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[qdeck random =”true” style=”width: 528px; border: 2px solid black; “]
[h] Flashcards: DNA, RNA, Protein, Mutation Review Flashcards
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[!!!!!]Card 1++++++++++++++++++++[/!!!!]
[q]The nucleic acid that is single stranded is __________
[textentry]
[a]The nucleic acid that is single stranded is RNA.
[!!!!!]Card 2++++++++++++++++++++[/!!!!]
[q]A mutation in which a new base is put into a DNA sequence is known as a(n) ___________ or ___________ mutation.
[textentry]
[a]A mutation in which a new base is put into a DNA sequence is known as a(n) addition or insertion mutation.
[!!!!!]Card 3++++++++++++++++++++[/!!!!]
[q]In DNA, this base complements thymine.
[textentry]
[a]In DNA, adenine complements thymine.
[!!!!!]Card 4++++++++++++++++++++[/!!!!]
[q]Another name for an amino acid chain is a __________.
[textentry]
[a]Another name for an amino acid chain is a polypeptide.
[!!!!!]Card 5++++++++++++++++++++[/!!!!]
[q]Three bases on tRNA that complement a codon in mRNA make up a(n)__________.
[textentry]
[a]Three bases on tRNA that complement a codon in mRNA make up an anticodon.
[!!!!!]Card 6++++++++++++++++++++[/!!!!]
[q]The backbone of DNA is composed of repeating _________ and _________.
[textentry]
[a]The backbone of DNA is composed of repeating sugars (deoxyriboses) and phosphates.
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[q]In DNA, cytosine binds with ___________.
[textentry]
[a]In DNA, cytosine binds with guanine.
[!!!!!]Card 8++++++++++++++++++++[/!!!!]
[q]In RNA, uracil binds with ___________.
[textentry]
[a]In RNA, uracil binds with adenine.
[!!!!!]Card 9++++++++++++++++++++[/!!!!]
[q]In cells, genes are organized into long strings of DNA known as __________.
[textentry]
[a]In cells, genes are organized into long strings of DNA known as chromosomes.
[!!!!!]Card 10++++++++++++++++++++[/!!!!]
[q]Three bases on mRNA that code for one amino acid make up a __________.
[textentry]
[a]Three bases on mRNA that code for one amino acid make up a codon.
[!!!!!]Card 11++++++++++++++++++++[/!!!!]
[q]The process of translation occurs in what region of the cell?
[textentry]
[a]The process of translation occurs in the cytoplasm.
[!!!!!]Card 12++++++++++++++++++++[/!!!!]
[q]A mutation that removes a nucleotide from DNA is known as a(n) __________.
[textentry]
[a]A mutation that removes a nucleotide from DNA is known as a deletion
[!!!!!]Card 13++++++++++++++++++++[/!!!!]
[q]The sugar in DNA is __________.
[textentry]
[a]The sugar in DNA is deoxyribose.
[!!!!!]Card 14++++++++++++++++++++[/!!!!]
[q]A DNA nucleotide consists of three parts: list them:
[textentry]
[a]A DNA nucleotide consists of a sugar (deoxyribose), phosphate, and a nitrogenous base. (any order is fine)
[!!!!!]Card 15++++++++++++++++++++[/!!!!]
[q]DNA stands for __________.
[textentry]
[a]DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid.
[!!!!!]Card 16++++++++++++++++++++[/!!!!]
[q]What does DNA helicase do?
[textentry]
[a]During replication, DNA helicase breaks hydrogen bonds, exposing two template strands.
[!!!!!]Card 17++++++++++++++++++++[/!!!!]
[q]What’s the enzyme that connects nucleotides to growing strands during replication?
[textentry]
[a]The enzyme that connects nucleotides to growing strands during replication is DNA polymerase.
[!!!!!]Card 18++++++++++++++++++++[/!!!!]
[q]The nucleic acid that is double stranded is __________.
[textentry]
[a]The nucleic acid that is double stranded is DNA.
[!!!!!]Card 19++++++++++++++++++++[/!!!!]
[q]A sequence of DNA that codes for a specific protein (or an RNA molecule) is a __________.
[textentry]
[a]A sequence of DNA that codes for a specific protein (or an RNA molecule) is a gene.
[!!!!!]Card 20++++++++++++++++++++[/!!!!]
[q]The nitrogenous base that binds with cytosine is ___________.
[textentry]
[a]The nitrogenous base that binds with cytosine is guanine.
[!!!!!]Card 21++++++++++++++++++++[/!!!!]
[q]DNA is the molecule of ___________.
[textentry]
[a]DNA is the molecule of heredity.
[!!!!!]Card 22++++++++++++++++++++[/!!!!]
[q]A synonym for addition mutation would be a(n)_________ mutation.
[textentry]
[a]A synonym for addition mutation would be an insertion mutation.
[!!!!!]Card 23++++++++++++++++++++[/!!!!]
[q]The molecule that brings DNA instructions out to the cytoplasm for translation is _____________.
[textentry]
[a]The molecule that brings DNA instructions out to the cytoplasm for translation is messenger RNA (or mRNA).
[!!!!!]Card 24++++++++++++++++++++[/!!!!]
[q]The organelle that takes food, and converts it into a form that cells can easily use is the __________.
[textentry]
[a]The organelle that takes food, and converts it into a form that cells can easily use is the mitochondria.
[!!!!!]Card 25++++++++++++++++++++[/!!!!]
[q]A building block of a macromolecule is a __________.
[textentry]
[a]A building block of a macromolecule is a monomer.
[!!!!!]Card 26++++++++++++++++++++[/!!!!]
[q]A substance or type of energy that can cause a change in DNA is called a ____________.
[textentry]
[a]A substance or type of energy that can cause a change in DNA is called a mutagen.
[!!!!!]Card 27++++++++++++++++++++[/!!!!]
[q]A change in a DNA sequence is called a(n) _________.
[textentry]
[a]A change in a DNA sequence is called a mutation.
[!!!!!]Card 28++++++++++++++++++++[/!!!!]
[q]Adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine, and uracil are examples of _____________.
[textentry]
[a]Adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine, and uracil are examples of nitrogenous bases.
[!!!!!]Card 29++++++++++++++++++++[/!!!!]
[q]DNA and RNA are both ___________.
[textentry]
[a]DNA and RNA are both nucleic acids.
[!!!!!]Card 30++++++++++++++++++++[/!!!!]
[q]The monomers of nucleic acids are ______________
[textentry]
[a]The monomers of nucleic acids are nucleotides
[!!!!!]Card 31++++++++++++++++++++[/!!!!]
[q]In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the __________.
[textentry]
[a]In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus.
[!!!!!]Card 32++++++++++++++++++++[/!!!!]
[q]In the backbone of DNA, deoxyribose sugars alternate with __________.
[a]In the backbone of DNA, deoxyribose sugars alternate with phosphate groups.
[!!!!!]Card 33++++++++++++++++++++[/!!!!]
[q]The molecules that make up the main structure of cell membranes are __________.
[textentry]
[a]The molecules that make up the main structure of cell membranes are phospholipids.
[!!!!!]Card 34++++++++++++++++++++[/!!!!]
[q]A change in DNA that involves only one nucleotide is known as a(n) __________.
[textentry]
[a]A change in DNA that involves only one nucleotide is known as a point mutation.
[!!!!!]Card 35++++++++++++++++++++[/!!!!]
[q]A polypeptide is a(n) _____._____ _______.
[textentry]
[a]A polypeptide is a chain of amino acids.
[!!!!!]Card 36++++++++++++++++++++[/!!!!]
[q]When a polypeptide folds into its functional, three dimensional shape, it’s a(n) __________.
[textentry]
[a]When a polypeptide folds into its functional, three dimensional shape, it’s a protein.
[!!!!!]Card 37++++++++++++++++++++[/!!!!]
[q]In molecular genetics, a synonym for translation is __________
[a]In molecular genetics, a synonym for translation is protein synthesis.
[!!!!!]Card 38++++++++++++++++++++[/!!!!]
[q]The specific grouping of mRNA nucleotides that results in the correct translation of codons into the amino acids in a protein is the ___________.
[textentry]
[a]The specific grouping of mRNA nucleotides that results in the correct translation of codons into the amino acids in a protein is the reading frame
[!!!!!]Card 39++++++++++++++++++++[/!!!!]
[q]An insertion or deletion mutation that changes the reading frame is a ___________ mutation.
[textentry]
[a]An insertion or deletion mutation that changes the reading frame is a frameshift mutation.
[!!!!!]Card 40++++++++++++++++++++[/!!!!]
[q]The process of creating new DNA is _________.
[textentry]
[a]The process of creating new DNA is replication.
[!!!!!]Card 41++++++++++++++++++++[/!!!!]
[q]The sugar in RNA is ___________.
[textentry]
[a]The sugar in RNA is ribose.
[!!!!!]Card 42++++++++++++++++++++[/!!!!]
[q]The two subunit particle that translates codons into amino acids is the __________.
[textentry]
[a]The two subunit particle that translates codons into amino acids is the ribosome.
[!!!!!]Card 43++++++++++++++++++++[/!!!!]
[q]The nucleic acid that moves from the nucleus to the cytoplasm is __________.
[textentry]
[a]The nucleic acid that moves from the nucleus to the cytoplasm is RNA.
[!!!!!]Card 44++++++++++++++++++++[/!!!!]
[q]The enzyme that synthesizes an RNA transcript from a DNA template is _________.
[textentry]
[a]The enzyme that synthesizes an RNA transcript from a DNA template is RNA polymerase.
[!!!!!]Card 45++++++++++++++++++++[/!!!!]
[q]A mutation that changes a DNA sequence but does not change the polypeptide that the DNA codes for is a(n) _____________.
[textentry]
[a]A mutation that changes a DNA sequence but does not change the polypeptide that the DNA codes for is a silent mutation.
[!!!!!]Card 46++++++++++++++++++++[/!!!!]
[q]The three bases that indicate where translation begins make up the ___________.
[textentry]
[a]The three bases that indicate where translation begins make up the start codon.
[!!!!!]Card 47++++++++++++++++++++[/!!!!]
[q]Any one of several codons that indicate where translation of mRNA ends is a(n) __________.
[textentry]
[a]Any one of several codons that indicate where translation of mRNA ends is a stop codon.
[!!!!!]Card 48++++++++++++++++++++[/!!!!]
[q]A mutation that changes one DNA nucleotide for another one is a ___________ mutation.
[a]A mutation that changes one DNA nucleotide for another one is a substitution mutation.
[!!!!!]Card 49++++++++++++++++++++[/!!!!]
[q]The part of a nucleic acid that doesn’t have information consists of alternating ________ and ___________.
[textentry]
[a]The part of a nucleic acid that doesn’t have information consists of alternating sugars and phosphates.
[!!!!!]Card 50++++++++++++++++++++[/!!!!]
[q]During both transcription and replication, DNA strands serve as __________ for synthesis of either RNA or new DNA.
[textentry]
[a]During both transcription and replication, DNA strands serve as templates for synthesis of either RNA or new DNA.
[!!!!!]Card 51++++++++++++++++++++[/!!!!]
[q]In RNA, the nitrogenous base that does not occur is __________.
[textentry]
[a]In RNA, the nitrogenous base that does not occur is thymine.
[!!!!!]Card 52++++++++++++++++++++[/!!!!]
[q]Creating RNA from DNA is known as ____________
[textentry]
[a]Creating RNA from DNA is known as transcription
[!!!!!]Card 53++++++++++++++++++++[/!!!!]
[q]The RNA molecule that brings amino acids to the ribosome during translation is ________.
[textentry]
[a]The RNA molecule that brings amino acids to the ribosome during translation is transfer RNA.
[!!!!!]Card 54++++++++++++++++++++[/!!!!]
[q]In molecular genetics, a synonym for protein synthesis is __________.
[textentry]
[a]In molecular genetics, a synonym for protein synthesis is translation.
[!!!!!]Card 55++++++++++++++++++++[/!!!!]
[q]In RNA, adenine binds with ________.
[textentry]
[a]In RNA, adenine binds with uracil.
[x]
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