5b3Ugc2VlIHRoaXMgcXVlc3Rpb24gYWdhaW4u[Qq]

[q]Combustion

[c]IHJlbW92ZXMgY2FyYm9uIGRpb3hpZGUgZnJvbSB0aGUgYXRtb3NwaGVyZQ==[Qq]

[c]IGFkZHMgY2FyYm9uIGRpb3hpZG UgdG8gdGhlIGF0bW9zcGhlcmU=[Qq]

[c]IGFkZHMgY2FyYm9uIGRpb3hpZGUgdG8gdGhlIGF0bW9zcGhlcmUsIGJ1dCB0aGVuIHJlbW92ZXMgaXQ=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBDb21idXN0aW9uIHRha2VzIGEgZnVlbCAoYSBjYXJib2h5ZHJhdGUgbGlrZSB3b29kIG9yIGEgZm9zc2lsIGZ1ZWwgbGlrZSBjb2FsKSwgYW5kIGJ1cm5zIGl0IHdpdGggb3h5Z2VuLCByZWxlYXNpbmcgY2FyYm9uIGRpb3hpZGUgYW5kIHdhdGVyIHZhcG9yLiBXaGVyZSB3b3VsZCB0aGF0IGNhcmJvbiBkaW94aWRlIGdvPw==[Qq]

[f]IFllcy4gQ29tYnVzdGlvbiB0YWtlcyBhIGZ1ZWwgKGEgY2FyYm9oeWRyYXRlIGxpa2Ugd29vZCBvciBhIGZvc3NpbCBmdWVsIGxpa2UgY29hbCksIGFuZCBidXJucyBpdCB3aXRoIG94eWdlbiwgcmVsZWFzaW5nIGNhcmJvbiBkaW94aWRlIGFuZCB3YXRlciB2YXBvci4gVGhhdCBhZGRzIGNhcmJvbiBkaW94aWRlIHRvIHRoZSBhdG1vc3BoZXJlLg==[Qq]

[q]Of the processes below, the only one that takes carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere is

[c]IENlbGx1bGFyIHJlc3BpcmF0aW9u[Qq]

[c]IENvbnN1bXB0aW9u[Qq]

[c]IERlY29tcG9zaXRpb24=[Qq]

[c]IFBob3Rvc3 ludGhlc2lz[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBEdXJpbmcgY2VsbHVsYXIgcmVzcGlyYXRpb24sIGNhcmJvaHlkcmF0ZXMgYXJlIGNvbWJpbmVkIHdpdGggb3h5Z2VuLCByZWxlYXNpbmcgY2FyYm9uIGRpb3hpZGUgYW5kIHdhdGVyIHZhcG9yLiBUaGlzIGFkZHMgY2FyYm9uIGRpb3hpZGUgdG8gdGhlIGF0bW9zcGhlcmUu[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBDb25zdW1wdGlvbiBtb3ZlcyBjYXJib24gZnJvbSBwbGFudHMgdG8gYW5pbWFscy4gVGhpcyBoYXMgbm8gZGlyZWN0IGVmZmVjdCBvbiBjYXJib24gZGlveGlkZSBpbiB0aGUgYXRtb3NwaGVyZS4=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBEdXJpbmcgZGVjb21wb3NpdGlvbiwgZGVhZCBvcmdhbmljIG1hdHRlciBpcyBicm9rZW4gZG93bi4gSW4gdGhlIHByb2Nlc3MsIHRoZSBjYXJib24gaW4gdGhhdCBtYXR0ZXIgaXMgcmVsZWFzZSBhcyBjYXJib24gZGlveGlkZSwgYWRkaW5nIGNhcmJvbiBkaW94aWRlIHRvIHRoZSBhdG1vc3BoZXJlLg==[Qq]

[f]IFllcy4gUGhvdG9zeW50aGVzaXMgdGFrZXMgZ2FzZW91cyBjYXJib24gZGlveGlkZSBhbmQgY29tYmluZXMgaXQgd2l0aCB3YXRlciB0byBjcmVhdGUgY2FyYm9oeWRyYXRlcy4gVGhpcyByZW1vdmVzIGNhcmJvbiBkaW94aWRlIGZyb20gdGhlIGF0bW9zcGhlcmUu[Qq]

[q]The vast buildup of plant material that occurred hundreds of millions of years ago set the stage for

[c]IHRoZSBncm93dGggb2YgZW5vcm1vdXMgZm9yZXN0cw==[Qq]

[c]IGhpZ2ggcmF0ZXMgb2YgY2VsbHVsYXIgcmVzcGlyYXRpb24=[Qq]

[c]IGZvcm1hdGlvbiBvZi Bmb3NzaWwgZnVlbHM=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBEdXJpbmcgdGhpcyBwZXJpb2QsIHRoZXJlIHdlcmUgZW5vcm1vdXMgZm9yZXN0cyBpbiBtYW55IHBhcnRzIG9mIG91ciBwbGFuZXQuIFRoZXNlIGZvcmVzdHMgbWFkZSB0aGUgYnVpbGR1cCBvZiBwbGFudCBtYXRlcmlhbCBwb3NzaWJsZS4gV2hhdCB3YXMgdGhlIGNvbnNlcXVlbmNlIG9mIHRoaXMgYnVpbGR1cD8=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBUaGUgdmFzdCBidWlsZHVwIGhhcyBubyBpbXBhY3Qgb24gY2VsbHVsYXIgcmVzcGlyYXRpb24gcmF0ZXMuIFdoYXQgd2FzIHRoZSBjb25zZXF1ZW5jZSBvZiB0aGlzIGJ1aWxkdXAgb2YgcGxhbnQgbWF0ZXJpYWw/[Qq]

[f]IFllcy4gVGhlIGJ1aWxkdXAgb2YgcGxhbnQgbWF0dGVyIG9jY3VycmVkIGF0IGEgcmF0ZSB0aGF0IGV4Y2VlZGVkIHRoZSByYXRlIG9mIGRlY29tcG9zaXRpb24uIFRoZSByZXN1bHQgd2FzIGh1Z2UgbGF5ZXJzIG9mIGNhcmJvaHlkcmF0ZSAoc3VjaCBhcyB3b29kKSwgdGhhdCBiZWNvbWUgaGVhdGVkIGFuZCBjb21wcmVzc2VkIHRvIGZvcm0gZm9zc2lsIGZ1ZWxzLg==[Qq]

[q]In the diagram below, ecological producers are shown at

[c]IEEgwqAgwqDCoA==[Qq][c]IEIgwqAg wqDCoA==[Qq][c]IEMgwqAgwqDCoA==[Qq][c]IEQgwqAgwqDCoA==[Qq][c]IEU=

Cg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBMZXR0ZXIgQSByZWZlcnMgdG8gY2FyYm9uIGRpb3hpZGUgaW4gdGhlIGFpci4gRmluZCBhIGxldHRlciB0aGF0IHJlZmVycyB0byBvcmdhbmlzbXMgdGhhdCBwdWxsIHRoaXMgY2FyYm9uIGRpb3hpZGUgb3V0IG9mIHRoZSBhaXIgdG8gcHJvZHVjZSBmb29kLg==[Qq]

[f]IFllcy4gUHJvZHVjZXJzIChwbGFudHMgYW5kIG90aGVyIHBob3Rvc3ludGhldGljIG9yZ2FuaXNtcykgYXJlIHNob3duIGF0IGxldHRlciBCLiBZb3UgY2FuIHRlbGwgdGhhdCB0aGV54oCZcmUgcHJvZHVjZXJzIGJlY2F1c2UgdGhleSBwdWxsIGFiaW90aWMgY2FyYm9uIGRpb3hpZGUgb3V0IG9mIHRoZSBhaXIsIGFuZCB1c2UgaXQgdG8gcHJvZHVjZSBmb29kIChjYXJib2h5ZHJhdGUpLg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBMZXR0ZXIgQyByZWZlcnMgdG8gZWNvbG9naWNhbCBjb25zdW1lcnMsIGFuaW1hbHMgdGhhdCBlYXQgcHJvZHVjZXJzLiBGaW5kIGEgbGV0dGVyIHRoYXQgcmVmZXJzIHRvIG9yZ2FuaXNtcyB0aGF0IHB1bGwgY2FyYm9uIGRpb3hpZGUgb3V0IG9mIHRoZSBhaXIgdG8gcHJvZHVjZSBmb29kLg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBMZXR0ZXIgRCByZWZlcnMgdG8gZGVjb21wb3NlcnMuIEZpbmQgYSBsZXR0ZXIgdGhhdCByZWZlcnMgdG8gb3JnYW5pc21zIHRoYXQgcHVsbCBjYXJib24gZGlveGlkZSBvdXQgb2YgdGhlIGFpciB0byBwcm9kdWNlIGZvb2Qu[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBMZXR0ZXIgRSByZWZlcnMgdG8gZm9zc2lsIGZ1ZWxzLiBGaW5kIGEgbGV0dGVyIHRoYXQgcmVmZXJzIHRvIG9yZ2FuaXNtcyB0aGF0IHB1bGwgY2FyYm9uIGRpb3hpZGUgb3V0IG9mIHRoZSBhaXIgdG8gcHJvZHVjZSBmb29kLg==[Qq]

[q]In the diagram below, ecological consumers are shown at

[c]IEEgwqAgwqDCoA==[Qq][c]IEIgwqAgwqAgwqA=[Qq][c]IEMgwqAg wqDCoA==[Qq][c]IEQgwqAgwqDCoA==[Qq][c]IEU=

Cg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBMZXR0ZXIgQSByZWZlcnMgdG8gY2FyYm9uIGRpb3hpZGUgaW4gdGhlIGFpci4gRmluZCBhIGxldHRlciB0aGF0IHJlZmVycyB0byBhbmltYWxzIHRoYXQgYXJlIGNvbnN1bWluZyBwbGFudHMu[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBMZXR0ZXIgQiByZWZlcnMgdG8gcHJvZHVjZXJzLCB0aGUgb3JnYW5pc21zIHRoYXQgcHVsbCBhYmlvdGljIGNhcmJvbiBkaW94aWRlIG91dCBvZiB0aGUgYWlyLCBhbmQgdXNlIGl0IHRvIHByb2R1Y2UgZm9vZCAoY2FyYm9oeWRyYXRlKS4gRmluZCBhIGxldHRlciB0aGF0IHJlZmVycyB0byBhbmltYWxzIHRoYXQgYXJlIGNvbnN1bWluZyBwbGFudHMu[Qq]

[f]IFllcy4gTGV0dGVyIEMgcmVmZXJzIHRvIGVjb2xvZ2ljYWwgY29uc3VtZXJzOiBhbmltYWxzIHRoYXQgZWF0IHByb2R1Y2Vycy4=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBMZXR0ZXIgRCByZWZlcnMgdG8gZGVjb21wb3NlcnMsIG9yZ2FuaXNtcyB0aGF0IGJyZWFrIGRvd24gZGVhZCBvcmdhbmljIG1hdHRlci4gRmluZCBhIGxldHRlciB0aGF0IHJlZmVycyB0byBhbmltYWxzIHRoYXQgYXJlIGNvbnN1bWluZyBwbGFudHMu[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBMZXR0ZXIgRSByZWZlcnMgdG8gZm9zc2lsIGZ1ZWxzLiBGaW5kIGEgbGV0dGVyIHRoYXQgcmVmZXJzIHRvIGFuaW1hbHMgdGhhdCBhcmUgY29uc3VtaW5nIHBsYW50cy4=[Qq]

[q]In the diagram below, decomposers are shown at

[c]IEEgwqAgwqDCoA==[Qq][c]IEIgwqAgwqDCoA==[Qq][c]IEMgwqAgwqDCoA==[Qq][c]IEQgwqAg wqDCoA==[Qq][c]IEU=

Cg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBMZXR0ZXIgQSByZWZlcnMgdG8gY2FyYm9uIGRpb3hpZGUgaW4gdGhlIGFpci4gRmluZCBhIGxldHRlciB0aGF0IHJlZmVycyB0byBhIGdyb3VwIG9mIG9yZ2FuaXNtcyB0aGF0IHRha2UgZGVhZCBwbGFudHMgYW5kIGFuaW1hbHMgYW5kIGJyZWFrcyB0aGVtIGRvd24sIHJlbGVhc2luZyBjYXJib24gZGlveGlkZS4=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBMZXR0ZXIgQiByZWZlcnMgdG8gcHJvZHVjZXJzLCB0aGUgb3JnYW5pc21zLiB0aGF0IHB1bGwgYWJpb3RpYyBjYXJib24gZGlveGlkZSBvdXQgb2YgdGhlIGFpciwgYW5kIHVzZSBpdCB0byBwcm9kdWNlIGZvb2QgKGNhcmJvaHlkcmF0ZSkuIEZpbmQgYSBsZXR0ZXIgdGhhdCByZWZlcnMgdG8gYSBncm91cCBvZiBvcmdhbmlzbXMgdGhhdCB0YWtlIGRlYWQgcGxhbnRzIGFuZCBhbmltYWxzIGFuZCBicmVha3MgdGhlbSBkb3duLCByZWxlYXNpbmcgY2FyYm9uIGRpb3hpZGUu[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBMZXR0ZXIgQyByZWZlcnMgdG8gZWNvbG9naWNhbCBjb25zdW1lcnMsIGFuaW1hbHMgdGhhdCBlYXQgcHJvZHVjZXJzLiBGaW5kIGEgbGV0dGVyIHRoYXQgcmVmZXJzIHRvIGEgZ3JvdXAgb2Ygb3JnYW5pc21zIHRoYXQgdGFrZSBkZWFkIHBsYW50cyBhbmQgYW5pbWFscyBhbmQgYnJlYWtzIHRoZW0gZG93biwgcmVsZWFzaW5nIGNhcmJvbiBkaW94aWRlLg==[Qq]

[f]IFllcy4gTGV0dGVyIEQgcmVmZXJzIHRvIGRlY29tcG9zZXJzLCB3aGljaCBhcmUgb3JnYW5pc21zIHRoYXQgdGFrZSBkZWFkIHBsYW50cyBhbmQgYW5pbWFscyBhbmQgYnJlYWsgdGhlbSBkb3duIGludG8gc2ltcGxlciBmb3JtcywgaW5jbHVkaW5nIGNhcmJvbiBkaW94aWRlLg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBMZXR0ZXIgRSByZWZlcnMgdG8gZm9zc2lsIGZ1ZWxzLiBGaW5kIGEgbGV0dGVyIHRoYXQgcmVmZXJzIHRvIGEgZ3JvdXAgb2Ygb3JnYW5pc21zIHRoYXQgdGFrZSBkZWFkIHBsYW50cyBhbmQgYW5pbWFscyBhbmQgYnJlYWtzIHRoZW0gZG93biwgcmVsZWFzaW5nIGNhcmJvbiBkaW94aWRlLg==[Qq]

[q]In the diagram below, carbon dioxide gas is shown at

[c]IEEgwqAg wqDCoA==[Qq][c]IEIgwqAgwqDCoA==[Qq][c]IEMgwqAgwqDCoA==[Qq][c]IEQgwqAgwqDCoA==[Qq][c]IEU=

Cg==[Qq]

[f]IFllcy4gTGV0dGVyIEEgcmVmZXJzIHRvIGNhcmJvbiBkaW94aWRlIGluIHRoZSBhaXIu[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBMZXR0ZXIgQyByZWZlcnMgdG8gZWNvbG9naWNhbCBjb25zdW1lcnMsIGFuaW1hbHMgdGhhdCBlYXQgcHJvZHVjZXJzLiBGaW5kIGEgbGV0dGVyIHRoYXQgcmVmZXJzIHRvIGNhcmJvbiBkaW94aWRlIG1vbGVjdWxlcyBpbiB0aGUgYWlyLg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBMZXR0ZXIgRCByZWZlcnMgdG8gZGVjb21wb3NlcnMsIGEgZ3JvdXAgb2Ygb3JnYW5pc21zIHRoYXQgdGFrZSBkZWFkIHBsYW50cyBhbmQgYW5pbWFscyBhbmQgYnJlYWtzIHRoZW0gZG93biwgcmVsZWFzaW5nIGNhcmJvbiBkaW94aWRlLiBGaW5kIGEgbGV0dGVyIHRoYXQgcmVmZXJzIHRvIGNhcmJvbiBkaW94aWRlIG1vbGVjdWxlcyBpbiB0aGUgYWlyLg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBMZXR0ZXIgRSByZWZlcnMgdG8gZm9zc2lsIGZ1ZWxzLiBGaW5kIGEgbGV0dGVyIHRoYXQgcmVmZXJzIHRvIGNhcmJvbiBkaW94aWRlIG1vbGVjdWxlcyBpbiB0aGUgYWlyLg==[Qq]

[q]In the diagram below, fossil fuels are shown at

[c]IEEgwqAgwqDCoA==[Qq][c]IEIgwqAgwqDCoA==[Qq][c]IEMgwqAgwqDCoA==[Qq][c]IEQgwqAgwqDCoA==[Qq][c]IE U=

Cg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBMZXR0ZXIgQSByZWZlcnMgdG8gY2FyYm9uIGRpb3hpZGUgaW4gdGhlIGFpci4gRmluZCBhIGxldHRlciB0aGF0IHNob3dzIGNhcmJvbiB0aGF04oCZcyBiZWVuIHRyYW5zZm9ybWVkIGludG8gb2lsIChwZXRyb2xldW0pLCBvciBjb2FsIG9yIG5hdHVyYWwgZ2FzLg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBMZXR0ZXIgQiByZWZlcnMgdG8gcHJvZHVjZXJzLCB0aGUgb3JnYW5pc21zIHRoYXQgcHVsbCBhYmlvdGljIGNhcmJvbiBkaW94aWRlIG91dCBvZiB0aGUgYWlyLCBhbmQgdXNlIGl0IHRvIHByb2R1Y2UgZm9vZCAoY2FyYm9oeWRyYXRlKS4gRmluZCBhIGxldHRlciB0aGF0IHNob3dzIGNhcmJvbiB0aGF04oCZcyBiZWVuIHRyYW5zZm9ybWVkIGludG8gb2lsIChwZXRyb2xldW0pLCBvciBjb2FsIG9yIG5hdHVyYWwgZ2FzLg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBMZXR0ZXIgQyByZWZlcnMgdG8gZWNvbG9naWNhbCBjb25zdW1lcnMsIGFuaW1hbHMgdGhhdCBlYXQgcHJvZHVjZXJzLiBGaW5kIGEgbGV0dGVyIHRoYXQgc2hvd3MgY2FyYm9uIHRoYXTigJlzIGJlZW4gdHJhbnNmb3JtZWQgaW50byBvaWwgKHBldHJvbGV1bSksIG9yIGNvYWwgb3IgbmF0dXJhbCBnYXMu[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBMZXR0ZXIgRCByZWZlcnMgdG8gZGVjb21wb3NlcnMsIGEgZ3JvdXAgb2Ygb3JnYW5pc21zIHRoYXQgdGFrZSBkZWFkIHBsYW50cyBhbmQgYW5pbWFscyBhbmQgYnJlYWtzIHRoZW0gZG93biwgcmVsZWFzaW5nIGNhcmJvbiBkaW94aWRlLiBGaW5kIGEgbGV0dGVyIHRoYXQgc2hvd3MgY2FyYm9uIHRoYXTigJlzIGJlZW4gdHJhbnNmb3JtZWQgaW50byBvaWwgKHBldHJvbGV1bSksIG9yIGNvYWwgb3IgbmF0dXJhbCBnYXMu[Qq]

[f]IFllcy4gTGV0dGVyIEUgcmVmZXJzIHRvIGZvc3NpbCBmdWVscy4gRm9zc2lsIGZ1ZWxzIGNvbnNpc3Qgb2YgY29hbCwgb2lsIChwZXRyb2xldW0pIG9yIG5hdHVyYWwgZ2FzLg==[Qq]

[q]In the diagram below, the only process that removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is

[c]IDEgwqAg wqDCoA==[Qq][c]IDIgwqAgwqDCoA==[Qq][c]IDMgwqAgwqDCoA==[Qq][c]IDQgwqAgwqDCoA==[Qq][c]IDU=

Cg==[Qq]

[f]IFllcy4gQXJyb3cgbnVtYmVyIDEgcmVmZXJzIHRvIHBob3Rvc3ludGhlc2lzLCB0aGUgb25seSBwcm9jZXNzIHRoYXQgcmVtb3ZlcyBjYXJib24gZGlveGlkZSBmcm9tIHRoZSBhdG1vc3BoZXJlLg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBBcnJvdyBudW1iZXIgMiByZWZlcnMgdG8gcmVzcGlyYXRpb24gZnJvbSBwbGFudHMuIExpa2UgYWxsIGNlbGx1bGFyIHJlc3BpcmF0aW9uLCB0aGlzIGFkZHMgY2FyYm9uIGRpb3hpZGUgdG8gdGhlIGF0bW9zcGhlcmUuIExvb2sgZm9yIGFuIGFycm93IHRoYXQgc2hvd3MgY2FyYm9uIGRpb3hpZGUgZ2FzIG1vdmluZyBmcm9tIHRoZSBhaXIgYW5kIGJlaW5nIOKAmGZpeGVk4oCZIGluIGEgcGxhbnQu[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBBcnJvdyBudW1iZXIgMyByZWZlcnMgdG8gY29uc3VtcHRpb24gb2YgcGxhbnRzIGJ5IGFuaW1hbHMuIExvb2sgZm9yIGFuIGFycm93IHRoYXQgc2hvd3MgY2FyYm9uIGRpb3hpZGUgZ2FzIG1vdmluZyBmcm9tIHRoZSBhaXIgYW5kIGJlaW5nIOKAmGZpeGVk4oCZIGluIGEgcGxhbnQu[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBBcnJvdyBudW1iZXIgNCBzaG93cyByZXNwaXJhdGlvbiBmcm9tIGFuaW1hbHMuIExpa2UgYWxsIGNlbGx1bGFyIHJlc3BpcmF0aW9uLCB0aGlzIGFkZHMgY2FyYm9uIGRpb3hpZGUgdG8gdGhlIGF0bW9zcGhlcmUuIExvb2sgZm9yIGFuIGFycm93IHRoYXQgc2hvd3MgY2FyYm9uIGRpb3hpZGUgZ2FzIG1vdmluZyBmcm9tIHRoZSBhaXIgYW5kIGJlaW5nIOKAmGZpeGVk4oCZIGluIGEgcGxhbnQu[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBBcnJvdyBudW1iZXIgNSByZWZlcnMgdG8gdGhlIGRlYXRoIG9mIGFuaW1hbHMsLiBUaGUgbWF0dGVyIGluIHRoZXNlIGRlYWQgYW5pbWFscyB3aWxsIGJlIGJyb2tlbiBkb3duIGJ5IGRlY29tcG9zZXJzLiBEZWNvbXBvc2l0aW9uIGFkZHMgY2FyYm9uIGRpb3hpZGUgdG8gdGhlIGF0bW9zcGhlcmUuIExvb2sgZm9yIGFuIGFycm93IHRoYXQgc2hvd3MgY2FyYm9uIGRpb3hpZGUgZ2FzIG1vdmluZyBmcm9tIHRoZSBhaXIgYW5kIGJlaW5nIOKAmGZpeGVk4oCZIGluIGEgcGxhbnQu[Qq]

[q]In the diagram below, consumption is shown at

[c]IDEgwqAgwqDCoA==[Qq][c]IDIgwqAgwqDCoA==[Qq][c]IDMgwqAg wqDCoA==[Qq][c]IDQgwqAgwqDCoA==[Qq][c]IDU=

Cg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBBcnJvdyBudW1iZXIgMSByZWZlcnMgdG8gcGhvdG9zeW50aGVzaXMuIExvb2sgZm9yIGFuIGFycm93IHRoYXQgc2hvd3MgcGxhbnRzIGJlaW5nIGNvbnN1bWVkIGJ5IGFuaW1hbHMu[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBBcnJvdyBudW1iZXIgMiByZWZlcnMgdG8gcmVzcGlyYXRpb24gZnJvbSBwbGFudHMuIExvb2sgZm9yIGFuIGFycm93IHRoYXQgc2hvd3MgcGxhbnRzIGJlaW5nIGNvbnN1bWVkIGJ5IGFuaW1hbHMu[Qq]

[f]IFllcy4gQXJyb3cgbnVtYmVyIDMgcmVmZXJzIHRvIGNvbnN1bXB0aW9uIG9mIHBsYW50cyBieSBhbmltYWxzLg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBBcnJvdyBudW1iZXIgNCBzaG93cyByZXNwaXJhdGlvbiBmcm9tIGFuaW1hbHMuIExvb2sgZm9yIGFuIGFycm93IHRoYXQgc2hvd3MgcGxhbnRzIGJlaW5nIGNvbnN1bWVkIGJ5IGFuaW1hbHMu[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBBcnJvdyBudW1iZXIgNSByZWZlcnMgdG8gdGhlIGRlYXRoIG9mIGFuaW1hbHMsLiBMb29rIGZvciBhbiBhcnJvdyB0aGF0IHNob3dzIHBsYW50cyBiZWluZyBjb25zdW1lZCBieSBhbmltYWxzLg==[Qq]

[q]In the diagram below, release of carbon dioxide by decomposition is shown at

[c]IDEgwqAgwqDCoA==[Qq][c]IDIgwqAgwqDCoA==[Qq][c]IDcgwqAgwqDCoA==[Qq][c]IDggwqAg wqDCoA==[Qq][c]IDEw

Cg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBBcnJvdyBudW1iZXIgMSByZWZlcnMgdG8gcGhvdG9zeW50aGVzaXMuIExvb2sgZm9yIGFuIGFycm93IHRoYXQgc2hvd3MgdGhlIGRlYWQgcmVtYWlucyBvZiBwbGFudHMgYW5kIGFuaW1hbHMgYmVpbmcgY29udmVydGVkIGludG8gY2FyYm9uIGRpb3hpZGUu[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBBcnJvdyBudW1iZXIgMiByZWZlcnMgdG8gcmVzcGlyYXRpb24gZnJvbSBwbGFudHMuIExvb2sgZm9yIGFuIGFycm93IHRoYXQgc2hvd3MgdGhlIGRlYWQgcmVtYWlucyBvZiBwbGFudHMgYW5kIGFuaW1hbHMgYmVpbmcgY29udmVydGVkIGludG8gY2FyYm9uIGRpb3hpZGUu[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBBcnJvdyBudW1iZXIgNyByZWZlcnMgdG8gZm9zc2lsIGZ1ZWwgZm9ybWF0aW9uLiBMb29rIGZvciBhbiBhcnJvdyB0aGF0IHNob3dzIHRoZSBkZWFkIHJlbWFpbnMgb2YgcGxhbnRzIGFuZCBhbmltYWxzIGJlaW5nIGNvbnZlcnRlZCBpbnRvIGNhcmJvbiBkaW94aWRlLg==[Qq]

[f]IFllcy4gQXJyb3cgbnVtYmVyIDggc2hvd3MgcmVsZWFzZSBvZiBjYXJib24gZGlveGlkZSB0aHJvdWdoIGRlY29tcG9zaXRpb24sIGR1cmluZyB3aGljaCB0aGUgZGVhZCByZW1haW5zIG9mIHBsYW50cyBhbmQgYW5pbWFscyBhcmUgY29udmVydGVkIGludG8gY2FyYm9uIGRpb3hpZGUgKGFuZCBvdGhlciBzaW1wbGUgc3Vic3RhbmNlcykgdGhhdCBjYW4gcmUtZW50ZXIgdGhlIGNhcmJvbiBjeWNsZSAob3Igb3RoZXIgYmlvZ2VvY2hlbWljYWwgY3ljbGVzKS4=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBBcnJvdyBudW1iZXIgMTAgcmVmZXJzIHRvIHRoZSBjb21idXN0aW9uIG9mIGZvc3NpbCBmdWVscy4gTG9vayBmb3IgYW4gYXJyb3cgdGhhdCBzaG93cyB0aGUgZGVhZCByZW1haW5zIG9mIHBsYW50cyBhbmQgYW5pbWFscyBiZWluZyBjb252ZXJ0ZWQgaW50byBjYXJib24gZGlveGlkZS4=[Qq]

[q]In the diagram below, respiration from plants is shown at

[c]IDEgwqAgwqDCoA==[Qq][c]IDIgwqAg wqDCoA==[Qq][c]IDcgwqAgwqDCoA==[Qq][c]IDggwqAgwqDCoA==[Qq][c]IDEw

Cg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBBcnJvdyBudW1iZXIgMSByZWZlcnMgdG8gcGhvdG9zeW50aGVzaXMuIExvb2sgZm9yIGFuIGFycm93IHRoYXQgc2hvd3MgY2FyYm9uIGRpb3hpZGUgYmVpbmcgcmVsZWFzZWQgZnJvbSBwbGFudHMgYW5kIGhlYWRpbmcgYmFjayBpbnRvIHRoZSBhdG1vc3BoZXJlLg==[Qq]

[f]IFllcy4gQXJyb3cgbnVtYmVyIDIgcmVmZXJzIHRvIHJlc3BpcmF0aW9uIGZyb20gcGxhbnRzLg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBBcnJvdyBudW1iZXIgNyByZWZlcnMgdG8gZm9zc2lsIGZ1ZWwgZm9ybWF0aW9uLiBMb29rIGZvciBhbiBhcnJvdyB0aGF0IHNob3dzIGNhcmJvbiBkaW94aWRlIGJlaW5nIHJlbGVhc2VkIGZyb20gcGxhbnRzIGFuZCBoZWFkaW5nIGJhY2sgaW50byB0aGUgYXRtb3NwaGVyZS4=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBBcnJvdyBudW1iZXIgOCBzaG93cyBkZWNvbXBvc2l0aW9uLiBMb29rIGZvciBhbiBhcnJvdyB0aGF0IHNob3dzIGNhcmJvbiBkaW94aWRlIGJlaW5nIHJlbGVhc2VkIGZyb20gcGxhbnRzIGFuZCBoZWFkaW5nIGJhY2sgaW50byB0aGUgYXRtb3NwaGVyZS4=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBBcnJvdyBudW1iZXIgMTAgcmVmZXJzIHRvIHRoZSBjb21idXN0aW9uIG9mIGZvc3NpbCBmdWVscy4gTG9vayBmb3IgYW4gYXJyb3cgdGhhdCBzaG93cyBjYXJib24gZGlveGlkZSBiZWluZyByZWxlYXNlZCBmcm9tIHBsYW50cyBhbmQgaGVhZGluZyBiYWNrIGludG8gdGhlIGF0bW9zcGhlcmUu[Qq]

[q]In the diagram below, respiration from animals is shown at

[c]IDQgwqAg wqDCoA==[Qq][c]IDUgwqAgwqDCoA==[Qq][c]IDcgwqAgwqDCoA==[Qq][c]IDggwqAgwqDCoA==[Qq][c]IDEw

Cg==[Qq]

[f]IFllcy4gQXJyb3cgbnVtYmVyIDQgcmVmZXJzIHRvIHJlc3BpcmF0aW9uIGZyb20gYW5pbWFscy4=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBBcnJvdyBudW1iZXIgNSByZWZlcnMgdG8gbWF0dGVyIGZyb20gZGVhZCBhbmltYWxzIG1vdmluZyB0byBkZWNvbXBvc2Vycy4gRmluZCBhbiBhcnJvdyB0aGF0IHNob3dzIGNhcmJvbiBkaW94aWRlIGJlaW5nIHJlbGVhc2VkIGZyb20gYW5pbWFscyBhbmQgaGVhZGluZyBiYWNrIGludG8gdGhlIGF0bW9zcGhlcmUu[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBBcnJvdyBudW1iZXIgNyByZWZlcnMgdG8gZm9zc2lsIGZ1ZWwgZm9ybWF0aW9uLiBGaW5kIGFuIGFycm93IHRoYXQgc2hvd3MgY2FyYm9uIGRpb3hpZGUgYmVpbmcgcmVsZWFzZWQgZnJvbSBhbmltYWxzIGFuZCBoZWFkaW5nIGJhY2sgaW50byB0aGUgYXRtb3NwaGVyZS4=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBBcnJvdyBudW1iZXIgOCBzaG93cyBkZWNvbXBvc2l0aW9uLiBGaW5kIGFuIGFycm93IHRoYXQgc2hvd3MgY2FyYm9uIGRpb3hpZGUgYmVpbmcgcmVsZWFzZWQgZnJvbSBhbmltYWxzIGFuZCBoZWFkaW5nIGJhY2sgaW50byB0aGUgYXRtb3NwaGVyZS4=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBBcnJvdyBudW1iZXIgMTAgcmVmZXJzIHRvIHRoZSBjb21idXN0aW9uIG9mIGZvc3NpbCBmdWVscy4gRmluZCBhbiBhcnJvdyB0aGF0IHNob3dzIGNhcmJvbiBkaW94aWRlIGJlaW5nIHJlbGVhc2VkIGZyb20gYW5pbWFscyBhbmQgaGVhZGluZyBiYWNrIGludG8gdGhlIGF0bW9zcGhlcmUu[Qq]

[q]In the diagram below, formation of fossil fuels is shown at

[c]IDQgwqAgwqA=[Qq][c]IDUgwqAgwqDCoA==[Qq][c]IDcgwqAg wqDCoA==[Qq][c]IDggwqAgwqDCoA==[Qq][c]IDEw

Cg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBBcnJvdyBudW1iZXIgNCByZWZlcnMgdG8gcmVzcGlyYXRpb24gZnJvbSBhbmltYWxzLiBGaW5kIGFuIGFycm93IHRoYXQgc2hvd3MgY2FyYm9uIG1vdmluZyBmcm9tIHBsYW50cyBpbnRvIGZvc3NpbCBmdWVscyAob2lsL3BldHJvbGV1bSwgY29hbCwgb3IgbmF0dXJhbCBnYXMpLg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBBcnJvdyBudW1iZXIgNSByZWZlcnMgdG8gbWF0dGVyIGZyb20gZGVhZCBhbmltYWxzIG1vdmluZyB0byBkZWNvbXBvc2Vycy4gRmluZCBhbiBhcnJvdyB0aGF0IHNob3dzIGNhcmJvbiBtb3ZpbmcgZnJvbSBwbGFudHMgaW50byBmb3NzaWwgZnVlbHMgKG9pbC9wZXRyb2xldW0sIGNvYWwsIG9yIG5hdHVyYWwgZ2FzKS4=[Qq]

[f]IFllcy4gQXJyb3cgbnVtYmVyIDcgcmVmZXJzIHRvIGZvc3NpbCBmdWVsIGZvcm1hdGlvbi4=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBBcnJvdyBudW1iZXIgOCBzaG93cyBjYXJib24gZGlveGlkZSByZWxlYXNlIGZyb20gZGVjb21wb3NpdGlvbi4gRmluZCBhbiBhcnJvdyB0aGF0IHNob3dzIGNhcmJvbiBtb3ZpbmcgZnJvbSBwbGFudHMgaW50byBmb3NzaWwgZnVlbHMgKG9pbC9wZXRyb2xldW0sIGNvYWwsIG9yIG5hdHVyYWwgZ2FzKS4=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBBcnJvdyBudW1iZXIgMTAgcmVmZXJzIHRvIHRoZSBjb21idXN0aW9uIG9mIGZvc3NpbCBmdWVscy4gRmluZCBhbiBhcnJvdyB0aGF0IHNob3dzIGNhcmJvbiBtb3ZpbmcgZnJvbSBwbGFudHMgaW50byBmb3NzaWwgZnVlbHMgKG9pbC9wZXRyb2xldW0sIGNvYWwsIG9yIG5hdHVyYWwgZ2FzKS4=[Qq]

[q]In the diagram below, combustion of fossil fuels is shown at

[c]IDQgwqAgwqA=[Qq][c]IDUgwqAgwqA=[Qq][c]IDcgwqAgwqA=[Qq][c]IDggwqAgwqDCoA==[Qq][c]ID Ew

Cg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBBcnJvdyBudW1iZXIgNCByZWZlcnMgdG8gcmVzcGlyYXRpb24gZnJvbSBhbmltYWxzLiBGaW5kIGFuIGFycm93IHRoYXQgc2hvd3MgY2FyYm9uIGZyb20gZm9zc2lsIGZ1ZWxzIG1vdmluZyBmcm9tIG1hY2hpbmVzIG9yIGZhY3RvcmllcyBpbnRvIHRoZSBhdG1vc3BoZXJlLg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBBcnJvdyBudW1iZXIgNSByZWZlcnMgdG8gbWF0dGVyIGZyb20gZGVhZCBhbmltYWxzIG1vdmluZyB0byBkZWNvbXBvc2Vycy4gRmluZCBhbiBhcnJvdyB0aGF0IHNob3dzIGNhcmJvbiBmcm9tIGZvc3NpbCBmdWVscyBtb3ZpbmcgZnJvbSBtYWNoaW5lcyBvciBmYWN0b3JpZXMgaW50byB0aGUgYXRtb3NwaGVyZS4=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLCBidXQgeW914oCZcmUgY2xvc2UuIEFycm93IG51bWJlciA3IHJlZmVycyB0byBmb3NzaWwgZnVlbCBmb3JtYXRpb24uIEZpbmQgYW4gYXJyb3cgdGhhdCBzaG93cyBjYXJib24gZnJvbSBmb3NzaWwgZnVlbHMgbW92aW5nIGZyb20gbWFjaGluZXMgb3IgZmFjdG9yaWVzIGludG8gdGhlIGF0bW9zcGhlcmUu[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBBcnJvdyBudW1iZXIgOCBzaG93cyBjYXJib24gZGlveGlkZSByZWxlYXNlIGZyb20gZGVjb21wb3NpdGlvbi4gRmluZCBhbiBhcnJvdyB0aGF0IHNob3dzIGNhcmJvbiBmcm9tIGZvc3NpbCBmdWVscyBtb3ZpbmcgZnJvbSBtYWNoaW5lcyBvciBmYWN0b3JpZXMgaW50byB0aGUgYXRtb3NwaGVyZS4=[Qq]

[f]IFllcy4gQXJyb3cgbnVtYmVyIDEwIHJlZmVycyB0byB0aGUgY29tYnVzdGlvbiBvZiBmb3NzaWwgZnVlbHMu[Qq]

[q]In the diagram below, the process that is currently causing our planet’s atmospheric carbon dioxide levels to dramatically rise is shown at arrow

[c]IDQgwqAgwqDCoA==[Qq][c]IDUgwqAgwqDCoA==[Qq][c]IDcgwqAgwqDCoA==[Qq][c]IDggwqAgwqDCoA==[Qq][c]ID Ew

Cg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBBcnJvdyBudW1iZXIgNSByZWZlcnMgdG8gbWF0dGVyIGZyb20gZGVhZCBhbmltYWxzIG1vdmluZyB0byBkZWNvbXBvc2Vycy4gRmluZCBhbiBhcnJvdyB0aGF0IHNob3dzIGNhcmJvbiBmcm9tIGZvc3NpbCBmdWVscyBtb3ZpbmcgZnJvbSBtYWNoaW5lcyBvciBmYWN0b3JpZXMgaW50byB0aGUgYXRtb3NwaGVyZS4=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLCBidXQgeW914oCZcmUgb24gdGhlIHJpZ2h0IHRyYWNrLiBBcnJvdyBudW1iZXIgNyByZWZlcnMgdG8gZm9zc2lsIGZ1ZWwgZm9ybWF0aW9uLiBGaW5kIGFuIGFycm93IHRoYXQgc2hvd3MgY2FyYm9uIGZyb20gZm9zc2lsIGZ1ZWxzIG1vdmluZyBmcm9tIG1hY2hpbmVzIG9yIGZhY3RvcmllcyBpbnRvIHRoZSBhdG1vc3BoZXJlLg==[Qq]

[f]IFllcy4gQXJyb3cgbnVtYmVyIDEwIHJlZmVycyB0byB0aGUgY29tYnVzdGlvbiBvZiBmb3NzaWwgZnVlbHMuIFRoZSBzdWRkZW4gcmVsZWFzZSBvZiBjYXJib24gZGlveGlkZSB0aGF0IGhhZCBiZWVuIG91dCBvZiB0aGUgY2FyYm9uIGN5Y2xlIGZvciBtaWxsaW9ucyBvZiB5ZWFycyBoYXMgY2F1c2VkIGNhcmJvbiBkaW94aWRlIGxldmVscyB0byByaXNlIHNpZ25pZmljYW50bHkgZHVyaW5nIHRoZSBwYXN0IHR3byBodW5kcmVkIHllYXJzLg==[Qq]

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[/qwiz]

1. Introduction: You’re Part of a Big System

2. Flashcards: Ecosystems; Biotic and Abiotic Factors; and Biogeochemical Cycles

3. Biogeochemical Cycle Basics, and an Introduction to the Carbon Cycle

4. Biogeochemical Cycles/Carbon Cycle Flashcards and Quiz

5. Death and decomposition are also part of the carbon cycle

6. Fossil fuel formation, extraction, and combustion add more complexity to the carbon cycle

7. The Carbon Cycle also includes Forest Fires and Volcanic Eruptions

8 Carbon Cycle Music Video and Interactive Lyrics

9. Carbon Cycle: Cumulative quiz

Links