Gene Regulation Click-On Challenges

  1. You’ll see credit for completing these quizzes in “Unit 6 Cumulative Assessment.”
  2. These quizzes can be completed for the same credit on the Biomania AP Bio App. Click here to download Biomania (free for students enrolled in a course with a teacher using Learn-Biology.com).

1. Operons Click-on challenge

[qwiz quiz_timer=”true” random=”false” dataset_intro=”false” spaced_repetition=”false” dataset=”Operons Click-On Challenge Dataset” qrecord_id=”sciencemusicvideosMeister1961-Unit 6 Operons Click-on Challenge (v2.0)” style=”width: 650px !important; min-height: 450px !important;”]

[h] Operons Click-On Challenge

[i] Note the timer in the top right. Your goal is accuracy and speed. A good strategy: once through slowly, then additional trials for improvement.

 

[q json=”true” hotspot_user_interaction=”label_prompt” show_hotspots=”” dataset_id=”Operons Click-On Challenge Dataset|2060c368fb6e13″ question_number=”1″ unit=”6.Gene_Expression_and_Regulation” topic=”6.5.Operons”] TOPIC: lac operon (1)

Regulatory gene

Awesome. “1” is the regulatory gene.

HINT: The regulatory gene codes for a regulatory protein, which is capable of binding with DNA. Find the protein that binds with DNA, and work backwards from there.
The number for RNA polymerase

Correct! “It’s 4.

HINT: RNA polymerase is a protein, and it binds with DNA. So find something that is not a double helix, but which binds with the double helix, and you’ll be on your way to the answer. 
The number of the promoter region

Excellent!  ”5″ represents the promoter.

HINT: The promoter region is where RNA polymerase binds. 
The number for the operator region.

Fantastic. “6” is the operator region.

HINT:  The operator region is where the regulatory protein binds. When that protein binds, it blocks RNA polymerase. 
The regulatory protein

Great! The regulatory protein is “3.”

HINT: The regulatory protein is transcribed and translated from the regulatory genes, and it binds with the operator region, blocking RNA polymerase.
The structural genes

Nice! The structural genes are at  ”7.”

HINT: The structural genes are downstream from the operator. 
The number or letter that represents transcription of the regulatory genes.

Nice going! Letter “a” represents transcription of the regulatory genes.

HINT: Transcription makes DNA into RNA. Where is that happening?

[q json=”true” hotspot_user_interaction=”label_prompt” show_hotspots=”” dataset_id=”Operons Click-On Challenge Dataset|16e759a2700228″ question_number=”2″ unit=”6.Gene_Expression_and_Regulation” topic=”6.5.Operons”] TOPIC: lac operon (2)

The inducer of this inducible operon.

Yes! “8” is the inducer

HINT: The inducer is the molecule that turns the operon “on,” allowing expression of the gene.
The regulatory protein in a form where it CAN’T bind with the operator

Way to go! “3a” is the regulatory protein in a form where it can’t bind with the operator.

HINT:  ”1″ is the regulatory gene. Follow the arrows to the regulatory protein, and then find it in its altered form. 
The number of the DNA region which a regulatory protein can bind to, blocking transcription.

Very nice! It’s the operator, at “6.”

HINT:  You’re looking for the operator, which is just downstream from the promoter.
The mRNA for the regulatory protein

That’s right. It’s  at “2.”

HINT:  ”1″ is the regulatory gene. “3” is the regulatory protein. What must be the regulatory mRNA?
The number of the mRNA that’s transcribed from the structural genes

Thumbs up! “9” is the mRNA transcribed from the structural genes.

HINT:  If “4” is RNA polymerase, and “7” represents the structural genes, then what must be the resulting mRNA?
The number for the enzymes that digest lactose.

Superb. “10”  represents the lactose-digesting enzymes.

HINT:  ”7″ represents the structural genes. The genes are for enzymes that digest lactose. Therefore, the enzymes must be at ….

[q json=”true” hotspot_user_interaction=”label_prompt” show_hotspots=”” dataset_id=”Operons Click-On Challenge Dataset|1e1c633103d33b” question_number=”3″ unit=”6.Gene_Expression_and_Regulation” topic=”6.5.Operons”] TOPIC: trp operon (1)

The co-repressor of this repressible operon

Outstanding. “8” is tryptophan, the co-repressor in the trp operon, 

HINT:  Find the molecule that binds with the regulatory protein, changing its shape so that it can bind with the operator.
The gene that codes for the regulatory protein

Nice going! “1” is the regulatory gene.

HINT:  ”3″ is the regulatory protein.  Work back from there to find the regulatory gene. 
The genes for enzymes for synthesis of tryptophan

Incredible. “7” represents the genes for tryptophan synthesizing enzymes.

HINT:  These are the structural genes, and they’re just downstream of the operator.

[q json=”true” hotspot_user_interaction=”label_prompt” show_hotspots=”” dataset_id=”Operons Click-On Challenge Dataset|1e17f0a64d4f3b” question_number=”4″ unit=”6.Gene_Expression_and_Regulation” topic=”6.5.Operons”] TOPIC: trp operon 2

To create the regulatory protein, a ribosome would be required at this point.

Yes! A ribosome would be required at “b” to transform the regulatory gene’s RNA into protein.

HINT: Ribosomes are required for protein synthesis. Find the regulatory protein, and work backwards to see where protein synthesis would happen. 
The number of the protein that transcribes the operon’s DNA into RNA.

Thumbs up! It’s RNA polymerase (at “4”).

HINT: It’s RNA polymerase.
The number for the catalytic proteins that synthesize tryptophan.

Superb. The proteins are enzyems, and they’re shown at “ 9.”

HINT: What’s another name for a catalytic protein?
If the repressor binds with this region, the genes won’t be transcribed.

Outstanding! It’s the operator, at “6.”

HINT: You’re looking for the operator, which is downstream of the promoter.

[/qwiz]

 

 

2. Eukaryotic Gene Regulation Click-on Challenge

[qwiz style=”width: 650px !important; min-height: 450px !important;” quiz_timer=”true” random=”true” spaced_repetition=”false” dataset=”Eukaryotic Gene Regulation Click-on Challenge Dataset” dataset_intro=”false” qrecord_id=”sciencemusicvideosMeister1961-Unit 6 Eukaryotic Gene Regulation Click-on Challenge”]

[h] Eukaryotic Gene Regulation Click-on Challenge

[i]

[q json=”true” hotspot_user_interaction=”label_prompt” show_hotspots=”always ” dataset_id=”Eukaryotic Gene Regulation Click-on Challenge Dataset|eedb9bd5da8f2″ question_number=”1″ unit=”6.Gene_Expression_and_Regulation” topic=”6.6.Eukaryotic_Gene_Regulation”] TOPIC: Regulatory switches

Regulatory switches

Awesome. The regulatory switches are at “A.”

HINT:  The switches are located “upstream” of the structural gene shown at “C.”

HINT. The regulatory switches are usually located way “upstream” of the promoter for the coding DNA, which in this diagram is shown at letter “b.”

The letter for the promoter

Correct. Letter “b” is the promoter.

HINT: The promoter is at the very start of the structural gene (which is what gets transcribed by RNA polymerase).

The letter for a gene that codes for protein or RNA

Excellent. Letter “c” indicates a gene that codes for protein (or RNA).

HINT: Find DNA that RNA polymerase is transcribing into RNA.
The letter for RNA polymerase

Exactly. Letter “d” is RNA polymerase.

HINT: RNA polymerase transcribes DNA into RNA (which is indicated by “e.”
The letter for RNA

Fantastic. Letter “e” indicates RNA

HINT: RNA is transcribed from DNA by RNA polymerase (indicated by “d.”)

[q json=”true” hotspot_user_interaction=”label_prompt” show_hotspots=”always” dataset_id=”Eukaryotic Gene Regulation Click-on Challenge Dataset|ee8f5b506f8f2″ question_number=”2″ unit=”6.Gene_Expression_and_Regulation” topic=”6.6.Eukaryotic_Gene_Regulation”] TOPIC: Heterochromatin and Euchromatin

The number of a histone protein.

Good job! “3” represents a histone protein.

HINT: In eukaryotes, DNA (‘1″) gets wrapped around histone proteins, which form nucleosomes (“6”).
The number that shows DNA that can’t be transcribed.

Impressive. Numbers “2” and “4” indicated DNA that’s tightly wound up and unavailable for transcription.

HINT: Find DNA that’s  tightly wound up and unavailable for transcription.  
The number for a nucleosome.

Nice! “6” represents a nucleosome.

HINT: Eukaryotic DNA is wrapped around nucleosomes, which are groups of histone proteins (shown at “3”). 
The number of DNA that’s available for transcription.

Outstanding. “7” represents DNA that’s available for transcription.

HINT: Find a number that’s pointing to DNA that’s NOT wrapped around a nucleosome.
The number of an acetyl group.

That’s right. “8” is an acetyl group.

HINT:  Acetyl groups are associated with DNA that’s NOT tightly packed and which CAN be transcribed.

 

[q json=”true” hotspot_user_interaction=”label_prompt” show_hotspots=”always” dataset_id=”Eukaryotic Gene Regulation Click-on Challenge Dataset|ee4c45b9d64f2″ question_number=”3″ unit=”6.Gene_Expression_and_Regulation” topic=”6.6.Eukaryotic_Gene_Regulation”] TOPIC: Methylation and Acetylation

DNA that can’t be transcribed.

Thumbs up! “6” shows methylated DNA that can’t be transcribed.

HINT:  Find DNA that’s tightly wound up around histone proteins. This DNA  can’t be transcribed.

 

DNA that can be transcribed.

Way to go! “7” represents loosely packed DNA that can be transcribed.

HINT:  Look for DNA that’s not completely wound around histone proteins. Also, look for RNA polymerase and acetyl groups.

 

The number for the functional group that shuts down expression of genes.  

Awesome! “3 represents a methyl group. Methylation turns off eukaryotic gene expression. 

HINT:  Look at the tightly bound and untranscribable DNA at “6.” What functional group is attached to it? 
The number for the functional group that’s associated with genes that can be expressed.

Correct! “4” is an acetyl group. Acetylation allows genes to be expressed.

HINT: Look at “7.” How has this region of DNA been chemically modified? What functional group do you see attached to these nucleosomes? 

[q json=”true” hotspot_user_interaction=”label_prompt” show_hotspots=”” dataset_id=”Eukaryotic Gene Regulation Click-on Challenge Dataset|edf3f136bc8f2″ question_number=”4″ unit=”6.Gene_Expression_and_Regulation” topic=”6.6.Eukaryotic_Gene_Regulation”] TOPIC: Forming the transcription initiation complex.

Regulatory switches and activator proteins

Exactly. Letters “a” and “c” show regulatory switches. Letter “b” shows activator proteins.

HINT:  The regulatory switches are usually located upstream of the protein-coding genes, shown in green.

 

The promoter.

Fantastic. The promoter is located at “d.”

HINT:  The promoter is located just before the gene (indicated in green).

 

Transcription factors (and mediator proteins)

Impressive. Transcription factors and mediator proteins are are at “g” and “h.”

HINT:  Transcription factors and mediator proteins bind at or near the promoter, enabling RNA polymerase to bind.

 

RNA polymerase binding at the transcription initiation complex.

Great job. At “j” you can see RNA polymerase (“i”) binding at the transcription initiation complex.

HINT:  RNA polymerase is a large protein that binds at the promoter, and which then proceeds to transcribe the gene.

 

[q json=”true” hotspot_user_interaction=”label_prompt” show_hotspots=”” dataset_id=”Eukaryotic Gene Regulation Click-on Challenge Dataset|ed8cc4e7d54f2″ question_number=”5″ unit=”6.Gene_Expression_and_Regulation” topic=”6.6.Eukaryotic_Gene_Regulation”] TOPIC: DNA, pre-mRNA and mRNA

The promoter.

Yes! “C” is the promoter.

HINT:   The promoter is before the coding DNA, represented by letter “D” in the diagram.

 

An intron with DNA or RNA

Way to go! “e1” and “e2” show introns in DNA (above) and in RNA (below)

HINT:   Introns get cut out of RNA before it’s transcribed. If “f” shows RNA that’s been cut out, what has to be an intron that’s still within DNA or RNA?

 

Intron RNA that’s been edited out of pre-mRNA

Thumbs up. F1 and F2 show intron RNA that’s been edited out of pre-mRNA

HINT:  Compare the pre-mRNA at “2” with the mRNA at “3.” What got cut out?

 

The number representing a strand of pre-mRNA.

Terrific. Pre-mRNA is at “2.”

HINT:  pre-mRNA has been transcribed, but hasn’t yet been processed so that it can be translated.

 

mRNA’s 5′ GTP cap.

Superb! The 5′ GTP cap is at letter “g.”

HINT:  Find three phosphate groups at the 5′ end of mRNA.

 

mRNA’s 3′ poly-A tail.

Outstanding. “J” is the poly-A tail.

HINT:  The poly-A tail is at the 3′ end of the mRNA

 

[q json=”true” hotspot_user_interaction=”label_prompt” show_hotspots=”” dataset_id=”Eukaryotic Gene Regulation Click-on Challenge Dataset|ecf7e72f938f2″ question_number=”6″ unit=”6.Gene_Expression_and_Regulation” topic=”6.6.Eukaryotic_Gene_Regulation”] TOPIC: Gene expression through steroid hormone action.

A steroid hormone

Awesome. “F” represents a steroid hormone.

HINT:  Steroid hormones consist of four fused carbon rings.

 

A cytoplasmic receptor in the cytoplasm.

Correct. “G” and “H” show a cytoplasmic receptor.

HINT:  Look for a molecule in the cytoplasm that can bind with the steroid hormone.

 

A bound-cytoplasmic receptor acting as a transcription factor.

Excellent. Letter “L” shows a bound-cytoplasmic receptor acting as a transcription factor.

HINT:  Transcription factors interact with DNA.

 

RNA that’s being translated into protein.

Good work. “L” shows a ribosome translating mRNA into protein.

HINT:  Look for a ribosome.

 

[q json=”true” hotspot_user_interaction=”label_prompt” show_hotspots=”” dataset_id=”Eukaryotic Gene Regulation Click-on Challenge Dataset|ec9950cc850f2″ question_number=”7″ unit=”6.Gene_Expression_and_Regulation” topic=”6.6.Eukaryotic_Gene_Regulation”] TOPIC: Pitx1 expression in sticklebacks

Adult form found in freshwater.

Yes. The spineless form is found in freshwater.

HINT.  In freshwater, a pelvic spine makes the fish poorly adapted.
Adult form found in saltwater

Way to go. The pelvic spine is a valuable adaptation in saltwater populations.

HINT.  The pelvic spine deters large-mouthed predators from eating sticklebacks.
This gene is deleted or inactivated in freshwater sticklebacks.

That’s right. The pelvic enhancer is deleted or inactivated in the spineless freshwater form.

HINT.  Which regulatory switch would have to be deactivated in order to prevent expression of the Pitx1 gene in the pelvic region?
This developmental gene is active in both the freshwater and saltwater form.

Outstanding. The Pitx1 gene is active in all forms of the stickleback.

HINT.  You’re looking for a gene that’s NOT an enhancer/ regulatory sequences . 

[q json=”true” hotspot_user_interaction=”label_prompt” show_hotspots=”” dataset_id=”Eukaryotic Gene Regulation Click-on Challenge Dataset|be4c0d9618f78″ question_number=”8″ unit=”6.Gene_Expression_and_Regulation” topic=”6.6.Eukaryotic_Gene_Regulation”] TOPIC: Cloning in Mammals

Organism to be cloned

Nice! Letter “a” is the organism that will be cloned.

HINT.  The organism that’s going to be cloned donates a diploid somatic cell. Such a cell is shown at “b.”
Diploid somatic cell that provides the genetic material.

Terrific. Letter “b” represents the diploid, somatic cell that provides the genes from the organism that will be cloned.

HINT: Look at “b” and “f.” Which one has its nucleus removed, and which one keeps its nucleus? The one that keeps its nucleus provides the genes for the newly cloned organism.
Haploid egg cell

That’s right. Letter “f” represents a haploid egg cell. Letter “g” is that cell’s nucleus.

HINT: The egg cell will have its nucleus removed, and won’t provide genetic material to the newly cloned organism.
Diploid zygote.

Nice! Letter “d” represents a diploid zygote.

HINT: The diploid zygote results from the fusion of the enucleated egg and a diploid somatic cell (shown at “c”).
Egg donor

Very nice. “Letter “c” is the egg donor.

HINT: The haploid egg is at “f.” Who donated it?
Surrogate mother

Nice job! Letter “i” represents the surrogate mother.

HINT: The embryo (at “h”) gets implanted into the surrogate mother.

Fusion of diploid donor cell and enucleated egg

Correct. Letter  ”c” shows the fusion of a diploid cell and an enucleated egg.

HINT: Find the egg cell (“f”)  with its nucleus removed. 
A cloned organism with the same genetic material as “a”

Yes! “J” is a clone of “a.”

HINT. The cloned organism comes from the diploid zygote at “d.” Follow the arrows. 

[x]

[restart]

[/qwiz]