[h] Transcription and Translation Click-On Challenge
[i] Notice the timer at the top right. Your goal is to build speed and accuracy. A good strategy: once through slowly, then additional trials to climb higher in the leaderboard.
[q json=”true” hotspot_user_interaction=”label_prompt” dataset_id=”Transcription and Translation Click-on Challenge|200644c2d646b5″ question_number=”1″ show_hotspots=”” unit=”6.Gene_Expression_and_Regulation” topic=”6.3-4.Transcription_and_Translation”] Transcription and Translation: the details
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Transcription
Yes! Step E is transcription.
HINT FOR NEXT TIME: Transcription takes DNA and makes it into RNA, which later gets translated into protein.
Removal of introns, other RNA processing
Way to go! Step F would involve removal of introns and other RNA processing.
HINT FOR NEXT TIME: RNA has to be processed before it gets translated. That happens in the nucleus. If product G1 represents ready-to-translate mRNA, then what must represent RNA processing?
the label for mRNA in the nucleus.
Very nice! G1 is mRNA in the nucleus
HINT FOR NEXT TIME: If step F is RNA processing, where would you find mRNA?
The label for mRNA in the cytoplasm.
Thumbs up. “G2” is mRNA is the cytoplasm.
HINT FOR NEXT TIME: mRNA is a single stranded nucleic acid that gets “read” by a ribosome during protein synthesis.
The label for an anticodon
Thumbs up! Group H is the label for an anticodon.
HINT FOR NEXT TIME: The anticodon is a group of three letters on a tRNA that bind with a 3 letter codon on the mRNA.
a single amino acid (attached to a tRNA).
Terrific. “M” is a single amino acid attached to an mRNA.
HINT FOR NEXT TIME: There are 20 amino acids, and they’re represented by initials like ‘met,” “pro,” “asp,” and “gly.”
A peptide bond.
Super! Letter “J” represents a peptide bond.
HINT FOR NEXT TIME: Peptide bonds connect amino acids.
A growing polypeptide.
Outstanding. “P” is a growing polypeptide.
HINT FOR NEXT TIME: A polypeptide is a chain of amino acids, connected together by peptide bonds
The label for a single tRNA (one that’s not carrying an amino acid)
Nice job! “O” is a single tRNA
HINT FOR NEXT TIME: A tRNA has a 3-letter anticodon on one side, and an amino acid binding site on the other side. Find one without an amino acid.
The label for a codon
Great work! “N” is the label for a codon.
HINT FOR NEXT TIME: A codon is a group of 3 letters in mRNA. Each codon codes for one amino acid.
The label for the ribosome.
Fantastic! ”K” is the ribosome.
HINT FOR NEXT TIME: The ribosome enables the tRNA anticodons to bind with the mRNA codons.
The label for the nuclear membrane.
Fantastic! “L” is the nuclear membrane.
HINT FOR NEXT TIME: The DNA is in the nucleus. Translation is happening in the cytoplasm. What’s the boundary between those two regions?
HINT FOR NEXT TIME: RNA is a single stranded molecule (in contrast to DNA, which is double stranded).
Nice! That’s the template strand.
HINT FOR NEXT TIME: The template strand is the DNA strand that RNA polymerase “reads” as it synthesizes a complementary strand of RNA
The template strand.
Awesome! “2” is the template strand of DNA.
HINT FOR NEXT TIME: The template strand is the DNA strand that RNA polymerase “reads” as it synthesizes a new strand of RNA.
Free RNA nucleotides
Correct. “3” represents free RNA nucleotides.
HINT FOR NEXT TIME: The free RNA nucleotides are the adenines (A), uracils (U), guanines (G), and cytosines (C) that are floating around in the cytoplasm, available for incorporation into a new strand of RNA.
The non-template strand.
Excellent! “4” is the non-template strand.
HINT FOR NEXT TIME: The non-template strand of DNA is the strand that isn’t being “read” by RNA polymerase.
The number for RNA polymerase
Good work! “5” is RNA polymerase.
HINT FOR NEXT TIME: RNA polymerase is the enzyme that “reads” the DNA and transcribes it into new RNA.
[q json=”true” hotspot_user_interaction=”label_prompt” show_hotspots=”” dataset_id=”Transcription and Translation Click-on Challenge|22874a2086e3b8″ question_number=”3″ unit=”6.Gene_Expression_and_Regulation” topic=”6.3-4.Transcription_and_Translation”] Transcription and translation: the big picture
599 x 578
The letter for the cell’s selectively permeable outer boundary.
Yes! “A” is the cell membrane.
HINT FOR NEXT TIME: You’re looking for the cell membrane.
The letter for the site of most of the cell’s metabolic reactions
Way to go! It’s the cytoplasm (B).
HINT FOR NEXT TIME: You’re looking for the cytoplasm.
The letter for the substance that genes are made of.
Very nice! It’s DNA, at “C.”
HINT FOR NEXT TIME: You’re looking for DNA.
Transcription
Thumbs up! Transcription is represented by “e.”
HINT FOR NEXT TIME: Transcription is when DNA (a double helix) is converted into RNA, a single stranded molecule.
This letter could be any type of RNA (mRNA, tRNA, or rRNA) in the nucleus.
That’s right! Letter “f” could be any type of RNA.
HINT FOR NEXT TIME: Look in the nucleus for a single stranded molecule.
The letter for what controls what enters and leaves the nucleus.
Superb! Letter “d” is the nuclear membrane.
HINT FOR NEXT TIME: You’re looking for the nuclear membrane.
This molecule brings amino acids to the ribosome.
Terrific! It’s tRNA, at letter “i.”
HINT FOR NEXT TIME: You’re looking for a tRNA.
The letter for mRNA in the cytoplasm.
Outstanding: mRNA is at letter “h.”
HINT FOR NEXT TIME: mRNA is what gets “read” by a ribosome.
The letter for the part that converts information in mRNA into amino acid sequences.
Nice going! It’s the ribosome, at letter “j.”
HINT FOR NEXT TIME: You’re looking for a ribosome.
The letter for a newly synthesized polypeptide chain.
Incredible. Letter “g” represents a polypeptide chain.
HINT FOR NEXT TIME: Find the ribosome. A newly made polypeptide chain is hanging off of one of the tRNAs.
