Nervous System, Cumulative Assessment

[qwiz random = “true” qrecord_id=”sciencemusicvideosMeister1961-Nervous System, Cumulative Assessment, M28″] [h]

Nervous System, Cumulative Assessment

[i]

[q] The cell that is the basic building block of the nervous system:

[hangman]

[c]IG5ldXJvbg==[Qq]

[f]IEdvb2Qh[Qq]

[q] The brain and spinal cord make up the ____________ nervous system

[hangman]

[c]IGNlbnRyYWw=[Qq]

[f]IEV4Y2VsbGVudCE=[Qq]

[q] The motor and sensory neurons in your arms, legs, etc., are part of the __________ nervous system

[hangman]

[c]IHBlcmlwaGVyYWw=[Qq]

[f]IENvcnJlY3Qh[Qq]

[q] The branches of the neuron responsible for input are the _________

[hangman]

[c]IGRlbmRyaXRlcw==[Qq]

[f]IENvcnJlY3Qh[Qq]

[q] The part of the neuron responsible for output is the __________

[hangman]

[c]IGF4b24=[Qq]

[f]IENvcnJlY3Qh[Qq]

[q] Neurons meet their targets at a

[hangman]

[c]IHN5bmFwc2U=[Qq]

[f]IEdyZWF0IQ==[Qq]

[q] The neurons that connect sensory neurons and motor neurons (and which are found in the brain and spinal cord) are

[hangman]

[c]IGludGVybmV1cm9ucw==[Qq]

[f]IEV4Y2VsbGVudCE=[Qq]

[q multiple_choice=”true”] In the diagram below, ligand-gated ion channels would most likely be found at 

[c]IDPCoC DCoCA=[Qq][c]wqAgwqAgwqA=[Qq][c]IDbCoCDCoA==[Qq][c]IDg=

Cg==[Qq]

[f]IEV4Y2VsbGVudC4gTGlnYW5kLWdhdGVkIGlvbiBjaGFubmVscyBhcmUgbW9zdCBsaWtlbHkgdG8gYmUgZm91bmQgYXQgZGVuZHJpdGVzLg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiA0IGlzIHRoZSBheG9uIGhpbGxvY2suIEl0JiM4MjE3O3Mgd2hlcmUgc3VtbWF0aW9uIG9jY3Vycy4gSGVyZSYjODIxNztzIGEgaGludDogWW91JiM4MjE3O3JlIGxvb2tpbmcgZm9yIGEgcGFydCBvZiBhIG5ldXJvbiB0aGF0IHJlY2VpdmVzIGlucHV0Lg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBOdW1iZXIgNiBpcyBhIFNjaHdhbm4gY2VsbCwgcmVzcG9uc2libGUgZm9yIHBhcnRpYWxseSBpbnN1bGF0aW5nIHRoZSBheG9uIGluIGEgd2F5IHRoYXQgc3BlZWRzIHVwIG5lcnZlIGltcHVsc2VzLiBIZXJlJiM4MjE3O3MgYSBoaW50OiB3aGljaCBwYXJ0IG9mIHRoZSBuZXVyb24gcmVjZWl2ZXMgaW5wdXQsIGluIHRoZSBmb3JtIG9mIG5ldXJvdHJhbnNtaXR0ZXJzLCBmcm9tIG90aGVyIGNlbGxzPw==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBOdW1iZXIgOCBpcyB0aGUgdGlwIG9mIGFuIGF4b24gKGNhbGxlZCBhbiBheG9uYWwgYnVsYikuIEl0JiM4MjE3O3Mgd2hlcmUgbmV1cm90cmFuc21pdHRlciB3aWxsIGJlIHJlbGVhc2VkLsKgSGVyZSYjODIxNztzIGEgaGludDogWW91JiM4MjE3O3JlIGxvb2tpbmcgZm9yIGEgcGFydCBvZiBhIG5ldXJvbiB0aGF0IHJlY2VpdmVzIGlucHV0Lg==[Qq]

[q multiple_choice=”true”] In the diagram below, neurotransmitters will be released at 

[c]IDPCoCDCoCA=[Qq][c]IDTCoCDCoCA=[Qq][c]IDbCoCDCoCDCoA==[Qq][c]ID g=

Cg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBOdW1iZXIgMyBpcyBhIGRlbmRyaXRlLiBJdCYjODIxNztzIHdoZXJlIG5ldXJvdHJhbnNtaXR0ZXJzIG1pZ2h0IGJlIHJlY2VpdmVkLCBidXQgbm90IHJlbGVhc2VkLsKgSGVyZSYjODIxNztzIGEgaGludDogdGhlIG5ldXJvdHJhbnNtaXR0ZXIgd2lsbCBjb21tdW5pY2F0ZSB3aXRoIHRoZSBuZXh0IGNlbGwuIFdoaWNoIHBhcnQgb2YgYSBuZXVyb24gaXMgcmVzcG9uc2libGUgZm9yIG91dHB1dD8=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBOdW1iZXIgNCBpcyB0aGUgYXhvbiBoaWxsb2NrLiBJdCYjODIxNztzIHdoZXJlIHN1bW1hdGlvbiBvY2N1cnMuIEhlcmUmIzgyMTc7cyBhIGhpbnQ6IHRoZSBuZXVyb3RyYW5zbWl0dGVyIHdpbGwgY29tbXVuaWNhdGUgd2l0aCB0aGUgbmV4dCBjZWxsLiBXaGljaCBwYXJ0IG9mIGEgbmV1cm9uIGlzIHJlc3BvbnNpYmxlIGZvciBvdXRwdXQ/[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBOdW1iZXIgNiBpcyBhIFNjaHdhbm4gY2VsbC4gU2Nod2FubiBjZWxscyBwYXJ0aWFsbHkgaW5zdWxhdGUgYXhvbnMgaW4gYSB3YXkgdGhhdCBzcGVlZHMgbmVydmUgaW1wdWxzZSB0cmFuc21pc3Npb24uIEhlcmUmIzgyMTc7cyBhIGhpbnQ6IHRoZSBuZXVyb3RyYW5zbWl0dGVyIHdpbGwgY29tbXVuaWNhdGUgd2l0aCB0aGUgbmV4dCBjZWxsLiBXaGljaCBwYXJ0IG9mIGEgbmV1cm9uIGlzIHJlc3BvbnNpYmxlIGZvciBvdXRwdXQ/[Qq]

[f]IEV4Y2VsbGVudC4gTnVtYmVyIDggaXMgdGhlIHRpcCBvZiBhbiBheG9uIChjYWxsZWQgYW4gYXhvbmFsIGJ1bGIpLiBJdCYjODIxNztzIHdoZXJlIG5ldXJvdHJhbnNtaXR0ZXIgd2lsbCBiZSByZWxlYXNlZC4=[Qq]

[q multiple_choice=”true”] In the diagram below, which number indicates a part where an action potential would occur?

[c]IDLCoCDCoA==[Qq][c]IDPCoCDCoA==[Qq][c]IDbCoCDCoA==[Qq][c]ID c=

Cg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBOdW1iZXIgMiBpcyB0aGUgbnVjbGV1cy4gTG9vayBmb3IgYSBwYXJ0IHRoYXQmIzgyMTc7cyBjb25uZWN0ZWQgdG8gdGhlIG5ldXJvbiYjODIxNztzIG1lbWJyYW5lLg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBOdW1iZXIgMyBpcyBhIGRlbmRyaXRlLiBJdCYjODIxNztzIHdoZXJlIG5ldXJvdHJhbnNtaXR0ZXJzIGFyZSByZWNlaXZlZCBhbmQgd2hlcmUgZ3JhZGVkIGRlcG9sYXJpemF0aW9ucyBvY2N1ci4gQW4gYWN0aW9uIHBvdGVudGlhbCB3b3VsZCBoYXBwZW4gZnVydGhlciBvbiBkb3duIHRoZSBjZWxsLg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBOdW1iZXIgc2l4IGlzIGEgU2Nod2FubiBjZWxsLiBTY2h3YW5uIGNlbGxzIHBhcnRpYWxseSBpbnN1bGF0ZSBheG9ucyBpbiBhIHdheSB0aGF0IHNwZWVkcyBuZXJ2ZSBpbXB1bHNlIHRyYW5zbWlzc2lvbi4=[Qq]

[f]IEV4Y2VsbGVudC4gTnVtYmVyIDcgaXMgYSBOb2RlIG9mIFJhbnZpZXIuIEluIGEgbXllbGluYXRlZCBheG9uLCBhY3Rpb24gcG90ZW50aWFscyBqdW1wIGZyb20gb25lIE5vZGUgb2YgUmFudmllciB0byB0aGUgbmV4dC4=[Qq]

[q multiple_choice=”true”] In the diagram below, which number indicates a specialized cell that partially insulates the axon, resulting in saltatory conduction?

[c]IDLCoCDCoCDCoCA=[Qq][c]IDPCoCDCoCA=[Qq][c]IDbCoC DCoCA=[Qq][c]IDg=

Cg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBOdW1iZXIgMiBpcyB0aGUgbnVjbGV1cy4gTG9vayBmb3IgYSBwYXJ0IHRoYXQmIzgyMTc7cyBjb25uZWN0ZWQgdG8gdGhlIG5ldXJvbiYjODIxNztzIG1lbWJyYW5lLg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBOdW1iZXIgMyBpcyBhIGRlbmRyaXRlLiBMb29rIGZvciBhIHBhcnQgd2hlcmUgYW4gYWN0aW9uIHBvdGVudGlhbCBtaWdodCBvY2N1ci4=[Qq]

[f]IEZhYnVsb3VzLiBOdW1iZXIgNiBpcyBhIFNjaHdhbm4gY2VsbC4gU2Nod2FubiBjZWxscyBwYXJ0aWFsbHkgaW5zdWxhdGUgYXhvbnMgaW4gYSB3YXkgdGhhdCBzcGVlZHMgbmVydmUgaW1wdWxzZSB0cmFuc21pc3Npb24gYnkgY3JlYXRpbmcgdGhlIGNvbmRpdGlvbnMgZm9yIHNhbHRhdG9yeSBjb25kdWN0aW9uIChjb25kdWN0aW9uIHdoaWNoIGp1bXBzIGZyb20gbm9kZSB0byBub2RlKS4=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBOdW1iZXIgOCByZXByZXNlbnRzIHRoZSB0aXAgb2YgYW4gYXhvbi4gU2FsdGF0b3J5IGNvbmR1Y3Rpb24gb2NjdXJzIGFsb25nIHRoZSBsZW5ndGggb2YgdGhlIGF4b24u[Qq]

[q multiple_choice=”true”] When an action potential reaches this area, voltage-gated calcium channels will open.

[c]IDPCoCA=[Qq][c]IDTCoCA=[Qq][c]IDbCoCDCoA==[Qq][c]ID g=

Cg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBOdW1iZXIgMyBpcyBhIGRlbmRyaXRlLiBJdCYjODIxNztzIHdoZXJlIG5ldXJvdHJhbnNtaXR0ZXJzIGFuZCBvdGhlciBpbnB1dCBhcmUgcmVjZWl2ZWQuwqBIZXJlJiM4MjE3O3MgYSBoaW50OiB0aGUgdm9sdGFnZSBnYXRlZCBjYWxjaXVtIGNoYW5uZWxzIGFyZSBhc3NvY2lhdGVkIHdpdGggcmVsZWFzZSBvZiBuZXVyb3RyYW5zbWl0dGVyLiBXaGVyZSBkb2VzIHRoYXQgaGFwcGVuPw==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiA0IGlzIHRoZSBheG9uIGhpbGxvY2suIEl0JiM4MjE3O3Mgd2hlcmUgc3VtbWF0aW9uIG9jY3Vycy4gSGVyZSYjODIxNztzIGEgaGludDogeW91JiM4MjE3O3JlIGxvb2tpbmcgZm9yIHNvbWV0aGluZyB0aGF0JiM4MjE3O3MgYXNzb2NpYXRlZCB3aXRoIG5ldXJvdHJhbnNtaXR0ZXIgcmVsZWFzZS4gV2hlcmUgZG9lcyB0aGF0IGhhcHBlbj8=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBOdW1iZXIgc2l4IGlzIGEgU2Nod2FubiBjZWxsLiBTY2h3YW5uIGNlbGxzIGFyZSBhc3NvY2lhdGVkIHdpdGggc2FsdGF0b3J5IGNvbmR1Y3Rpb24uwqBIZXJlJiM4MjE3O3MgYSBoaW50OiB5b3UmIzgyMTc7cmUgbG9va2luZyBmb3Igc29tZXRoaW5nIHRoYXQmIzgyMTc7cyBhc3NvY2lhdGVkIHdpdGggbmV1cm90cmFuc21pdHRlciByZWxlYXNlLiBXaGVyZSBkb2VzIHRoYXQgaGFwcGVuPw==[Qq]

[f]IEV4Y2VsbGVudC4gTnVtYmVyIDggaXMgdGhlIHRpcCBvZiBhbiBheG9uIChjYWxsZWQgYW4gYXhvbmFsIGJ1bGIpLiBBdCB0aGlzIHJlZ2lvbiBvZiBhIG5ldXJvbiwgYW4gYWN0aW9uIHBvdGVudGlhbCB3aWxsIGluZHVjZSB2b2x0YWdlLWdhdGVkIGNhbGNpdW0gY2hhbm5lbHMgdG8gb3Blbi4gVGhlIGluZmx1eCBvZiBjYWxjaXVtIGlvbnMgd2lsbCwgaW4gdHVybiwgaW5kdWNlIHRoZSByZWxlYXNlIG9mIG5ldXJvdHJhbnNtaXR0ZXJzLg==[Qq]

[q] A nerve impulse is a wave of charged ______, diffusing across the membrane of a nerve cell, moving down the length of the cell.[hangman]

[c]IGlvbnM=[Qq]

[f]IEdvb2Qh[Qq]

[q multiple_choice=”true”] The best description of the diagram below is

[c]IHRoZSBoZWlnaHQgb2YgYW4gYWN0aW9uIHBvdGVudGlhbC4=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBUaGUgYWN0aW9uIHBvdGVudGlhbCBpcyBhIGRlcG9sYXJpemF0aW9uIG9mIHRoZSBtZW1icmFuZS4gQXQgaXRzIGhlaWdodCwgbWVtYnJhbmUgcG90ZW50aWFsIGlzIHR5cGljYWxseSBzb21lIHBvc2l0aXZlIHZhbHVlLCBhYm91dCAzNSBtVi4=[Qq]

[c]IHRocmVzaG9sZCBwb3RlbnRpYWwu[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBUaGUgdGhyZXNob2xkIHBvdGVudGlhbCBpcyB0eXBpY2FsbHkgYWJvdXQgLTUwIG1WLg==[Qq]

[c]IHJlc3RpbmcgcG 90ZW50aWFsLg==[Qq]

[f]IE5pY2Ugam9iLiBSZXN0aW5nIHBvdGVudGlhbCBpcyB0eXBpY2FsbHkgYWJvdXQgLTcwIG1W[Qq]

[c]IHRoZSB1bmRlcnNob290Lg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBUaGUgdW5kZXJzaG9vdCBpcyBhIGh5cGVycG9sYXJpemF0aW9uIG9mIHRoZSBtZW1icmFuZSB0byBhIHZhbHVlIHRoYXQmIzgyMTc7cyBldmVuIG1vcmUgbmVnYXRpdmUgdGhhbiB0aGUgdmFsdWUgZHVyaW5nIHRoZSByZXN0aW5nIHBvdGVudGlhbC4gVW5kZXJzaG9vdCB2YWx1ZXMgYXJlIGFib3V0IC04MCBtVi4=[Qq]

[q multiple_choice=”true”] Which of the following is most directly responsible for creating a neuron’s resting potential?

[c]IFZvbHRhZ2UtZ2F0ZWQgaW9uIGNoYW5uZWxz[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBWb2x0YWdlLWdhdGVkIGlvbiBjaGFubmVscyBhbGxvdyBmb3IgZmFjaWxpdGF0ZWQgZGlmZnVzaW9uLCB1c2luZyBhIGdyYWRpZW50IGNyZWF0ZWQgYnkgdGhlIGNlbGwmIzgyMTc7cyByZXN0aW5nIHBvdGVudGlhbC4gVGhlIHBhcnQgdGhhdCYjODIxNztzIG1vc3QgZGlyZWN0bHkgcmVzcG9uc2libGUgZm9yIGNyZWF0aW5nIHRoZSByZXN0aW5nIHBvdGVudGlhbCBpcyBzaG93biBpbiB0aGUgZGlhZ3JhbSBiZWxvdy4=

Cg==

[Qq]

[c]IExpZ2FuZC1nYXRlZCBpb24gY2hhbm5lbHM=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBMaWdhbmQtZ2F0ZWQgaW9uIGNoYW5uZWxzIGFsbG93IGZvciBmYWNpbGl0YXRlZCBkaWZmdXNpb24sIHVzaW5nIGEgZ3JhZGllbnQgY3JlYXRlZCBieSB0aGUgY2VsbCYjODIxNztzIHJlc3RpbmcgcG90ZW50aWFsLiBUaGUgcGFydCB0aGF0JiM4MjE3O3MgbW9zdCBkaXJlY3RseSByZXNwb25zaWJsZSBmb3IgY3JlYXRpbmcgdGhlIHJlc3RpbmcgcG90ZW50aWFsIGlzIHNob3duIGluIHRoZSBkaWFncmFtIGJlbG93Lg==

Cg==

[Qq]

[c]IFRoZSBzb2RpdW0tcG 90YXNzaXVtIHB1bXA=[Qq]

[f]IEV4Y2VsbGVudC4gVGhlIHNvZGl1bSBwb3Rhc3NpdW0gcHVtcCAoc2hvd24gYmVsb3cgYXQgbnVtYmVyIDQpIGRvZXMgdGhlIHdvcmsgdGhhdCBjcmVhdGVzIHRoZSByZXN0aW5nIHBvdGVudGlhbC4=

Cg==

[Qq]

[c]IEFUUCBzeW50aGFzZQ==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBBVFAgc3ludGhhc2UgdXNlcyBhIHByb3RvbiBncmFkaWVudCBjcmVhdGVkIGJ5IHRoZSBlbGVjdHJvbiB0cmFuc3BvcnQgdHJhaW4gdG8gc3ludGhlc2l6ZSBBVFAuIEJ1dCB3aGlsZSBBVFDCoCAoc2hvd24gYXQgNSBiZWxvdykgcG93ZXJzIHRoZSBjcmVhdGlvbiBvZiB0aGUgY2VsbCYjODIxNztzIHJlc3RpbmcgcG90ZW50aWFsLCB0aGVyZSYjODIxNztzIGEgbW9yZSBkaXJlY3QgYW5zd2VyIGluIHRoaXMgbGlzdCBvZiBjaG9pY2VzwqAoYW5kIGl0JiM4MjE3O3MgYWxzbyBzaG93biBpbiB0aGUgZGlhZ3JhbSBiZWxvdyku

Cg==

[Qq]

[c]IHRoZSBtaXRvY2hvbmRyaWFsIGVsZWN0cm9uIHRyYW5zcG9ydCBjaGFpbi4=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBUaGUgbWl0b2Nob25kcmlhbCBlbGVjdHJvbiB0cmFuc3BvcnQgY2hhaW4gY3JlYXRlcyBhIHByb3RvbiBncmFkaWVudCwgYW5kIHRoYXQgcHJvdG9uIGdyYWRpZW50IGlzIHVzZWQgYnkgQVRQIHN5bnRoYXNlIHRvIGNyZWF0ZSBBVFAuIEJ1dCB3aGlsZSBBVFDCoCAoc2hvd24gYXQgNSBiZWxvdykgcG93ZXJzIHRoZSBjcmVhdGlvbiBvZiB0aGUgY2VsbCYjODIxNztzIHJlc3RpbmcgcG90ZW50aWFsLCB0aGVyZSYjODIxNztzIGEgbW9yZSBkaXJlY3QgYW5zd2VyIGluIHRoaXMgbGlzdCBvZiBjaG9pY2VzIChhbmQgaXQmIzgyMTc7cyBhbHNvIHNob3duIGluIHRoZSBkaWFncmFtIGJlbG93KS4=

Cg==

[Qq]

[q multiple_choice=”true”] The best description of A in the diagram below is a

[c]IG1lY2hhbmljYWxseS1nYX RlZCBpb24gY2hhbm5lbA==[Qq]

[f]IEV4Y2VsbGVudC4gVGhlIGFycm93IGF0IEIgcmVwcmVzZW50cyBhIGZvcmNlIHRoYXQgZGVmb3JtcyB0aGUgbWVtYnJhbmUuIEluIHJlc3BvbnNlLCB0aGUgY2hhbm5lbCBhdCBBIG9wZW5zIHVwLCBhbGxvd2luZyBpb25zIHRvIGZsb3cgdGhyb3VnaC4=[Qq]

[c]IGxpZ2FuZC1nYXRlZCBpb24gY2hhbm5lbA==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBJZiB0aGlzIHdlcmUgYSBsaWdhbmQtZ2F0ZWQgY2hhbm5lbCwgaXQgd291bGQgbG9vayBsaWtlIEQgYmVsb3cu

Cg==

[Qq]

[c]IHZvbHRhZ2UtZ2F0ZWQgaW9uIGNoYW5uZWw=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBJZiB0aGlzIHdlcmUgYSB2b2x0YWdlLWdhdGVkIGNoYW5uZWwsIGl0IHdvdWxkIGxvb2sgbGlrZSBFIGJlbG93IChhbmQgb3BlbiBpbiByZXNwb25zZSB0byBhIHNoaWZ0IGluIHZvbHRhZ2UpLg==

Cg==

[Qq]

[c]IGFjdGl2ZSB0cmFuc3BvcnQgcHVtcA==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBBbiBhY3RpdmUgdHJhbnNwb3J0IHB1bXAgd291bGQgYmUgcmVwcmVzZW50ZWQgYXMgc29tZXRoaW5nIHRoYXQgbW92ZXMgcGFydGljbGVzIG9yIGlvbnMgZnJvbSBsZXNzZXIgY29uY2VudHJhdGlvbiB0byBoaWdoZXIgY29uY2VudHJhdGlvbiAob3IgdXAgYSBjb25jZW50cmF0aW9uIGdyYWRpZW50KSwgYXMgc2hvd24gaW4gdGhlIGRpYWdyYW0gb2YgdGhlIHNvZGl1bS1wb3Rhc3NpdW0gcHVtcCBiZWxvdy4=

Cg==

[Qq]

[q multiple_choice=”true”] What’s happening in diagram “F” below would be associated with which number in the graph on the left?

[c]IDEg[Qq][c]ID Mg[Qq][c]IDQg[Qq][c]IDU=

Cg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBOdW1iZXIgMSByZXByZXNlbnRzIHRoZSByZXN0aW5nIHBvdGVudGlhbCAoYWJvdXQgLTcwIG1WKS4gQWxsIHZvbHRhZ2UtZ2F0ZWQgaW9uIGNoYW5uZWxzIHdvdWxkIGJlIGNsb3NlZC4gRiBpcyBhIHZvbHRhZ2UtZ2F0ZWQgc29kaXVtIGlvbiBjaGFubmVsIHRoYXQgb3BlbnMgd2hlbiBhIGdyYWRlZCBkZXBvbGFyaXphdGlvbiByYWlzZXMgdGhlIG1lbWJyYW5lIHBvdGVudGlhbCB0byBhYm91dCAtNTAgbVYsIGFuZCBjbG9zZXMgd2hlbiBpdCByZWFjaGVzIGFib3V0IDMwbVYuIFdoaWNoIHBhcnQgb2YgdGhlIGdyYXBoIHJlcHJlc2VudHMgdGhvc2UgY29uZGl0aW9ucz8=[Qq]

[f]IEV4Y2VsbGVudCHCoEYgaXMgYSB2b2x0YWdlLWdhdGVkIHNvZGl1bSBpb24gY2hhbm5lbCB0aGF0IG9wZW5zIHdoZW4gYSBncmFkZWQgZGVwb2xhcml6YXRpb24gcmFpc2VzIHRoZSBtZW1icmFuZSBwb3RlbnRpYWwgdG8gLTUwIG1WLCBhbmQgY2xvc2VzIHdoZW4gaXQgcmVhY2hlcyArMzAgbVYuIFRob3NlIGFyZSBleGFjdGx5IHRoZSBjb25kaXRpb25zIHJlZmxlY3RlZCBieSBudW1iZXIgMyAod2hpY2ggaXMgYWxzbyBrbm93biBhcyB0aGUgcmlzaW5nIHBoYXNlIG9mIHRoZSBhY3Rpb24gcG90ZW50aWFsKS4=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBOdW1iZXIgNCByZXByZXNlbnRzIHRoZSBmYWxsaW5nIHBoYXNlIG9mIHRoZSBhY3Rpb24gcG90ZW50aWFsLsKgRiBpcyBhIHZvbHRhZ2UtZ2F0ZWQgc29kaXVtIGlvbiBjaGFubmVsIHRoYXQgb3BlbnMgd2hlbiBhIGdyYWRlZCBkZXBvbGFyaXphdGlvbiByYWlzZXMgbWVtYnJhbmUgcG90ZW50aWFsIHRvIGFib3V0IC01MCBtViwgYW5kIGNsb3NlcyB3aGVuIGl0IHJlYWNoZXMgYWJvdXQgKzMwIG1WLiBXaGljaCBwYXJ0IG9mIHRoZSBncmFwaCByZXByZXNlbnRzIHRob3NlIGNvbmRpdGlvbnM/[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBOdW1iZXIgNSByZXByZXNlbnRzIHRoZSB1bmRlcnNob290LsKgRiBpcyBhIHNvZGl1bSBpb24gY2hhbm5lbCB0aGF0IG9wZW5zIHdoZW4gYSBncmFkZWQgZGVwb2xhcml6YXRpb24gcmFpc2VzIG1lbWJyYW5lIHBvdGVudGlhbCB0byBhYm91dCAtNTAgbVYsIGFuZCBjbG9zZXMgd2hlbiBpdCByZWFjaGVzIGFib3V0IDMwIG1WLsKgIFdoaWNoIHBhcnQgb2YgdGhlIGdyYXBoIHJlcHJlc2VudHMgdGhvc2UgY29uZGl0aW9ucz8=[Qq]

[q multiple_choice=”true”] What’s happening in diagram “G” below would be associated with which number on the graph on the left (note: the triangles represents potassium ions)?

[c]IDEg[Qq][c]IDMg[Qq][c]ID Qg[Qq][c]IDU=

Cg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBOdW1iZXIgMSByZXByZXNlbnRzIHRoZSByZXN0aW5nIHBvdGVudGlhbCAoYWJvdXQgLTcwIG1WKS4gQWxsIHZvbHRhZ2UtZ2F0ZWQgaW9uIGNoYW5uZWxzIHdvdWxkIGJlIGNsb3NlZC4gRyBpcyBhIHZvbHRhZ2UtZ2F0ZWQgcG90YXNzaXVtIGlvbiBjaGFubmVsIHRoYXQgb3BlbnMgYWZ0ZXI=IHRoZSByaXNpbmcgcGhhc2Ugb2YgdGhlIGFjdGlvbiBwb3RlbnRpYWwsIHdoaWNoIGNhdXNlcyBhIGRlcG9sYXJpemF0aW9uIG9mIGFib3V0IDMwIG1WLsKgIFdoaWNoIHBhcnQgb2YgdGhlIGdyYXBoIHJlcHJlc2VudHMgdGhvc2UgY29uZGl0aW9ucz8=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBIZXJlJiM4MjE3O3MgYSBoaW50LiBOdW1iZXIgMyByZXByZXNlbnRzIHRoZSByaXNpbmcgcGhhc2Ugb2YgdGhlIGFjdGlvbiBwb3RlbnRpYWwsIHdoaWNoIGNhdXNlcyBhIGRlcG9sYXJpemF0aW9uIG9mIGFib3V0IDMwIG1WLiBHIGlzIGEgdm9sdGFnZS1nYXRlZCBwb3Rhc3NpdW0gaW9uIGNoYW5uZWwgdGhhdCBvcGVucyA=YWZ0ZXI=IHRoZSByaXNpbmcgcGhhc2Ugb2YgdGhlIGFjdGlvbiBwb3RlbnRpYWwu[Qq]

[f]IEZhYnVsb3VzISBOdW1iZXIgNCByZXByZXNlbnRzIHRoZSBmYWxsaW5nIHBoYXNlIG9mIHRoZSBhY3Rpb24gcG90ZW50aWFsLiBUaGF0JiM4MjE3O3Mgd2hlbiB2b2x0YWdlLWdhdGVkIHBvdGFzc2l1bSBpb24gY2hhbm5lbHMgKGxpa2UgdGhlIG9uZSByZXByZXNlbnRlZCBieSAmIzgyMjA7RyYjODIyMTspIHdvdWxkIG9wZW4u[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBOdW1iZXIgNSByZXByZXNlbnRzIHRoZSB1bmRlcnNob290LiBIZXJlJiM4MjE3O3MgYSBoaW50LiBHIGlzIGEgdm9sdGFnZSBnYXRlZC1wb3Rhc3NpdW0gaW9uIGNoYW5uZWwgdGhhdCBvcGVucyA=YWZ0ZXI=IHRoZSByaXNpbmcgcGhhc2Ugb2YgdGhlIGFjdGlvbiBwb3RlbnRpYWwu[Qq]

[q multiple_choice=”true”] The diagram in the inset below would be associated with which phase of the graph?

[c]IDEg[Qq][c]ID Ig[Qq][c]IDMg[Qq][c]IDQ=

Cg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBOdW1iZXIgMSByZXByZXNlbnRzIHRoZSByZXN0aW5nIHBvdGVudGlhbC4gSW4gdGhlIGluc2V0LCBzb2RpdW0gaW9uIGNoYW5uZWxzIGFyZSBvcGVuIGFuZCBwb3Rhc3NpdW0gaW9uIGNoYW5uZWxzIGFyZSBjbG9zZWQuIFdoZW4gZG9lcyB0aGF0IGhhcHBlbj8=[Qq]

[f]IEdyZWF0IGpvYi4gTnVtYmVyIDIgcmVwcmVzZW50cyB0aGUgcmlzaW5nIHBoYXNlIG9mIHRoZSBhY3Rpb24gcG90ZW50aWFsLCBkdXJpbmcgd2hpY2ggdm9sdGFnZS1nYXRlZCBzb2RpdW0gaW9uIGNoYW5uZWxzIGFyZSBvcGVuIGFuZCB2b2x0YWdlLWdhdGVkIHBvdGFzc2l1bSBpb24gY2hhbm5lbHMgYXJlIGNsb3NlZC4=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBOdW1iZXIgMyByZXByZXNlbnRzIHRoZSBmYWxsaW5nIHBoYXNlIG9mIHRoZSBhY3Rpb24gcG90ZW50aWFsLiBJbiB0aGUgaW5zZXQsIHNvZGl1bSBpb24gY2hhbm5lbHMgYXJlIG9wZW4gYW5kIHBvdGFzc2l1bSBpb24gY2hhbm5lbHMgYXJlIGNsb3NlZC4gV2hlbiBkb2VzIHRoYXQgaGFwcGVuPw==[Qq]

[f]IE51bWJlciA0IHJlcHJlc2VudHMgdGhlIHVuZGVyc2hvb3QsIG9yIHJlZnJhY3RvcnkgcGVyaW9kLiBJbiB0aGUgaW5zZXQsIHNvZGl1bSBpb24gY2hhbm5lbHMgYXJlIG9wZW4gYW5kIHBvdGFzc2l1bSBpb24gY2hhbm5lbHMgYXJlIGNsb3NlZC4gV2hlbiBkb2VzIHRoYXQgaGFwcGVuPw==[Qq]

[q multiple_choice=”true”] How can you tell that the inset below does not represent the refractory period?

[c]IEJlY2F1c2UgdGhlIHNvZGl1bS1wb3Rhc3NpdW0gcHVtcCBpcyBhdCB3b3JrLg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBUaGUgc29kaXVtLXBvdGFzc2l1bSBwdW1wIGlzIGhhcmQgYXQgd29yayBkdXJpbmcgdGhlIHJlZnJhY3RvcnkgcGVyaW9kLCBhcyBpdCByZXN0b3JlcyB0aGUgcmVzdGluZyBwb3RlbnRpYWwgKG1vdmluZyBzb2RpdW0gaW9ucyBpbnRvIHRoZSBleHRyYWNlbGx1bGFyIGZsdWlkLCBhbmQgcG90YXNzaXVtIGlvbnMgaW50byB0aGUgY3l0b3BsYXNtKS4=[Qq]

[c]IEJlY2F1c2UgYm90aCBzb2RpdW0gaW9uIGFuZCBwb3Rhc3NpdW0gaW9uIHZvbHRhZ2UtZ2F0ZWQgY2hhbm5lbHMgYXJlIGNsb3NlZC4=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBEdXJpbmcgdGhlIHJlZnJhY3RvcnkgcGVyaW9kLCB2b2x0YWdlIGdhdGVkIGlvbiBjaGFubmVscyBmb3IgYm90aCBzb2RpdW0gYW5kIHBvdGFzc2l1bSBhcmUgY2xvc2VkLg==[Qq]

[c]IEJlY2F1c2Ugb2YgdGhlIGNvbmNlbnRyYXRpb24gZ3JhZGllbn RzIG9mIHRoZSBzb2RpdW0gYW5kIHBvdGFzc2l1bSBpb25zLg==[Qq]

[f]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[Qq]

[q multiple_choice=”true”] Which letter below represents a depolarization?

[c]IEHCoCDCoCDCoCA=[Qq][c]IELCoCDCoCDCoA==[Qq][c]IEPCoCDCoA==[Qq][c]IE Q=

Cg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBMZXR0ZXIgQSwgYXQganVzdCBhYm91dCAtNTAgbVYsIHJlcHJlc2VudHMgdGhlIHRocmVzaG9sZCBwb3RlbnRpYWwu[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBCIGlzIHRoZSByZXN0aW5nIHBvdGVudGlhbCwgYWJvdXQgLTcwIG1WLg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBDIGlzIGEgaHlwZXJwb2xhcml6YXRpb246IGEgcmVzcG9uc2UgdG8gYSBzdGltdWx1cyB0aGF0IG1ha2VzIHRoZSBtZW1icmFuZSBwb3RlbnRpYWwgbW9yZSBuZWdhdGl2ZSwgbW92aW5nIGl0IGF3YXkgZnJvbSB0aGUgdGhyZXNob2xkIGFuZCBtYWtpbmcgdGhlIG5ldXJvbiBsZXNzIGxpa2VseSB0byBmaXJlIGFuIGFjdGlvbiBwb3RlbnRpYWwu[Qq]

[f]IFRoYXQmIzgyMTc7cyByaWdodC4gRCBpcyBhIGRlcG9sYXJpemF0aW9uOiBhIHJlc3BvbnNlIHRvIGEgc3RpbXVsdXMgdGhhdCBtYWtlcyB0aGUgbWVtYnJhbmUgcG90ZW50aWFsIGxlc3MgbmVnYXRpdmUsIG1vdmluZyBpdCB0b3dhcmQgdGhlIHRocmVzaG9sZCBhbmQgbWFraW5nIHRoZSBuZXVyb24gbW9yZSBsaWtlbHkgdG8gZmlyZSBhbiBhY3Rpb24gcG90ZW50aWFsLg==[Qq]

[q multiple_choice=”true”] In the diagram below, an action potential is represented by

[c]ID Eg[Qq][c]IDIg[Qq][c]IDMg[Qq][c]IDQ=

Cg==[Qq]

[f]IEV4Y2VsbGVudC4gTnVtYmVyIDEgcmVwcmVzZW50cyBhbiBhY3Rpb24gcG90ZW50aWFsLg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBOdW1iZXIgMiByZXByZXNlbnRzIGEgcG9ydGlvbiBvZiB0aGUgbWVtYnJhbmUgdGhhdCYjODIxNztzIHN0aWxsIGF0IGl0cyByZXN0aW5nIHBvdGVudGlhbC4=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBOdW1iZXIgMyByZXByZXNlbnRzIGEgcG9ydGlvbiBvZiB0aGUgbWVtYnJhbmUgdGhhdCYjODIxNztzIGluIGl0cyByZWZyYWN0b3J5IHBlcmlvZC4=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBOdW1iZXIgNCByZXByZXNlbnRzIGEgcG9ydGlvbiBvZiB0aGUgbWVtYnJhbmUgdGhhdCBoYXMgcmV0dXJuZWQgdG8gaXRzIHJlc3RpbmcgcG90ZW50aWFsLg==[Qq]

[q multiple_choice=”true”] In the diagram below, which region contains a portion of membrane that would be experiencing a partial depolarization?

[c]IDEg[Qq][c]ID Ig[Qq][c]IDMg[Qq][c]IDQ=

Cg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBOdW1iZXIgMSByZXByZXNlbnRzIGFuIGFjdGlvbiBwb3RlbnRpYWwgKGEgY29tcGxldGUgZGVwb2xhcml6YXRpb24p[Qq]

[f]IFdheSB0byBnby4gVGhlIHBhcnQgb2YgbnVtYmVyIDIgdGhhdCYjODIxNztzIGltbWVkaWF0ZWx5IGFkamFjZW50IHRvIHRoZSBhY3Rpb24gcG90ZW50aWFsIChhdCAxKSB3b3VsZCBleHBlcmllbmNlIGEgcGFydGlhbCBkZXBvbGFyaXphdGlvbiBjYXVzZWQgYnkgdGhlIGluZmx1eCBvZiBzb2RpdW0gaW9ucyBmcm9tIHJlZ2lvbiAxLg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBOdW1iZXIgMyByZXByZXNlbnRzIGEgcG9ydGlvbiBvZiB0aGUgbWVtYnJhbmUgdGhhdCYjODIxNztzIGluIGl0cyByZWZyYWN0b3J5IHBlcmlvZC4gSXQmIzgyMTc7cyByZXBvbGFyaXppbmcu[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBOdW1iZXIgNCByZXByZXNlbnRzIGEgcG9ydGlvbiBvZiB0aGUgbWVtYnJhbmUgdGhhdCBoYXMgcmV0dXJuZWQgdG8gaXRzIHJlc3RpbmcgcG90ZW50aWFsLg==[Qq]

[q] When axons are myelinated (as shown below), nerve impulses move by _________ conduction.

[hangman]

[c]IHNhbHRhdG9yeQ==[Qq]

[f]IEdyZWF0IQ==[Qq]

[q multiple_choice=”true”] When “a” binds with “e,”

[c]IGFuIGFjdGlvbiBwb3RlbnRpYWwgbWlnaHQgb2NjdXI=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBBbiBhY3Rpb24gcG90ZW50aWFsIG1pZ2h0IG9jY3VyIGF0IHRoZSBheG9uIGhpbGxvY2ssIGJ1dCBvbmx5IGlmIHRoZSBtZW1icmFuZSBkZXBvbGFyaXplcyBhbGwgdGhlIHdheSB0byB0aGUgdGhyZXNob2xkIHBvdGVudGlhbC4gV2hhdCBjYXVzZXMgdGhlIG1lbWJyYW5lIHBvdGVudGlhbCB0byByZWFjaCB0aGUgdGhyZXNob2xkIHBvdGVudGlhbD8=[Qq]

[c]IGEgZ3JhZGVkIGRlcG9sYXJp emF0aW9uIG1pZ2h0IG9jY3Vy[Qq]

[f]IEV4YWN0bHkuIFRoZSByZWNlcHRvciBhdCAmIzgyMjA7ZCYjODIyMTsgaXMgYSBsaWdhbmQtZ2F0ZWQgaW9uIGNoYW5uZWwuIFdoZW4gaXQgYmluZHMgd2l0aCBuZXVyb3RyYW5zbWl0dGVyLCB0aGUgY2hhbm5lbCB3aWxsIG9wZW4uIElmIHRoYXQgY2hhbm5lbCBpcyBhIHNvZGl1bSBpb24gY2hhbm5lbCwgYSBncmFkZWQgZGVwb2xhcml6YXRpb24gd2lsbCBvY2N1ci4=[Qq]

[c]IHZvbHRhZ2Utc2Vuc2l0aXZlIGNhbGNpdW0gaW9uIGNoYW5uZWxzIG1pZ2h0IG9wZW4=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBWb2x0YWdlIHNlbnNpdGl2ZSBjYWxjaXVtIGNoYW5uZWxzIG9wZW4gd2hlbiBhY3Rpb24gcG90ZW50aWFscyBhcnJpdmUgYXQgdGhlIGF4b25hbCBidWxiLCB3aGljaCBoYXBwZW5zIGF0IHRoZSBwcmVzeW5hcHRpYyBheG9uLiBGaW5kIHNvbWV0aGluZyB0aGF0IGhhcHBlbnMgYXQgdGhlIHBvc3RzeW5hcHRpYyBkZW5kcml0ZS4=[Qq]

[c]IGF4b25hbCB2ZXNpY2xlcyBtaWdodCBmdXNlIHdpdGggdGhlIG1lbWJyYW5l[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBUaGF0JiM4MjE3O3Mgc29tZXRoaW5nIHRoYXQgaGFwcGVucyBhdCB0aGUgcHJlc3luYXB0aWMgYXhvbi7CoEZpbmQgc29tZXRoaW5nIHRoYXQgbWlnaHQgaGFwcGVuIGF0IHRoZSBwb3N0c3luYXB0aWMgZGVuZHJpdGUu[Qq]

[q multiple_choice=”true”] The relationship between a neurotransmitter and a receptor is closest to

[c]IGEgdmVzaWNsZSBhbmQgaXRzIGNvbnRlbnRz[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBIZXJlJiM4MjE3O3MgYSBoaW50LiBUaGUgbmV1cm90cmFuc21pdHRlciBpcyBhIGxpZ2FuZC4gSG93IGRvIGxpZ2FuZHMgYW5kIHJlY2VwdG9ycyBpbnRlcmFjdD8=[Qq]

[c]IGEgcmlib3NvbWUgYW5kIGFuIGFtaW5vIGFjaWQ=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBSaWJvc29tZXMgY29tYmluZSBhbWlubyBhY2lkcyBpbnRvIHByb3RlaW5zLiBUaGVyZSYjODIxNztzIG5vIHNpbWlsYXIgY29ubmVjdGlvbiBiZXR3ZWVuIG5ldXJvdHJhbnNtaXR0ZXJzIGFuZCByZWNlcHRvcnMuIEhlcmUmIzgyMTc7cyBhIGhpbnQuIFRoZSBuZXVyb3RyYW5zbWl0dGVyIGlzIGEgbGlnYW5kLiBIb3cgZG8gbGlnYW5kcyBhbmQgcmVjZXB0b3JzIGludGVyYWN0Pw==[Qq]

[c]IGEgbnVjbGVpYyBhY2lkIGFuZCBhIG51Y2xlb3RpZGU=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBOdWNsZW90aWRlcyBhcmUgdGhlIG1vbm9tZXJzIG9mIG51Y2xlaWMgYWNpZHMuIFRoZXJlJiM4MjE3O3Mgbm8gc2ltaWxhciBjb25uZWN0aW9uIGJldHdlZW4gcmVjZXB0b3JzIGFuZCBuZXVyb3RyYW5zbWl0dGVycy7CoEhlcmUmIzgyMTc7cyBhIGhpbnQuIFRoZSBuZXVyb3RyYW5zbWl0dGVyIGlzIGEgbGlnYW5kLiBIb3cgZG8gbGlnYW5kcyBhbmQgcmVjZXB0b3JzIGludGVyYWN0Pw==[Qq]

[c]IGEgc3Vic3RyYXRlIG FuZCBhbiBlbnp5bWU=[Qq]

[f]IEV4Y2VsbGVudC4gSW4gdGhlIHNhbWUgd2F5IHRoYXQgYW4gZW56eW1lIGhhcyBhIHNoYXBlIHRoYXQgZml0cyBpdHMgc3Vic3RyYXRlLCBhbiByZWNlcHRvciBoYXMgYSBzaGFwZSB0aGF0IGZpdHMgYSBzcGVjaWZpYyBuZXVyb3RyYW5zbWl0dGVyLg==[Qq]

[q multiple_choice=”true”] The antidepressant Prozac is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. By blocking reuptake of the neurotransmitter serotonin, it keeps serotonin active in the synaptic cleft, which enhances stimulation of the postsynaptic dendrite. Based on this description, Prozac most directly interacts with

[c]IGIg[Qq][c]IGQg[Qq][c]IGUg[Qq][c]IG Y=

Cg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBMZXR0ZXIgYiBpcyBhIHZvbHRhZ2Utc2Vuc2l0aXZlIGNhbGNpdW0gaW9uIGNoYW5uZWwuIElmIHlvdSBpbmhpYml0ZWQgJiM4MjIwO2ImIzgyMjE7IHRoZXJlJiM4MjE3O2QgYmUgbGVzcyBuZXVyb3RyYW5taXR0ZXIgcmVsZWFzZWQsIGFuZCBsZXNzIG5ldXJvdHJhbnNtaXR0ZXIgaW4gdGhlIHN5bmFwdGljIGNsZWZ0LiBIZXJlJiM4MjE3O3MgYSBoaW50OiBmaW5kIHNvbWV0aGluZyB3aGljaCwgaWYgaW5oaWJpdGVkLCB3b3VsZCA=aW5jcmVhc2U=IHRoZSBhbW91bnQgb2YgbmV1cm90cmFuc21pdHRlciBpbiB0aGUgc3luYXB0aWMgY2xlZnQu[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBMZXR0ZXIgZCBpcyBhIHJlY2VwdG9yIG9uIGEgbGlnYW5kIGdhdGVkIGlvbiBjaGFubmVsLiBUaGUgbmV1cm90cmFuc21pdHRlciB3aWxsIGJpbmQgd2l0aCBkLCBidXQgZCBkb2VzbiYjODIxNzt0IGltcGFjdCB0aGUgYW1vdW50IG9mIG5ldXJvdHJhbnNtaXR0ZXIgYXZhaWxhYmxlLiBIZXJlJiM4MjE3O3MgYSBoaW50OiBmaW5kIHNvbWV0aGluZyB3aGljaCwgaWYgaW5oaWJpdGVkLCB3b3VsZCBpbmNyZWFzZSB0aGUgYW1vdW50IG9mIG5ldXJvdHJhbnNtaXR0ZXIgaW4gdGhlIHN5bmFwdGljIGNsZWZ0Lg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBMZXR0ZXIgZSBzaG93cyBhIHZlc2ljbGUgdGhhdCBoYXMganVzdCByZWxlYXNlZCBpdHMgY29udGVudHMgaW50byB0aGUgc3luYXB0aWMgY2xlZnQuIElmIHlvdSBpbmhpYml0ZWQgJiM4MjIwO2UsJiM4MjIxOyB0aGVyZSYjODIxNztzIGJlIGxlc3MgbmV1cm90cmFuc21pdHRlciBpbiB0aGUgc3luYXB0aWMgY2xlZnQuIFNvIGhlcmUmIzgyMTc7cyBhIGhpbnQ6IGZpbmQgc29tZXRoaW5nIHdoaWNoLCBpZiBpbmhpYml0ZWQsIHdvdWxkIA==aW5jcmVhc2U=IHRoZSBhbW91bnQgb2YgbmV1cm90cmFuc21pdHRlciBpbiB0aGUgc3luYXB0aWMgY2xlZnQu[Qq]

[f]IEZhbnRhc3RpYy4gTGV0dGVyIGYgaXMgYSBuZXVyb3RyYW5zbWl0dGVyIHJldXB0YWtlIGNoYW5uZWwuIEl0IHJlbW92ZXMgbmV1cm90cmFuc21pdHRlciBmcm9tIHRoZSBzeW5hcHRpYyBjbGVmdC4gSWYgdGhpcyB3ZXJlIGluaGliaXRlZCwgdGhlIG5ldXJvdHJhbnNtaXR0ZXIgd291bGQgc3RheSBpbiB0aGUgc3luYXB0aWMgY2xlZnQsIGFuZCBjb250aW51ZSB0byBiaW5kIHdpdGggdGhlIHJlY2VwdG9yICh3aGljaCBpcyBob3cgZHJ1Z3MgbGlrZSBQcm96YWMgd29yayku[Qq]

[q] Summation occurs at the axon __________.

[hangman]

[c]IGhpbGxvY2s=[Qq]

[f]IEV4Y2VsbGVudCE=[Qq]

[q]When ____________ ions diffuse into the cytoplasm, the result is a depolarization,

[hangman]

[c]c29kaXVt[Qq]

[q]When ____________ ions diffuse into the extracellular fluid, the result is a hyperpolarization,

[hangman]

[c]cG90YXNzaXVt[Qq]

[q]The adding together of postsynaptic potentials is called

[hangman]

[c]c3VtbWF0aW9u[Qq]

[q]A single word description for the process shown below:

[hangman]

[c]c3VtbWF0aW9u[Qq]

[q]The four letter acronym for the impulses represented by the red line segments below.

[hangman]

[c]SVBTUA==[Qq]

[q]The four letter acronym for the impulses represented by the green line segments below.

[hangman]

[c]RVBTUA==[Qq]

[q]The type of summation shown below.

[hangman]

[c]c3BhdGlhbA==[Qq]

[q]The type of summation shown below.

[hangman]

[c]dGVtcG9yYWw=[Qq]

[q]Which of the following is something that neurons DON’T do?

[c]IENvbmR1Y3Rpbmcgc2lnbmFscw==[Qq]

[c]IEZvcm1pbmcgdGhlIG 15ZWxpbiBzaGVhdGg=[Qq]

[c]IFJlY2VpdmluZyBpbmZvcm1hdGlvbg==[Qq]

[c]IEludGVncmF0aW5nIGluZm9ybWF0aW9u[Qq]

[c]IENvb3JkaW5hdGluZyByZXNwb25zZXMgdG8gdGhlIGVudmlyb25tZW50[Qq]

[f]Tm8uIFRvICYjODIyMDtjb25kdWN0JiM4MjIxOyBtZWFucyB0aGUgc2FtZSBhcyAmIzgyMjA7dHJhbnNtaXQsJiM4MjIxOyBhbmQgbmV1cm9ucyBkbyB0aGF0IGFsbCB0aGUgdGltZS4gTG9vayBhdCB0aGUgYXhvbiBpbiB0aGUgZGlhZ3JhbSBiZWxvdyBmb3IgdGhlIGFuc3dlci4=

Cg==

[Qq]

[f]Q29ycmVjdC4gQ2VsbHMgY2FsbGVkIFNjaHdhbm4gY2VsbHMgKGluIHRoZSBwZXJpcGhlcmFsIG5lcnZvdXMgc3lzdGVtKSBhbmQgb2xpZ29kZW5kcm9jeXRlcyAoaW4gdGhlIGNlbnRyYWwgbmVydm91cyBzeXN0ZW0pIGZvcm0gdGhlIG15ZWxpbiBzaGVhdGgu[Qq]

[f]Tm8uIE5ldXJvbnMgcmVjZWl2ZSBpbmZvcm1hdGlvbiBhdCB0aGVpciBkZW5kcml0ZXMuwqBMb29rIGF0IHRoZSBheG9uIGluIHRoZSBkaWFncmFtIGJlbG93IGZvciB0aGUgYW5zd2VyLg==

Cg==

[Qq]

[f]Tm8uIE5ldXJvbnMgaW50ZWdyYXRlIG11bHRpcGxlIGltcHVsc2VzIGZyb20gdGhlaXIgZGVuZHJpdGVzIGFuZCB0aGVuIHVzZSBhIHByb2Nlc3MgY2FsbGVkIHN1bW1hdGlvbiB0byBjb21wdXRlIGEgcmVzcG9uc2UuwqBMb29rIGF0IHRoZSBheG9uIGluIHRoZSBkaWFncmFtIGJlbG93IGZvciB0aGUgYW5zd2VyLg==

Cg==

[Qq]

[f]Tm8uIEEga2V5IHJvbGUgb2YgdGhlIG5lcnZvdXMgc3lzdGVtIGlzIGNvb3JkaW5hdGluZyBvdXIgcmVzcG9uc2UgdG8gdGhlIGVudmlyb25tZW50LsKgTG9vayBhdCB0aGUgYXhvbiBpbiB0aGUgZGlhZ3JhbSBiZWxvdyBmb3IgdGhlIGFuc3dlci4=

Cg==

[Qq]

[q]Within a single neuron, nerve impulses travel from

[c]RGVuZHJpdGXCoHRvIGNlbGwgYm9kec KgdG/CoGF4b27CoHRvwqBzeW5hcHNl[Qq]

[c]U3luYXBzZSB0byBjZWxsIGJvZHkgdG8gYXhvbiB0byBkZW5kcml0ZQ==[Qq]

[c]Q2VsbCBib2R5IHRvIGRlbmRyaXRlIHRvIGF4b27CoHRvIHN5bmFwc2U=[Qq]

[c]U3luYXBzZSB0b8KgYXhvbsKgdG/CoGNlbGwgYm9kecKgdG/CoGRlbmRyaXRl[Qq]

[c]U3luYXBzZSB0b8KgZGVuZHJpdGXCoHRvwqBheG9uIGNlbGzCoHRvIGNlbGwgYm9keQ==[Qq]

[f]V2F5IHRvIGdvISBUaGUgY29ycmVjdCBzZXF1ZW5jZSBpcyBkZW5kcml0ZSB0byBjZWxsIGJvZHkgdG8gYXhvbiB0byBzeW5hcHNlLCBhcyBzaG93biBiZWxvdy4=

Cg==

[Qq]

[f]Tm8uIEhlcmUmIzgyMTc7cyBhIGhpbnQ6IHRoZSBzeW5hcHNlICg0IGJlbG93KSBjb21lcyBsYXN0LiBTdHVkeSB0aGUgZGlhZ3JhbSBiZWxvdyB0byBnZXQgdGhlIGNvcnJlY3Qgc2VxdWVuY2Uu

Cg==

[Qq]

[f]Tm8uIEhlcmUmIzgyMTc7cyBhIGhpbnQ6IHRoZSBjZWxsIGJvZHkgKDEgYmVsb3cpIGNvbWVzIHNlY29uZC4gU3R1ZHkgdGhlIGRpYWdyYW0gYmVsb3cgdG8gZ2V0IHRoZSBjb3JyZWN0IHNlcXVlbmNlLg==

Cg==

[Qq]

[f]Tm8uIEhlcmUmIzgyMTc7cyBhIGhpbnQ6IHRoZSBheG9uICgzIGJlbG93KSBjb21lcyB0aGlyZC4gU3R1ZHkgdGhlIGRpYWdyYW0gYmVsb3cgdG8gZ2V0IHRoZSBjb3JyZWN0IHNlcXVlbmNlLg==

Cg==

[Qq]

[f]Tm8uIEhlcmUmIzgyMTc7cyBhIGhpbnQ6IHRoZSBzeW5hcHNlICg0IGJlbG93KSBjb21lcyBsYXN0LiBTdHVkeSB0aGUgZGlhZ3JhbSBiZWxvdyB0byBnZXQgdGhlIGNvcnJlY3Qgc2VxdWVuY2Uu

Cg==

[Qq]

[q]Neurons communicate with their targets (other neurons, muscles, glands) at a

[hangman]

[c]c3luYXBzZQ==[Qq]

[q]For a stimulus to generate an action potential, it has to be above a

[hangman]

[c]dGhyZXNob2xk[Qq]

[q] When an action potential arrives at a patch of  membrane,

[c]IEs=^Kw==IGNoYW5uZWxzIG9wZW4=[Qq]

[c]IE 5h^Kw==IGNoYW5uZWxzIG9wZW4=[Qq]

[c]IHRoZSBOYQ==^Kw==L0s=^Kw==wqBwdW1wIHN0YXJ0cyBwdW1waW5n[Qq]

[c]IEFsbCBpb24gY2hhbm5lbHMgb3Blbg==[Qq]

[f]Tm8uIFdoZW4gYW4gYWN0aW9uIHBvdGVudGlhbCBhcnJpdmVzIGF0IGEgcGF0Y2ggb2YgbWVtYnJhbmUsIGl0IGNhdXNlcyBhIGRlcG9sYXJpemF0aW9uIHRoYXQgZ2VuZXJhdGVzIGFub3RoZXIgYWN0aW9uIHBvdGVudGlhbC4gSGVyZSYjODIxNztzIGEgaGludDogV2hhdCBpb25zIGFyZSBmbG93aW5nIGluIGR1cmluZyB0aW1lICYjODIyMDtBJiM4MjIxOyBiZWxvdz8=

Cg==

[Qq]

[f]R3JlYXQgam9iISBXaGVuIGFuIGFjdGlvbiBwb3RlbnRpYWwgYXJyaXZlcyBhdCBhIHBhdGNoIG9mIG1lbWJyYW5lLCBpdCBjYXVzZXMgYSBkZXBvbGFyaXphdGlvbiB0aGF0IGdlbmVyYXRlcyBhbm90aGVyIGFjdGlvbiBwb3RlbnRpYWwuIFRoZSBkZXBvbGFyaXphdGlvbiAoc2hvd24gYXQgJiM4MjIwO0EmIzgyMjE7IGJlbG93KSBvY2N1cnMgYXMgdm9sdGFnZS1zZW5zaXRpdmUgc29kaXVtIGlvbiBjaGFubmVscyBvcGVuLCBsZWFkaW5nIHNvZGl1bSBpb25zIHRvIGVudGVyIHRoZSBjZWxsLg==

Cg==

[Qq]

[f]Tm8uIFdoZW4gYW4gYWN0aW9uIHBvdGVudGlhbCBhcnJpdmVzIGF0IGEgcGF0Y2ggb2YgbWVtYnJhbmUsIGl0IGNhdXNlcyBhIGRlcG9sYXJpemF0aW9uIHRoYXQgZ2VuZXJhdGVzIGFub3RoZXIgYWN0aW9uIHBvdGVudGlhbC4gSGVyZSYjODIxNztzIGEgaGludDogV2hhdCBpb25zIGFyZSBmbG93aW5nIGluIGR1cmluZyB0aW1lICYjODIyMDtBJiM4MjIxOyBiZWxvdz8=

Cg==

[Qq]

[f]Tm8uIFlvdSYjODIxNztyZSByaWdodCBhYm91dCBpb24gY2hhbm5lbHMgb3BlbmluZywgYnV0IGl0JiM4MjE3O3Mgbm90IA==YWxsIGNoYW5uZWxzLiBXaGVuIGFuIGFjdGlvbiBwb3RlbnRpYWwgYXJyaXZlcyBhdCBhIHBhdGNoIG9mIG1lbWJyYW5lLCBpdCBjYXVzZXMgYSBkZXBvbGFyaXphdGlvbiB0aGF0IGdlbmVyYXRlcyBhbm90aGVyIGFjdGlvbiBwb3RlbnRpYWwuIEhlcmUmIzgyMTc7cyBhIGhpbnQ6IFdoYXQgaW9ucyBhcmUgZmxvd2luZyBpbiBkdXJpbmcgdGltZSAmIzgyMjA7QSYjODIyMTsgYmVsb3c/

Cg==

[Qq]

[q]The function of the sodium-potassium pump is to pump

[c]IGJvdGggc29kaXVtIGFuZCBwb3Rhc3NpdW0gaW9ucyBpbnRvIHRoZSBjZWxsLg==[Qq]

[c]IGJvdGggc29kaXVtIGFuZCBwb3Rhc3NpdW0gaW9ucyBvdXQgb2YgdGhlIGNlbGwu[Qq]

[c]IEFUUCwgdXNpbmcgc29kaXVtIGFuZCBwb3Rhc3NpdW0gZ3JhZGllbnRzIHRvIHBvd2VyIHRoZSBwdW1waW5nLg==[Qq]

[c]IHNvZGl1bSBpb25zIGludG8gdGhlIGNlbGwgYW5kIHBvdGFzc2l1bSBpb25zIG91dCBvZiB0aGUgY2VsbC4=[Qq]

[c]IHBvdGFzc2l1bSBpb25zIGludG8gdGhlIGNlbGwgYW 5kIHNvZGl1bSBpb25zIG91dCBvZiB0aGUgY2VsbC4=[Qq]

[f]Tm8uIEluIHRoZSBtb2RlbCBvZiB0aGUgc29kaXVtLXBvdGFzc2l1bSBwdW1wIHNob3duIGJlbG93LCA0IHJlcHJlc2VudHMgc29kaXVtIGFuZCA1IHJlcHJlc2VudHMgcG90YXNzaXVtLiBGaWd1cmUgb3V0IHdoYXQmIzgyMTc7cyBnb2luZyBvbiwgYW5kIHJlbWVtYmVyIHlvdXIgYW5zd2VyIHRoZSBuZXh0IHRpbWUgeW91IHNlZSB0aGlzIHF1ZXN0aW9uLg==

Cg==

[Qq]

[f]Tm8uIEluIHRoZSBtb2RlbCBvZiB0aGUgc29kaXVtLXBvdGFzc2l1bSBwdW1wIHNob3duIGJlbG93LCA0IHJlcHJlc2VudHMgc29kaXVtIGFuZCA1IHJlcHJlc2VudHMgcG90YXNzaXVtLiBGaWd1cmUgb3V0IHdoYXQmIzgyMTc7cyBnb2luZyBvbiwgYW5kIHJlbWVtYmVyIHlvdXIgYW5zd2VyIHRoZSBuZXh0IHRpbWUgeW91IHNlZSB0aGlzIHF1ZXN0aW9uLg==

Cg==

[Qq]

[f]Tm8uIEluIHRoZSBtb2RlbCBvZiB0aGUgc29kaXVtLXBvdGFzc2l1bSBwdW1wIHNob3duIGJlbG93LCA0IHJlcHJlc2VudHMgc29kaXVtLCA1IHJlcHJlc2VudHMgcG90YXNzaXVtLCBhbmQgNiByZXByZXNlbnRzIEFUUC4gRmlndXJlIG91dCB3aGF0JiM4MjE3O3MgZ29pbmcgb24sIGFuZCByZW1lbWJlciB5b3VyIGFuc3dlciB0aGUgbmV4dCB0aW1lIHlvdSBzZWUgdGhpcyBxdWVzdGlvbi4=

Cg==

[Qq]

[f]Tm8uIEluIHRoZSBtb2RlbCBvZiB0aGUgc29kaXVtLXBvdGFzc2l1bSBwdW1wIHNob3duIGJlbG93LCA0IHJlcHJlc2VudHMgc29kaXVtIGFuZCA1IHJlcHJlc2VudHMgcG90YXNzaXVtLiBGaWd1cmUgb3V0IHdoYXQmIzgyMTc7cyBnb2luZyBvbiwgYW5kIHJlbWVtYmVyIHlvdXIgYW5zd2VyIHRoZSBuZXh0IHRpbWUgeW91IHNlZSB0aGlzIHF1ZXN0aW9uLg==

Cg==

[Qq]

[f]RXhjZWxsZW50LiBBcyB5b3UgY2FuIHNlZSBpbiB0aGUgbW9kZWwgb2YgdGhlIHNvZGl1bS1wb3Rhc3NpdW0gcHVtcCBzaG93biBiZWxvdywgdGhlIHB1bXAgcHVtcHMgdGhyZWUgc29kaXVtIGlvbnMgb3V0IG9mIHRoZSBjZWxsIGZvciBldmVyeSB0d28gcG90YXNzaXVtIGlvbnMgaXQgcHVtcHMgaW50byB0aGUgY2VsbC4=

Cg==

[Qq]

[q]A key difference between a non-myelinated axon and a myelinated one is that

[c]IGEgbm9ubXllbGluYXRlZCBheG9uIGRvZXMgc2FsdGF0b3J5IGNvbmR1Y3Rpb247IGEgbXllbGluYXRlZCBvbmUgZG9lcyBub3Qu[Qq]

[c]IGEgbm9ubXllbGluYXRlZCBheG9uIHRyYW5zbWl0cyBzZW5zb3J5IGltcHVsc2VzOyBhIG15ZWxpbmF0ZWQgYXhvbiB0cmFuc21pdHMgbW90b3IgaW1wdWxzZXMu[Qq]

[c]IGEgbm9ubXllbGluYXRlZCBheG9uIHRyYW5zbWl0cyBpbXB1bHNlcy BtdWNoIG1vcmUgc2xvd2x5IHRoYW4gYSBteWVsaW5hdGVkIGF4b24u[Qq]

[c]IGEgbm9ubXllbGluYXRlZCBheG9uIHRyYW5zbWl0cyBpbXB1bHNlcyBtdWNoIG1vcmUgcXVpY2tseSB0aGFuIGEgbXllbGluYXRlZCBheG9ucy4=[Qq]

[c]IGEgbm9ubXllbGluYXRlZCBheG9uIGlzIGFzc29jaWF0ZWQgd2l0aCBTY2h3YW5uIGNlbGxzOyBhIG15ZWxpbmF0ZWQgYXhvbiBpcyBhc3NvY2lhdGVkIHdpdGggb2xpZ29kZW5kcm9jeXRlcy4=[Qq]

[f]Tm8uIE5vdGljZSB0aGF0IHRoZSBteWVsaW5hdGVkIGF4b24gc2hvd24gYmVsb3cgaXMgZG9pbmcgc2FsdGF0b3J5IGNvbmR1Y3Rpb24uIEhlcmUmIzgyMTc7cyBhIGhpbnQ6IGhvdyBkb2VzIHNhbHRhdG9yeSBjb25kdWN0aW9uIGNoYW5nZSB0aGUgbmVydmUgaW1wdWxzZT8=

Cg==

[Qq]

[f]Tm8uIE15ZWxpbmF0aW9uIG9jY3VycyBpbiBib3RoIHNlbnNvcnkgYW5kIG1vdG9yIG5ldXJvbnMuIEhlcmUmIzgyMTc7cyBhIGhpbnQ6IG5vdGljZSB0aGF0IHRoZSBteWVsaW5hdGVkIGF4b24gc2hvd24gYmVsb3cgaXMgZG9pbmcgc2FsdGF0b3J5IGNvbmR1Y3Rpb24uIEhvdyBkb2VzIHNhbHRhdG9yeSBjb25kdWN0aW9uIGNoYW5nZSB0aGUgbmVydmUgaW1wdWxzZT8=

Cg==

[Qq]

[f]R3JlYXQgam9iLiBNeWVsaW5hdGlvbiBsZWFkcyB0byBzYWx0YXRvcnkgY29uZHVjdGlvbiwgYW5kIHNhbHRhdG9yeSBjb25kdWN0aW9uIGlzIG11Y2ggZmFzdGVyIHRoYW4gbm9uLXNhbHRhdG9yeSBjb25kdWN0aW9uLg==[Qq]

[f]Tm86IHlvdSYjODIxNzt2ZSBnb3QgaXQgcmV2ZXJzZWQu[Qq]

[f]Tm8uIE15ZWxpbmF0ZWQgYXhvbnMgaW4gdGhlIGNlbnRyYWwgbmVydm91cyBzeXN0ZW0gYXJlIGFzc29jaWF0ZWQgd2l0aCBTY2h3YW5uIGNlbGxzOyBpbiB0aGUgY2VudHJhbCBuZXJ2b3VzIHN5c3RlbSwgbXllbGluYXRpb24gaXMgYXNzb2NpYXRlZCB3aXRoIG9saWdvZGVuZHJvY3l0ZXMuSGVyZSYjODIxNztzIGEgaGludDogbm90aWNlIHRoYXQgdGhlIG15ZWxpbmF0ZWQgYXhvbiBzaG93biBiZWxvdyBpcyBkb2luZyBzYWx0YXRvcnkgY29uZHVjdGlvbi4gSG93IGRvZXMgc2FsdGF0b3J5IGNvbmR1Y3Rpb24gY2hhbmdlIHRoZSBuZXJ2ZSBpbXB1bHNlPw==

Cg==

[Qq]

[x]

[restart]
[/qwiz]

[qwiz qrecord_id=”sciencemusicvideosMeister1961-Nervous System, Final FRQ, M28″]

[h]Nervous system FRQs

[i]Accidentally, you’ve touched something that’s burning hot. Almost instantly, a reflex moves your arm away from the source of the heat. Awareness of the pain and injury follows a moment later.

Use what you’rve learned about the nervous system to answer the FRQs that follow.

[q]Explain how a stimulus (such as a burning object) can generate an action potential. In your answer, 1) sketch an action potential, 2) fully describe what happens during an action potential (ending at the falling phase) and 3) explain how the membrane’s resting potential is restored.

[c]IFNob3cgdGhl IGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IA==UEFSVCAxOg==IFNrZXRjaCBvZiBhbiBhY3Rpb24gcG90ZW50aWFs

Cg==

[Qq]

1 Resting potential

A. graded depolarization.

2. Threshold

3. Rising phase of action potential

4. Falling Phase.

5. Refractory Period.

PART 2: Explanation of how an action potential is generated.

At the tip of a sensory neuron are dendrites. These contain heat sensitive sodium ion channels, pain sensors, etc. In response to the injury, these channels open up, which allows sodium ions to flow from outside the cell, where they’ve been pumped by the sodium-potassium pump. As these sodium ions enter, they cause a graded depolarization.

This depolarization is probably happening at multiple dendrites, each of which has multiple ion channels. Through a process called summation, the axon hillock of the cell body adds all of these depolarizations together.  When the depolarization reaches the threshold potential (about -50 mV), voltage-sensitive sodium ion channels in the axon-hillock open. This is an all or none-response, and generates an action potential.

An action potential begins with a rising phase, during which voltage gated sodium ion channels open. As sodium ions rush in, they completely depolarize the membrane so that it becomes positive on the inside relative to the outside (a value of about 35 mV). At that point, these voltage gated sodium ion channels close, and voltage gated potassium ion channels open. This allows potassium ions to rush out of the cell. As they do, they carry out their positive charge, making the membrane potential switch back to negative. This outflow of potassium ions is called the falling phase of the action potential.

PART 3: How the resting potential is restored.

At the end of the falling phase, so much potassium has rushed out of the cell that the the membrane becomes hyperpolarized (to a value even more negative than the resting potential of -70 mV). This is called the undershoot. At that point, potassium ion channels close. Note that while the membrane potential is negative (as it is during the resting phase), the membrane now has many potassium ions on the outside, and many sodium ions on the inside. This ionic situation causes a refractory period, when another action potential becomes temporarily impossible. To restore the resting potential, the membrane’s sodium-potassium pump goes to work, pumping 3 sodium ions out of the cell for every two potassium ions that are pumped into the cell. In a few milliseconds, the resting potential is restored.

[q]Describe how an action potential can move down the length of an axon.

[c]IFNob3cgdGhl IGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]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[Qq]

[q]Explain how the message about the injury can be communicated from a sensory neuron to a motor neuron.

[c]IFNob3cgdGhl IGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]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

Cg==

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[Qq]

[x][restart]

[/qwiz]