1. Population Genetics Flashcards

[qdeck style=”width: 600px !important; min-height: 450px !important;” bold_text=”false” dataset=”Unit 7 Population Genetics FC Dataset” qrecord_id=”sciencemusicvideosMeister1961-Population Genetics Cumulative Flashcards (v2.0)”]

[h] Population Genetics Cumulative Flashcards

[q json=”true” yy=”5″ unit=”7.Evolution_and_Natural_Selection” dataset_id=”Unit 7 Population Genetics FC Dataset|1c82cbea6dfadc” question_number=”1″ topic=”7.1-3.Natural_and_Artificial_Selection”] Explain Darwin’s theory of natural selection.

[a] Natural selection explains the phenomenon of design (adaptation) without a designer. The theory begins with two observations. First, in any population, there’s inherited variation. Second, in every species, even the ones with the lowest rate of reproduction, parents produce more offspring than will survive into the next generation.

Among the offspring, some will possess inherited advantages that increase their chances of surviving and reproducing. As a result, individuals with those advantages will survive at a higher rate. When they reproduce, they’ll pass on their inherited adaptations to their offspring. As mutation continues to randomly generate new variations, and as the environment removes less adapted individuals from a population and allows better-adapted individuals to survive to reproduce, that population, generation by generation, continually adapts to its environment.

[q json=”true” yy=”4″ unit=”7.Evolution_and_Natural_Selection” dataset_id=”Unit 7 Population Genetics FC Dataset|1c82b6f602f6dc” question_number=”2″ topic=”7.1-3.Natural_and_Artificial_Selection”] List the three ways in which natural selection can change the distribution of phenotypes in a population.

[a] In any population, most characteristics can be represented by a bell curve of continuous variation. For example, if you’re measuring body length, most individuals will be of average length, with fewer that are shorter, and fewer that are longer. Directional selection (A) selects against one of the extremes. Stabilizing selection (B) selects against both extremes. Disruptive selection (C) selects against the mean.

[q json=”true” yy=”4″ unit=”7.Evolution_and_Natural_Selection” dataset_id=”Unit 7 Population Genetics FC Dataset|1c829fad8c0edc” question_number=”3″ topic=”7.1-3.Natural_and_Artificial_Selection”] How is evolutionary fitness measured?

[a] Evolutionary fitness is measured by reproductive success: the number of offspring (and offspring of offspring) that survive to reproduce.

[q json=”true” yy=”4″ unit=”7.Evolution_and_Natural_Selection” dataset_id=”Unit 7 Population Genetics FC Dataset|1c828ab9210adc” question_number=”4″ topic=”7.1-3.Natural_and_Artificial_Selection”] Explain how the peppered moth demonstrates evolutionary change in response to environmental change.

[a] The Peppered Moth (Biston betularia) provides an example of directly observed directional selection. Before the industrial revolution in England in the 1800s, the moth’s predominant phenotype was peppered: mostly white, with black specks. This camouflaged the moths against bird predation as they rested on light-colored tree trunks which were often covered by whitish-colored lichens. Soot from industrial pollution killed the lichens and darkened the tree trunks, creating an advantage for darker moths. Starting in the mid-1800s, over several decades, the mean phenotype shifted from peppered to dark. Starting in about 1960, soot from pollution declined. The lichens returned, and the tree trunks became lighter. In response, the mean phenotype of peppered moth populations shifted from dark-colored to light-colored.

[!]7.4.Population Genetics and Hardy Weinberg[/!]

[q json=”true” yy=”4″ unit=”7.Evolution_and_Natural_Selection” dataset_id=”Unit 7 Population Genetics FC Dataset|1c827cc0d9b2dc” question_number=”5″ topic=”7.4-5.Population_Genetics_and_Hardy-Weinberg”] Explain evolution in terms of genes and gene pools.

[a] In terms of genes, evolution can be explained as the change in the genetic makeup of a population over time. This change can be adaptive, resulting from natural selection of phenotypes associated with specific alleles. Through natural selection, alleles that code for traits that increase evolutionary fitness (the ability of organisms with these alleles to survive and reproduce) will increase in frequency within a gene pool, while alleles that decrease fitness will decrease in frequency. However, changes in a population’s genetic makeup can also be random, resulting from processes such as genetic drift (discussed in other cards).

[q json=”true” yy=”4″ unit=”7.Evolution_and_Natural_Selection” dataset_id=”Unit 7 Population Genetics FC Dataset|1c826c748676dc” question_number=”6″ topic=”7.4-5.Population_Genetics_and_Hardy-Weinberg”] Define genetic drift, and describe how a population bottleneck works.

[a] Genetic drift is a random change in allele frequencies in a population”s gene pool, usually associated with a small population size. In a population bottleneck, some biotic or abiotic factor wipes out a large percentage of the individuals in a population, leaving only a few survivors. Because of the small number of individuals left, it’s possible that the alleles they possess might not be representative of the allele frequencies in the former (larger) population. That includes the possibility that some alleles might completely disappear. Note that the survivors didn’t have any selective advantage: they were merely lucky. The overall effect is that allele frequencies in the new surviving population might be quite different from those in the previous population.

[q json=”true” yy=”4″ unit=”7.Evolution_and_Natural_Selection” dataset_id=”Unit 7 Population Genetics FC Dataset|1c825c28333adc” question_number=”7″ topic=”7.4-5.Population_Genetics_and_Hardy-Weinberg”] Describe the founder effect.

[a] If during an emigration event, a small number of individuals from a larger population found a new population, then the allele frequencies in the founders might be different from those in the parent population. As a result, allele frequencies in the newly founded population might wind up being different from the frequencies in the parent population. This is called the founder effect, and it’s another example of genetic drift.

[q json=”true” yy=”4″ unit=”7.Evolution_and_Natural_Selection” dataset_id=”Unit 7 Population Genetics FC Dataset|1c824e2febe2dc” question_number=”8″ topic=”7.4-5.Population_Genetics_and_Hardy-Weinberg”] Explain the effect of gene flow on evolving gene pools.

[a] Gene flow is the movement of alleles from one population to another. This can involve the movement of individuals, who bring their alleles with them from one population to another, or the movement of gametes (such as pollen flying in the wind or being carried by pollinators between adjacent plant populations). In either case, the effect of gene flow is to diminish differentiation between adjacent populations.

[q json=”true” yy=”4″ unit=”7.Evolution_and_Natural_Selection” dataset_id=”Unit 7 Population Genetics FC Dataset|1c82393b80dedc” question_number=”9″ topic=”7.4-5.Population_Genetics_and_Hardy-Weinberg”] Explain the importance of mutation in evolution.

[a] Mutation is the ultimate source of genetic variation within and between populations. Active mutations are the basis of the phenotypic variation upon which natural selection acts.

[q json=”true” yy=”4″ unit=”7.Evolution_and_Natural_Selection” dataset_id=”Unit 7 Population Genetics FC Dataset|1c82269b21bedc” question_number=”10″ topic=”7.4-5.Population_Genetics_and_Hardy-Weinberg”] What is the Hardy-Weinberg principle? In your response, include the five features of a population that”s in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

[a] The Hardy-Weinberg principle describes an idealized, non-evolving population. This population has 5 features, and if any of these are not adhered to, allele frequencies in that population will change.

These features are 1) infinitely large population (preventing genetic drift); 2) no harmful or beneficial alleles (preventing natural selection); 3) random mating (preventing sexual selection); 4) no emigration or immigration (preventing gene flow) and 5) no net mutation of one allele into another (which would decrease the frequency of the former allele and increase the frequency of the latter).

[q json=”true” yy=”5″ unit=”7.Evolution_and_Natural_Selection” question_number=”11″ dataset_id=”Unit 7 Population Genetics FC Dataset|1c820f52aad6dc” topic=”7.4-5.Population_Genetics_and_Hardy-Weinberg”] Describe the meaning of the Hardy Weinberg equation p + q = 1.

[a] In the Hardy-Weinberg equations, p = the frequency of the dominant allele and q = the frequency of the recessive allele. The first Hardy Weinberg equation is p + q = 1, which means that for a particular gene locus with only two alleles, the frequency of the dominant allele plus the frequency of the recessive allele equals 100% of the alleles at that locus. Using that equation, if you know the frequency of either the dominant or the recessive allele, you can figure out the other one.

[q json=”true” yy=”5″ unit=”7.Evolution_and_Natural_Selection” question_number=”12″ dataset_id=”Unit 7 Population Genetics FC Dataset|1c81eeba045edc” topic=”7.4-5.Population_Genetics_and_Hardy-Weinberg”]

Describe the meaning of the Hardy Weinberg equation p² + 2pq + q² = 1.
Explain what this equation enables you to figure out about a population”s genetic structure.

[a] The equation, p² + 2pq + q² = 1, means that the frequency of homozygous dominant individuals (p²), plus the frequency of heterozygotes (2pq), plus the frequency of all the recessive individuals (q²) = all the individuals in the population. Once you know the frequency of recessives (which you can identify by phenotype), then you can figure out the frequency of q (it’s the square root of the frequency of recessives). Then you can figure out the frequency of the dominant allele (1-q= p), and then the frequency of heterozygotes (2pq).

[q json=”true” yy=”4″ dataset_id=”Unit 7 Population Genetics FC Dataset|1c8159b70b5edc” question_number=”13″ unit=”7.Evolution_and_Natural_Selection” topic=”7.4-5.Population_Genetics_and_Hardy-Weinberg”] Sickle cell disease is caused by a recessive allele in the gene for hemoglobin. It can significantly decrease quality of life and lifespan. Yet the allele is in high frequency in certain populations. Explain.

[a] Sickle cell disease occurs only in children born with two copies of the recessive allele that codes for a defective form of hemoglobin. Heterozygotes, with only one mutated version of the hemoglobin gene, can experience a small amount of sickling, but not enough to generate the pain crises and tissue damage experienced by homozygotes. However, the change in hemoglobin chemistry creates a hostile environment for the Plasmodium parasite that causes malaria. The result is that heterozygotes have resistance to malaria, resulting in natural selection that has increased the frequency of the sickling allele in populations that live in malaria-prone areas. This phenomenon is called heterozygote advantage, and it can explain the high frequency of an allele that is harmful in homozygotes.

[x] [restart]

[/qdeck]

2. Population Genetics Cumulative Quiz (Speed Trial)

[qwiz quiz_timer=”true” random=”true” style=”width: 600px !important; min-height: 450px !important;” dataset=”Unit 7 Population Genetics Speed Trial Dataset” qrecord_id=”sciencemusicvideosMeister1961-Population Genetics Cumulative Speed-Trial (v2.0)”]

[h] Population Genetics Cumulative Quiz

[i]Notice the timer in the upper right. See how high you can get on the leaderboard on this 50-question quiz.

[q json=”true” topic=”alleles in populations” dataset_id=”Unit 7 Population Genetics Speed Trial Dataset|1e91af5d3dab29″ question_number=”4″ multiple_choice=”true” unit=”Population_Genetics”] The total of all the alleles for all of the genes in a population is known as its

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[Qq]

[q json=”true” topic=”alleles in populations” dataset_id=”Unit 7 Population Genetics Speed Trial Dataset|1e91593785b729″ question_number=”7″ multiple_choice=”true” unit=”Population_Genetics”] The diagram below represents a gene pool for a population of five individuals with five genes. Which of the following alleles is a fixed allele?

[c]IGdlbmUgMQ==[Qq]

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[c]IGdlbm UgMi4=[Qq]

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[Qq]

[q json=”true” topic=”alleles in populations” dataset_id=”Unit 7 Population Genetics Speed Trial Dataset|1e90e279274b29″ question_number=”11″ multiple_choice=”true” unit=”Population_Genetics”] Cheetahs, compared to other wild populations of cats, have

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[Qq]

[q json=”true” topic=”determining_allele_frequency” dataset_id=”Unit 7 Population Genetics Speed Trial Dataset|1e90c688989b29″ question_number=”12″ multiple_choice=”true” unit=”Population_Genetics”] Allele frequency is

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[Qq]

[q json=”true” topic=”determining_allele_frequency” dataset_id=”Unit 7 Population Genetics Speed Trial Dataset|1e90a843fe0729″ question_number=”13″ multiple_choice=”true” unit=”Population_Genetics”] The letters below represent the alleles for a single gene that controls fur color in a population of mice. In this population, the frequency of the ‘a’ allele is

aa	Aa	aa	Aa
Aa	aa	aa	aa
aa	Aa	aa	Aa

[c]IDUwJQ==[Qq]

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[Qq]

[q json=”true” topic=”determining_allele_frequency” dataset_id=”Unit 7 Population Genetics Speed Trial Dataset|1e906bbac8df29″ question_number=”15″ multiple_choice=”true” unit=”Population_Genetics”] The letters below represent the alleles for a single gene that controls fur color in a population of mice. In this population, the frequency of the recessive allele is

Aa	aa	aa	Aa	aa	aa	Aa	aa
Aa	aa	AA	Aa	Aa	aa	Aa	aa

[c]IDIz[Qq]

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[Qq]

[q json=”true” topic=”determining_allele_frequency” dataset_id=”Unit 7 Population Genetics Speed Trial Dataset|1e902835700b29″ question_number=”17″ multiple_choice=”true” unit=”Population_Genetics”] If an allele is fixed in a population, then its frequency would be

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[Qq]

[q json=”true” topic=”determining_allele_frequency” dataset_id=”Unit 7 Population Genetics Speed Trial Dataset|1e9002f4b1cb29″ question_number=”18″ multiple_choice=”true” unit=”Population_Genetics”] Which of the following is true about purebred dogs?

[c]IEZvciBtb3N0IG9mIHRoZSBnZW5lcyBpbiB0aGUgZG9nIGdlbm9tZSwgcHVyZWJyZWQgZG9ncyBhcmUgbW9yZSBoZXRlcm96eWdvdXMgdGhhbiBtdXR0cy4=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBQdXJlYnJlZCBkb2dzIGhhdmUgYmVlbiBicmVkIGZvciB0aGUgcHJlZGljdGFibGUgdHJhaXRzIG9mIHRoZWlyIGJyZWVkLiBGb3IgdGhlc2UgdHJhaXRzLCBtZW1iZXJzIG9mIGEgcHVyZWJyZWQgYnJlZWQgYXJlIG1vc3RseSBob21venlnb3VzLg==[Qq]

[c]IFRoZXkgaGF2ZSBtYW55IG1vcmUgZml4 ZWQgYWxsZWxlcyB0aGFuIG11dHRzLg==[Qq]

[f]IFllcy4gUHVyZWJyZWQgZG9ncyBoYXZlLCB0aHJvdWdoIHRoZSBwcm9jZXNzIG9mIHNlbGVjdGl2ZSBicmVlZGluZywgYmVjb21lIGV4dHJlbWVseSBob21venlnb3VzIGF0IG1hbnkgYWxsZWxlcywgbGVhZGluZyB0byBtYW55IGZpeGVkIGFsbGVsZXMgd2l0aGluIHRoZWlyIHBvcHVsYXRpb25zLg==

Cg==

[Qq]

[q json=”true” topic=”natural_selection_in_gene_pools” dataset_id=”Unit 7 Population Genetics Speed Trial Dataset|1e8fc66b7ca329″ question_number=”20″ multiple_choice=”true” unit=”Population_Genetics”] True or false? In any population, the most common allele is the dominant allele.

[c]IFRydWU=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBUaGUgZnJlcXVlbmN5IG9mIGFuIGFsbGVsZSBoYXMgbm90aGluZyB0byBkbyB3aXRoIHdoZXRoZXIgaXTigJlzIGRvbWluYW50IG9yIHJlY2Vzc2l2ZS4=wqAgSnVzdCB0aGluayBhYm91dCB0aGUgZmFjdCB0aGF0IHNvbWUgZGlzZWFzZS1yZWxhdGVkIGFsbGVsZXMgYXJlIGRvbWluYW50LCB5ZXQgcmFyZSAobGlrZSB0aGUgYWxsZWxlIGZvciBhY2hvbmRyb3BsYXNpYWMgZHdhcmZpc20pLiBPciB0aGUgZmFjdCB0aGF0IGluIHRoZSBTY2FuZGluYXZpYW4gY291bnRyaWVzLCBzb21lIHBoZW5vdHlwZXMgY29udHJvbGxlZCBieSByZWNlc3NpdmUgYWxsZWxlcyAoYmx1ZSBleWVzLCBmb3IgZXhhbXBsZSkgYXJlIHRoZSBtb3N0IGNvbW1vbi4=[Qq]

[c]IEZh bHNl[Qq]

[f]IENvcnJlY3QuIFRoZSBmcmVxdWVuY3kgb2YgYW4gYWxsZWxlIGhhcyBub3RoaW5nIHRvIGRvIHdpdGggd2hldGhlciBpdOKAmXMgZG9taW5hbnQgb3IgcmVjZXNzaXZlLiBSZWNlc3NpdmUgYWxsZWxlcyBjYW4gYmUgbW9yZSBjb21tb24gdGhhdCBkb21pbmFudCBhbGxlbGVzLiBJdCBhbGwgZGVwZW5kcyBvbiB0aGUgYWxsZWxlLCB0aGUgZXZvbHV0aW9uYXJ5IGhpc3Rvcnkgb2YgdGhlIHBvcHVsYXRpb24sIGFuZCBzZWxlY3RpdmUgcHJlc3N1cmVzIGZyb20gdGhlIGVudmlyb25tZW50Lg==

Cg==

[Qq]

[q json=”true” topic=”natural_selection_in_gene_pools” dataset_id=”Unit 7 Population Genetics Speed Trial Dataset|1e8f82e623cf29″ question_number=”22″ multiple_choice=”true” unit=”Population_Genetics”] Natural selection acts on an organism’s

[c]IGdlbm90eXBl[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBUaGUgZ2Vub3R5cGUgaXMgdGhlIHVuZGVybHlpbmcgZ2VuZXMuIE5hdHVyYWwgc2VsZWN0aW9uICh0aGUgZW52aXJvbm1lbnQpIGNhbuKAmXQgc2VlIHRoZSB1bmRlcmx5aW5nIGdlbmVzLiBJdCBjYW4gb25seSBzZWUgdGhlIGV4cHJlc3Npb24gb2YgdGhvc2UgZ2VuZXMu[Qq]

[c]IFBoZW5v dHlwZQ==[Qq]

[f]IEV4YWN0bHkuIE5hdHVyYWwgc2VsZWN0aW9uICh0aGUgZW52aXJvbm1lbnQpIGNhbiBvbmx5IGFjdCB1cG9uIGFuIG9yZ2FuaXNt4oCZcyA=cGhlbm90eXBlLg==

Cg==

[Qq]

[q json=”true” topic=”natural_selection_in_gene_pools” dataset_id=”Unit 7 Population Genetics Speed Trial Dataset|1e8f64a1893b29″ question_number=”23″ multiple_choice=”true” unit=”Population_Genetics”] What evolves? Populations or individuals?

[c]IHBvcHVs YXRpb25z[Qq]

[f]IFllcy4gT25lIHdheSB0byBsb29rIGF0IGV2b2x1dGlvbiBpcyBhcyBhIHNoaWZ0IGluIHRoZSBhbGxlbGUgZnJlcXVlbmNpZXMgaW4gYSBwb3B1bGF0aW9u4oCZcyBnZW5lIHBvb2wuIEluZGl2aWR1YWxzIGdldCBzZWxlY3RlZCB0byBzdXJ2aXZlIGFuZCByZXByb2R1Y2UuIFBvcHVsYXRpb25zIGV2b2x2ZS4=[Qq]

[c]IEluZGl2aWR1YWxz[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBPbmUgd2F5IHRvIGxvb2sgYXQgZXZvbHV0aW9uIGlzIGFzIGEgc2hpZnQgaW4gdGhlIGFsbGVsZSBmcmVxdWVuY2llcyBpbiBhIHBvcHVsYXRpb27igJlzIGdlbmUgcG9vbC4gSW5kaXZpZHVhbHMgZ2V0IHNlbGVjdGVkIHRvIHN1cnZpdmUgYW5kIHJlcHJvZHVjZS4gV2hhdCBldm9sdmVzPw==

Cg==

[Qq]

[q json=”true” topic=”natural_selection_in_gene_pools” dataset_id=”Unit 7 Population Genetics Speed Trial Dataset|1e8f2818541329″ question_number=”25″ multiple_choice=”true” unit=”Population_Genetics”] In the rock pocket mouse, allele “b” codes for light coloration. Allele “B” codes for darker coloration, as is shown in the table below. If a population of mice is living on dark, volcanic rock, which of the following would most likely be correct?

[c]IE93bHMgd2lsbCBkaXJlY3RseSBzZWxlY3QgYWdhaW5zdCBkYXJrIGZ1ci4=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBJbiBhIGRhcmstY29sb3JlZCBlbnZpcm9ubWVudCwgdGhlIG93bHMgd2lsbCBiZSBjYXRjaGluZyBhbmQgZWF0aW5nIG1vcmUgb2YgdGhlIG1pY2Ugd2l0aCBsaWdodCBmdXIuIEluIG90aGVyIHdvcmRzLCBwcmVkYXRpb24gYnkgb3dscyByZXN1bHRzIGluIHNlbGVjdGlvbiBGT1IgdGhlIGRhcmstZnVycmVkIHBoZW5vdHlwZS4gVGhpcyBpcyBiZWNhdXNlIHRoZSBkYXJrLWZ1cnJlZCBtaWNlIHdpbGwgYmUgZWF0ZW4gbGVzcywgYW5kIHdpbGwgc3Vydml2ZSBtb3JlLCBlbmFibGluZyB0aGVtIHRvIHJlcHJvZHVjZS4=[Qq]

[c]IE93bHMgd2lsbCBkaXJlY3RseSBzZWxlY3QgYWdhaW5zdCB0aGUg4oCcQuKAnSBhbGxlbGUu4oCd[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBBIHByZWRhdG9yIGlzIG9ubHkgZ29pbmcgdG8gc2VlIHRoZSBwaGVub3R5cGUsIG5vdCB0aGUgZ2Vub3R5cGUuIFRoZSBvd2xzIGNhbuKAmXQgc2VlIHRoZSDigJhC4oCZIGFsbGVsZS4gV2hhdCBwaGVub3R5cGUgY2FuIHRoZXkgc2VlPw==[Qq]

[c]IE93bHMgd2lsbCBkaXJlY3RseSBzZWxlY3QgYWdhaW5zdCB0aGUg4oCcYmLigJ0gZ2Vub3R5cGUu[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBBIHByZWRhdG9yIGlzIG9ubHkgZ29pbmcgdG8gc2VlIHRoZSBwaGVub3R5cGUsIG5vdCB0aGUgZ2Vub3R5cGUuIFRoZSBvd2xzIGNhbuKAmXQgc2VlIGEgZ2Vub3R5cGUuIFdoYXQgcGhlbm90eXBlIGNhbiB0aGV5IHNlZT8gVGhhdOKAmXMgdGhlIHBoZW5vdHlwZSB0aGV54oCZbGwgYmUgc2VsZWN0aW5nIGFnYWluc3Qu[Qq]

[c]IE93bHMgd2lsbCBkaXJlY3RseSBzZW xlY3QgYWdhaW5zdCBsaWdodCBmdXIu[Qq]

[f]IENvcnJlY3QuIEluIGEgZGFyay1jb2xvcmVkIGVudmlyb25tZW50LCBvd2xzIHdpbGwgc2VlIGFuZCBlYXQgbWljZSB3aXRoIGxpZ2h0IGZ1ci4gSW4gb3RoZXIgd29yZHMsIHRoZSBvd2xzIGFyZSBzZWxlY3RpbmcgYWdhaW5zdCB0aGUgbGlnaHQtZnVycmVkIHBoZW5vdHlwZS4=

Cg==

Jm5ic3A7

Cg==

[Qq]

[q json=”true” topic=”natural_selection_in_gene_pools” dataset_id=”Unit 7 Population Genetics Speed Trial Dataset|1e8f09d3b97f29″ question_number=”26″ multiple_choice=”true” unit=”Population_Genetics”] Natural selection changes

[c]IFBoZW5vdHlwZXMgaW4gaW5kaXZpZHVhbHM=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBOYXR1cmUgY2FuIHNlbGVjdCBhIHBoZW5vdHlwZSBmb3Igc3Vydml2YWwgYW5kIHJlcHJvZHVjdGlvbi4gQnV0IHRoZSBzZWxlY3Rpb24gcHJvY2VzcyBkb2VzbuKAmXQgY2hhbmdlIHRoYXQgcGhlbm90eXBlLiBPdmVyIHRpbWUsIHdoYXQgY2hhbmdlcz8=[Qq]

[c]IEdlbm90eXBlcyBpbiBpbmRpdmlkdWFscw==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBUaGUgZW52aXJvbm1lbnQgZG9lc27igJl0IGNoYW5nZSBhbiBvcmdhbmlzbeKAmXMgZ2Vub3R5cGUuIEV2b2x1dGlvbmFyeSBjaGFuZ2UgZG9lc27igJl0IGhhcHBlbiBvbiBhbiBpbmRpdmlkdWFsIGxldmVsLiBXaGF04oCZcyB0aGUgbGV2ZWwgb2YgYmlvbG9naWNhbCBvcmdhbml6YXRpb24gdGhhdOKAmXMgbGFyZ2VyIHRoYW4gdGhlIGluZGl2aWR1YWwgKGFuZCB0aGUgbGV2ZWwgb24gd2hpY2ggZXZvbHV0aW9uYXJ5IGNoYW5nZSBvY2N1cnM/KQ==[Qq]

[c]IEFsbGVsZSBmcmVxdWVuY2ll cyBpbiBwb3B1bGF0aW9ucw==[Qq]

[f]IENvcnJlY3QuIEJ5IHNlbGVjdGluZyBwaGVub3R5cGVzLCBuYXR1cmFsIHNlbGVjdGlvbiBjaGFuZ2VzIHRoZSBhbGxlbGUgZnJlcXVlbmNpZXMgb2YgYSBwb3B1bGF0aW9uLg==

Cg==

Jm5ic3A7

Cg==

[Qq]

[q json=”true” topic=”natural_selection_in_gene_pools” dataset_id=”Unit 7 Population Genetics Speed Trial Dataset|1e8ee93b130729″ question_number=”27″ multiple_choice=”true” unit=”Population_Genetics”] In a gene pool, a dominant allele has a frequency of 0.2 (20%) and the recessive allele has a frequency of 0.8 (80%). If neither allele is for a phenotype that is being acted upon by the environment, then after 10 generations, you would expect that

[c]IHRoZSBhbGxlbGUgZnJlcXVlbmNpZXMgd2 lsbCByZW1haW4gYWJvdXQgdGhlIHNhbWUu[Qq]

[f]IFllcy4gVW5sZXNzIHNvbWUgZm9yY2UgbGlrZSBuYXR1cmFsIHNlbGVjdGlvbiBpcyBhY3RpbmcgdXBvbiBhIHBvcHVsYXRpb24sIHRoZSBmcmVxdWVuY3kgb2YgdGhlIGFsbGVsZXMgdGhhdCBtYWtlIHVwIGl0cyBnZW5lIHBvb2wgc2hvdWxkIHJlbWFpbiBhYm91dCB0aGUgc2FtZS4=[Qq]

[c]IFRoZSByZWNlc3NpdmUgYWxsZWxlLCBiZWNhdXNlIGl04oCZcyBhbHJlYWR5IHNvIG11Y2ggbW9yZSBjb21tb24sIHdpbGwgYmVjb21lIGZpeGVkIGF0IDEuMCBvciAxMDAl[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBUaGVyZeKAmXMgbm8gYnVpbHQtaW4gdGVuZGVuY3kgZm9yIGZyZXF1ZW50IGFsbGVsZXMgdG8gYmVjb21lIG1vcmUgZnJlcXVlbnQuIFVubGVzcyBzb21lIGZvcmNlIGxpa2UgbmF0dXJhbCBzZWxlY3Rpb24gaXMgYWN0aW5nIHVwb24gYSBwb3B1bGF0aW9uLCB0aGUgZnJlcXVlbmN5IG9mIHRoZSBhbGxlbGVzIHRoYXQgbWFrZSB1cCBpdHMgZ2VuZSBwb29sIHNob3VsZCByZW1haW4gYWJvdXQgdGhlIHNhbWUu[Qq]

[c]IFRoZSBkb21pbmFudCBhbGxlbGUsIGJlY2F1c2UgaXQgZG9taW5hdGVzIHRoZSByZWNlc3NpdmUgYWxsZWxlLCB3aWxsIHN0ZWFkaWx5IGluY3JlYXNlIGluIGZyZXF1ZW5jeS4=[Qq]

[f]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

Cg==

Jm5ic3A7

Cg==

[Qq]

[q json=”true” topic=”why_harmful_alleles_persist” dataset_id=”Unit 7 Population Genetics Speed Trial Dataset|1e8ecd4a845729″ question_number=”28″ multiple_choice=”true” unit=”Population_Genetics”] True or false: because of natural selection, harmful alleles will disappear from a gene pool.

[c]IFRydWU=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBXaGlsZSBoYXJtZnVsIHJlY2Vzc2l2ZSBhbGxlbGVzIHdpbGwgYmUgc2VsZWN0ZWQgYWdhaW5zdCwgaXTigJlzIGFsbW9zdCBpbXBvc3NpYmxlIGZvciB0aGVtIHRvIGNvbXBsZXRlbHkgZGlzYXBwZWFyIGZyb20gYSBnZW5lIHBvb2wuIFRoYXTigJlzIGJlY2F1c2UgbmF0dXJhbCBzZWxlY3Rpb24gY2FuIG9ubHkg4oCYc2Vl4oCZIHRoZSBwaGVub3R5cGUsIG5vdCB0aGUgZ2Vub3R5cGUuIFJlY2Vzc2l2ZSBhbGxlbGVzIGNhbiBoaWRlIG91dCBpbiBoZXRlcm96eWdvdGVzLCBhbGxvd2luZyB0aGVtIHRvIHBlcnNpc3QgaW4gZ2VuZSBwb29scy4=[Qq]

[c]IEZh bHNl[Qq]

[f]IENvcnJlY3QuIEJlY2F1c2UgcmVjZXNzaXZlIGFsbGVsZXMgY2FuIGhpZGUgb3V0IGluIGhldGVyb3p5Z290ZXMsIHRoZXkgY2FuIHBlcnNpc3QgaW4gZ2VuZSBwb29scywgcHJhY3RpY2FsbHkgaW5kZWZpbml0ZWx5Lg==

Cg==

[Qq]

[q json=”true” topic=”why_harmful_alleles_persist” dataset_id=”Unit 7 Population Genetics Speed Trial Dataset|1e8ea809c61729″ question_number=”29″ multiple_choice=”true” unit=”Population_Genetics”] Which type of genotype allows for recessive alleles to hide out, shielded from natural selection?

[c]IGhvbW96eWdvdXMgcmVjZXNzaXZlcw==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBIb21venlnb3VzIHJlY2Vzc2l2ZXMgaGF2ZSB0d28gY29waWVzIG9mIHRoZSByZWNlc3NpdmUgYWxsZWxlLiBXaGF0ZXZlciBwaGVub3R5cGUgdGhhdCBhbGxlbGUgaXMgY29ubmVjdGVkIHdpdGggd2lsbCBiZSBmdWxseSBleHBvc2VkIHRvIG5hdHVyYWwgc2VsZWN0aW9uLiBOZXh0IHRpbWUsIHRoaW5rIGFib3V0IHdoaWNoIGtpbmQgb2YgaW5kaXZpZHVhbCBjb3VsZCBwb3NzZXNzIGEgcmVjZXNzaXZlIGFsbGVsZSwgYnV0IG5vdCBleHByZXNzIHRoYXQgYWxsZWxlIGluIGhpcyBvciBoZXIgcGhlbm90eXBlLg==[Qq]

[c]IGhldGVyb3 p5Z290ZXM=[Qq]

[f]IENvcnJlY3QuIEluIGEgaGV0ZXJvenlnb3RlcywgYSByZWNlc3NpdmUgYWxsZWxlIHdpbGwgYmUgbWFza2VkIGJ5IHRoZSBkb21pbmFudCBhbGxlbGUuIFRoaXMgYWxsb3dzIHRoZSByZWNlc3NpdmUgYWxsZWxlIHRvIGhpZGUgb3V0IGluIHRoZSBoZXRlcm96eWdvdGUsIHNoaWVsZGluZyBpdCBmcm9tIG5hdHVyYWwgc2VsZWN0aW9uLg==[Qq]

[c]IGhvbW96eWdvdXMgZG9taW5hbnRz[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBIb21venlnb3VzIGRvbWluYW50cyBkb27igJl0IGNhcnJ5IGFueSBjb3BpZXMgb2YgdGhlIHJlY2Vzc2l2ZSBhbGxlbGUuIE5leHQgdGltZSwgdGhpbmsgYWJvdXQgd2hpY2gga2luZCBvZiBpbmRpdmlkdWFsIGNvdWxkIHBvc3Nlc3MgYSByZWNlc3NpdmUgYWxsZWxlLCBidXQgbm90IGV4cHJlc3MgdGhhdCBhbGxlbGUgaW4gaGlzIG9yIGhlciBwaGVub3R5cGUu

Cg==

[Qq]

[q json=”true” topic=”why_harmful_alleles_persist” dataset_id=”Unit 7 Population Genetics Speed Trial Dataset|1e8e0e5eb54f29″ question_number=”34″ multiple_choice=”true” unit=”Population_Genetics”] UNIT 5 (GENETICS) REVIEW: The pedigree chart below shows the inheritance of a lethal recessive allele. If ‘B’ represents the normal allele, and ‘b’ the recessive allele, what would be the genotype of IV-2?

[c]IMKgQkI=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBJbiBhIHBlZGlncmVlIGNoYXJ0LCBpZiB0aGUgc3F1YXJlIG9yIGNpcmNsZSBpcyBjb2xvcmVkIGluLCBpdCBtZWFucyB0aGF0IHRoZSBpbmRpdmlkdWFsIGhhcyB0aGUgY29uZGl0aW9uLiBBbiBpbmRpdmlkdWFsIHdpdGggZ2Vub3R5cGUgQkLCoHdpbGwgbm90IGhhdmUgdGhlIGNvbmRpdGlvbiwgc28gSVYtMiBjb3VsZCBub3QgYmUg4oCYQkIu4oCZ[Qq]

[c]IMKg YmI=[Qq]

[f]IFllcy4gVGhlIGZpbGxlZC1pbiBjaXJjbGUgaW5kaWNhdGVzIHRoYXQgdGhpcyBnaXJsIGhhcyB0aGUgY29uZGl0aW9uLiBTaW5jZSB0aGUgY29uZGl0aW9uIGlzIHJlY2Vzc2l2ZSwgdGhlIG9ubHkgd2F5IHRoYXQgeW91IGNhbiBoYXZlIGl0IGlzIHRvIGJlIGhvbW96eWdvdXMsIG1ha2luZyDigJhiYuKAmSB0aGUgb25seSBwb3NzaWJsZSBnZW5vdHlwZS4=[Qq]

[c]IMKgQmI=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBJbiBhIHBlZGlncmVlIGNoYXJ0LCBpZiB0aGUgc3F1YXJlIG9yIGNpcmNsZSBpcyBjb2xvcmVkIGluLCBpdCBtZWFucyB0aGF0IHRoZSBpbmRpdmlkdWFsIGhhcyB0aGUgY29uZGl0aW9uLiBBbiBpbmRpdmlkdWFsIHdpdGggZ2Vub3R5cGUgQmIgaXMgaGV0ZXJvenlnb3VzIGZvciB0aGUgZG9taW5hbnQgcGhlbm90eXBlIGFuZCBkb2VzIG5vdCBoYXZlIHRoZSBjb25kaXRpb24u

Cg==

[Qq]

[q json=”true” topic=”why_harmful_alleles_persist” dataset_id=”Unit 7 Population Genetics Speed Trial Dataset|1e8dac94c1e729″ question_number=”37″ multiple_choice=”true” unit=”Population_Genetics”] Achondroplasia, a genetic form of dwarfism, is caused by a dominant allele. Which of the following is NOT a reason why achondroplasia has stayed in the gene pool? In other words, from the list below, find the FALSE statement.

[c]IE9jY2FzaW9uYWxseSwgbm9ybWFsIGFsbGVsZXMgbXV0YXRlIGludG8gdGhlIGFjaG9uZHJvcGxhc2lhIGFsbGVsZS4=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBSZW1lbWJlciB0aGF0IHlvdeKAmXJlIGxvb2tpbmcgZm9yIGEgZmFsc2Ugc3RhdGVtZW50LiBUaGlzIG9uZeKAmXMgdHJ1ZS4gV2hpbGUgYWNob25kcm9wbGFzaWEgaXMgdW5jb21tb24sIGFtb25nIGFjaG9uZHJvcGxhc2lhY3MgaXTigJlzIG5vdCB1bmNvbW1vbiBmb3IgdHdvIG5vcm1hbC1zaXplZCBwYXJlbnRzIHRvIGhhdmUgYSBjaGlsZCB3aXRoIGFjaG9uZHJvcGxhc2lhLiBUaGUgbmV3IGFsbGVsZSBpcyBhIG11dGF0aW9uLg==[Qq]

[c]IEFjaG9uZHJvcGxhc2lhY3MgaGF2ZSBzb21lIGhlYWx0aCBwcm9ibGVtcywgYnV0IHRoZXkgY2FuIGJlY29tZSBhZHVsdHMgd2hvIGhhdmUgY2hpbGRyZW4gb2YgdGhlaXIgb3duLg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBSZW1lbWJlciB0aGF0IHlvdeKAmXJlIGxvb2tpbmcgZm9yIGEgZmFsc2Ugc3RhdGVtZW50Lg==wqAgSXQgaXMgdHJ1ZSB0aGF0IGFjaG9uZHJvcGxhc2lhY3MgY2FuIGhhdmUgY2hpbGRyZW4uIFdoZW4gdGhleSBkbywgdGhlcmXigJlzIGEgMSBpbiAyIGNoYW5jZSB0aGF0IHRoZXnigJlsbCBwYXNzIG9uIHRoZWlyIGFjaG9uZHJvcGxhc2lhIGFsbGVsZSAoYWNob25kcm9wbGFzaWFjcyBhcmUgbmV2ZXIgaG9tb3p5Z291cyBkb21pbmFudHM6IHRoYXQgY29tYmluYXRpb24gaXMgbGV0aGFsKS4=[Qq]

[c]IERvbWluYW50IGFsbGVsZXMsIGJlY2F1c2UgdGhleeKAmXJlIGRvbWluYW 50LCB0ZW5kIHRvIGluY3JlYXNlIGluIGZyZXF1ZW5jeSBvdmVyIHRpbWUu[Qq]

[f]IEV4Y2VsbGVudC4gWW914oCZdmUgZm91bmQgdGhlIA==ZmFsc2U=IHN0YXRlbWVudC4gRG9taW5hbnQgYWxsZWxlcyBhcmUgb25seSBkb21pbmFudCBiZWNhdXNlIHdoZW4gdGhleeKAmXJlIHBhaXJlZCB3aXRoIGEgcmVjZXNzaXZlIGFsbGVsZSwgdGhlIGRvbWluYW50IGFsbGVsZSBkZXRlcm1pbmVzIHRoZSBwaGVub3R5cGUuIA==T24gYSBwb3B1bGF0aW9uIGxldmVsLCB0aGV5IHNob3cgbm8gdGVuZGVuY3kgdG8gZ3JvdyBvciBzcHJlYWQu

[Qq]

[q json=”true” topic=”why_harmful_alleles_persist” dataset_id=”Unit 7 Population Genetics Speed Trial Dataset|1e8d90a4333729″ question_number=”38″ multiple_choice=”true” unit=”Population_Genetics”] Huntington’s disease is caused by a dominant allele. Why does it persist in the gene pool?

[c]IEJlY2F1c2UgZG9taW5hbnQgYWxsZWxlcywgc2luY2UgdGhleeKAmXJlIGRvbWluYW50LCB0ZW5kIHRvIGluY3JlYXNlIGluIGZyZXF1ZW5jeSBvdmVyIHRpbWUu[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBUaGlzIGlzIGEgbWFqb3IgbWlzY29uY2VwdGlvbiBpbiBwb3B1bGF0aW9uIGdlbmV0aWNzLCBhbmQgeW91IHNob3VsZCByZS1yZWFkIHRoZSBtaXNjb25jZXB0aW9uIGFsZXJ0IGVhcmxpZXIgaW4gdGhpcyB0dXRvcmlhbCBzZXJpZXMuIERvbWluYW50IGFsbGVsZXMgYXJlIG9ubHkgZG9taW5hbnQgd2hlbiB0aGV54oCZcmUgcGFpcmVkIHdpdGggYSByZWNlc3NpdmUgYWxsZWxlLiBJbiB0aGF0IHNpdHVhdGlvbiwgdGhlIGRvbWluYW50IGFsbGVsZSBkZXRlcm1pbmVzIHRoZSBwaGVub3R5cGUuIE9uIGEgcG9wdWxhdGlvbiBsZXZlbCwgdGhleSBzaG93IG5vIHRlbmRlbmN5IHRvIGdyb3cgb3Igc3ByZWFkLg==[Qq]

[c]IEh1bnRpbmd0b27igJlzIGRpc2Vhc2 Ugc2V0cyBpbiBsYXRlciBpbiBsaWZl[Qq]

[f]IEV4YWN0bHkuIEh1bnRpbmd0b27igJlzIGRpc2Vhc2Ugc2V0cyBpbiBsYXRlIGluIGxpZmUuIFRocm91Z2hvdXQgaGlzdG9yeSAoZXNwZWNpYWxseSB3aGVuIGxpZmUgc3BhbnMgd2VyZSBzaG9ydGVyIHRoYW4gdGhleSBhcmUgdG9kYXkgYW5kIHRoZXJlIHdhcyBsZXNzIGtub3dsZWRnZSBvZiBnZW5ldGljcyksIHBlb3BsZSB3aXRoIEh1bnRpbmd0b27igJlzIHJlcHJvZHVjZWQgYmVmb3JlIHRoZXkga25ldyB0aGV5IGhhZCB0aGUgZGlzZWFzZSwgb3IgdW5kZXJzdG9vZCB0aGF0IHRoZXkgY291bGQgcGFzcyBpdCBvbiB0byB0aGVpciBvZmZzcHJpbmcu

Cg==

[Qq]

[q json=”true” topic=”gene_pools_and_mutation” dataset_id=”Unit 7 Population Genetics Speed Trial Dataset|1e8d51c6f22b29″ question_number=”40″ multiple_choice=”true” unit=”Population_Genetics”] True or false? When the environment changes, a population will evolve new mutations in order to be able to adapt.

[c]IFRydWU=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBNdXRhdGlvbnMgYXJlIHJhbmRvbS4gRXZvbHV0aW9uYXJ5IGFkYXB0YXRpb24gaXMgYWJvdXQgcHJldmlvdXNseSBleGlzdGluZyB2YXJpYXRpb25zIGJlaW5nIHNlbGVjdGVkIGJ5IHRoZSBlbnZpcm9ubWVudCwgYW5kIGFsbGVsZSBmcmVxdWVuY2llcyBzaGlmdGluZyBpbiByZXNwb25zZS4=[Qq]

[c]IEZh bHNl[Qq]

[f]IFRoYXTigJlzIGNvcnJlY3QuIE11dGF0aW9ucyBhcmUgcmFuZG9tLiBFdm9sdXRpb25hcnkgYWRhcHRhdGlvbiBpcyBhYm91dCBwcmV2aW91c2x5IGV4aXN0aW5nIHZhcmlhdGlvbnMgYmVpbmcgc2VsZWN0ZWQgYnkgdGhlIGVudmlyb25tZW50LCBhbmQgYWxsZWxlIGZyZXF1ZW5jaWVzIHNoaWZ0aW5nIGluIHJlc3BvbnNlLg==

Cg==

[Qq]

[q json=”true” topic=”gene_pools_and_mutation” dataset_id=”Unit 7 Population Genetics Speed Trial Dataset|1e8d12e9b11f29″ question_number=”42″ multiple_choice=”true” unit=”Population_Genetics”] A mutation causes a nucleotide sequence to change from

TGAGGTCTCCTC

TGAGGCCTCCTC

Both sequences code for the same amino acid sequence.

This type of mutation is known as a

[c]IGluc2VydGlvbiBtdXRhdGlvbg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBBbiBpbnNlcnRpb24gbXV0YXRpb24gd291bGQgYWRkIGEgbmV3IG51Y2xlb3RpZGUgc29tZXdoZXJlIGluIHRoZSBudWNsZW90aWRlIHNlcXVlbmNlLCBhbmQgcHVzaCBhbGwgdGhlIG90aGVyIG51Y2xlb3RpZGVzIG92ZXIgb25lIHBvc2l0aW9uLiBUaGUgbWFpbiBjb25zZXF1ZW5jZSBvZiB0aGlzIGlzIHRoYXQgaXQgY2hhbmdlcyB0aGUgcmVhZGluZyBmcmFtZSwgYW5kIGNoYW5nZXMgZXZlcnkgY29kb24gZG93bnN0cmVhbSBvZiB0aGUgbXV0YXRpb24uIE5leHQgdGltZSwgY2hvb3NlIGEgdHlwZSBvZiBtdXRhdGlvbiB3aXRoIGEgbGVzcyBkcmFzdGljIGVmZmVjdC4=[Qq]

[c]IGRlbGV0aW9uIG11dGF0aW9u[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBBIGRlbGV0aW9uIG11dGF0aW9uIHdvdWxkIHJlbW92ZSBhIG51Y2xlb3RpZGUgc29tZXdoZXJlIGluIHRoZSBudWNsZW90aWRlIHNlcXVlbmNlLCBhbmQgcHVsbCBhbGwgdGhlIG90aGVyIG51Y2xlb3RpZGVzIG9uZSBwb3NpdGlvbiBmb3J3YXJkLiBUaGUgbWFpbiBjb25zZXF1ZW5jZSBvZiB0aGlzIGlzIHRoYXQgaXQgY2hhbmdlcyB0aGUgcmVhZGluZyBmcmFtZSwgYW5kIGNoYW5nZXMgZXZlcnkgY29kb24gZG93bnN0cmVhbSBvZiB0aGUgbXV0YXRpb24uIE5leHQgdGltZSwgY2hvb3NlIGEgdHlwZSBvZiBtdXRhdGlvbiB3aXRoIGEgbGVzcyBkcmFzdGljIGVmZmVjdC4=[Qq]

[c]IHNpbGVudCBt dXRhdGlvbg==[Qq]

[f]IEV4YWN0bHkuIEEgc2lsZW50IG11dGF0aW9uIGNoYW5nZXMgdGhlIEROQSwgYnV0IGRvZXNu4oCZdCBjaGFuZ2UgdGhlIGFtaW5vIGFjaWRzIHRoYXQgdGhlIHNlcXVlbmNlIGlzIGNvZGluZyBmb3Iu[Qq]

[c]IGZyYW1lc2hpZnQgbXV0YXRpb24=[Qq]

[f]IEEgZnJhbWVzaGlmdCBtdXRhdGlvbiByZXN1bHRzIGZyb20gZWl0aGVyIGluc2VydGluZyBvciBkZWxldGluZyBhIGJhc2UuIFRoZXNlIGluc2VydGlvbnMgY2hhbmdlIHRoZSByZWFkaW5nIGZyYW1lIGR1cmluZyB0cmFuc2xhdGlvbiwgYW5kIGNhdXNlIG1hbnkgb2YgdGhlIGFtaW5vIGFjaWRzIGluIHRoZSBwcm90ZWluIHRoYXQgdGhlIGdlbmUgY29kZXMgZm9yIHRvIGJlIGNoYW5nZWQuIEluIHRoZSBleGFtcGxlIGFib3ZlLCB3aGF0IHdlIGhhdmUgaXMgYSBzaW1wbGUgc3Vic3RpdHV0aW9uLCBhbmQgb25lIHRoYXQgZG9lc27igJl0IGNoYW5nZSBldmVuIG9uZSBhbWlubyBhY2lkLiBDaG9vc2UgYW5vdGhlciBhbnN3ZXIgbmV4dCB0aW1lLg==

Cg==

[Qq]

[q json=”true” topic=”gene_pools_and_mutation” dataset_id=”Unit 7 Population Genetics Speed Trial Dataset|1e8cf2510aa729″ question_number=”43″ multiple_choice=”true” unit=”Population_Genetics”] What’s the most likely effect of a mutation that deletes one nucleotide near the start of a gene?

[c]IFRoZSBtdXRhdGlvbiB3aWxsIGNhdXNlIGEgc2luZ2xlIGFtaW5vIGFjaWQgdG8gYmUgY2hhbmdlZCBpbiB0aGUgcHJvdGVpbiB0aGF0IHRoaXMgZ2VuZSBjb2RlcyBmb3Iu[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBJZiBhIHNpbmdsZSBudWNsZW90aWRlIGlzIGRlbGV0ZWQgbmVhciB0aGUgc3RhcnQgb2YgYSBnZW5lLCB0aGVuIHRoZSDigJhyZWFkaW5nIGZyYW1l4oCZIGZvciBhbGwgc3Vic2VxdWVudCBjb2RvbnMgd2lsbCBiZSBzaGlmdGVkLiBBbG1vc3QgYWxsIHRoZSBjb2RvbnMgd2lsbCBiZSBpbmNvcnJlY3RseSByZWFkLCBjaGFuZ2luZyBtYW55IGFtaW5vIGFjaWRzIGluIHRoYXQgcHJvdGVpbi4=[Qq]

[c]IFRoZSBtdXRhdGlvbiB3aWxsIGNhdXNlIGEgc2VyaWVzIG9mIGNoYW5nZXMg aW4gdGhlIGFtaW5vIGFjaWRzIHRoYXQgdGhlIGdlbmUgY29kZXMgZm9yLg==[Qq]

[f]IFRoYXTigJlzIHRoZSBtb3N0IGxpa2VseSByZXN1bHQuIElmIGEgc2luZ2xlIG51Y2xlb3RpZGUgaXMgZGVsZXRlZCBuZWFyIHRoZSBzdGFydCBvZiBhIGdlbmUsIHRoZW4gdGhlIOKAmHJlYWRpbmcgZnJhbWXigJkgZm9yIGFsbCBzdWJzZXF1ZW50IGNvZG9ucyB3aWxsIGJlIHNoaWZ0ZWQuIEFsbW9zdCBhbGwgdGhlIGNvZG9ucyB3aWxsIGJlIGluY29ycmVjdGx5IHJlYWQsIGNoYW5naW5nIG1hbnkgYW1pbm8gYWNpZHMgaW4gdGhhdCBwcm90ZWluLg==[Qq]

[c]IFRoZSBtdXRhdGlvbiB3aWxsIGNhdXNlIG5vIGNoYW5nZSBpbiB0aGUgcmVzdWx0aW5nIHByb3RlaW4u[Qq]

[f]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

Cg==

[Qq]

[q json=”true” topic=”gene_pools_and_mutation” dataset_id=”Unit 7 Population Genetics Speed Trial Dataset|1e8cd40c701329″ question_number=”44″ multiple_choice=”true” unit=”Population_Genetics”] Insertion or deletion of a single nucleotide in a DNA sequence results in a

[c]IGZyYW1lc2hpZn QgbXV0YXRpb24=[Qq]

[f]IFRlcnJpZmljISBJbnNlcnRpb25zIG9yIGRlbGV0aW9ucyBpbiB0aGUgbnVjbGVvdGlkZSBzZXF1ZW5jZSBlaXRoZXIgcHVzaCBhbGwgdGhlIG51Y2xlb3RpZGVzIGRvd24gb3IgcHVsbCB0aGVtIGFsbCBmb3J3YXJkLg==wqAgVGhlIG1haW4gY29uc2VxdWVuY2Ugb2YgdGhpcyBpcyB0aGF0IGl0IGNoYW5nZXMgdGhlIHJlYWRpbmcgZnJhbWUsIGFuZCBjaGFuZ2VzIGV2ZXJ5IGNvZG9uIGRvd25zdHJlYW0gb2YgdGhlIG11dGF0aW9uLg==[Qq]

[c]IHNpbGVudCBtdXRhdGlvbg==[Qq]

[f]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[Qq]

[c]IHBvaW50IG11dGF0aW9uIHRoYXQgZG9lc27igJl0IGNoYW5nZSB0aGUgcmVhZGluZyBmcmFtZS4=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBUaGUga2V5IHBvaW50IGhlcmUgaXMgdGhhdCBpbnNlcnRpbmcgb3IgZGVsZXRpbmcgYSBudWNsZW90aWRlIGZyb20gYSBETkEgc2VxdWVuY2Ugc2hpZnRzIGV2ZXJ5IG51Y2xlb3RpZGUgZm9yd2FyZCBvciBiYWNrd2FyZC4gVGhpcyBkb2VzIGNoYW5nZSB0aGUgcmVhZGluZyBmcmFtZS4gTmV4dCB0aW1lLCBjaG9vc2UgYW5vdGhlciBhbnN3ZXIu

Cg==

[Qq]

[q json=”true” topic=”gene_pools_and_mutation” dataset_id=”Unit 7 Population Genetics Speed Trial Dataset|1e8c92db232329″ question_number=”46″ multiple_choice=”true” unit=”Population_Genetics”] The most common consequence of an active mutation is

[c]IEltcHJvdmVtZW50IG9mIHRoZSBwcm90ZWluLCBtYWtpbmcgaXQgbW9yZSBlZmZlY3RpdmU=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBXaGlsZSB0aGlzIGlzIHBvc3NpYmxlLCBhbmQgYW4gaW1wb3J0YW50IHBhcnQgb2YgZXZvbHV0aW9uLCBpdOKAmXMgdmVyeSB1bmxpa2VseS4gTXV0YXRpb25zIGFyZSByYW5kb20gY2hhbmdlcywgYW5kIHJhbmRvbSBjaGFuZ2VzIGFyZSBtb3JlIGxpa2VseSB0byBicmVhayB0aGluZ3MgdGhhbiB0byBmaXggdGhlbS4=[Qq]

[c]IE5vIGltcGFjdCBvbiB0aGUgb3JnYW5pc23igJlzIHBoZW5vdHlwZQ==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBCeSBkZWZpbml0aW9uLCBhbiBhY3RpdmUgbXV0YXRpb24gaXMgY2hhbmdpbmcgYSBwcm90ZWluLiBQcm90ZWlucywgb24gc29tZSBsZXZlbCwgYXJlIHdoYXQgbWFrZSB1cCBhbiBvcmdhbmlzbeKAmXMgcGhlbm90eXBlIChlaXRoZXIgZGlyZWN0bHksIG9yIHRocm91Z2ggZW56eW1lcyB0aGF0IGNvbnRyb2wgZGV2ZWxvcG1lbnQpLg==[Qq]

[c]IERhbWFnaW5nIGEgZnVuY3Rpb25pbmcgcHJvdGVpbiwgcmVzdWx0aW5nIGluIGRp c2Vhc2UgZm9yIHRoZSBvcmdhbmlzbSB0aGF0IGJlYXJzIHRoZSBtdXRhdGlvbi4=[Qq]

[f]IFllcy4gTXV0YXRpb24gaXMgdGhlIGNhdXNlIG9mIG1hbnkgZ2VuZXRpYyBkaXNlYXNlcy4gVGhlIG1vc3QgbGlrZWx5IGltcGFjdCBvZiBhIG11dGF0aW9uIGlzIHRvIHRha2UgYSBwcm90ZWluIHRoYXTigJlzIHdvcmtpbmcgYW5kIHRvIGRpbWluaXNoIG9yIGRlc3Ryb3kgaXRzIGZ1bmN0aW9uLg==

Cg==

[Qq]

[q json=”true” topic=”gene_pools_and_mutation” dataset_id=”Unit 7 Population Genetics Speed Trial Dataset|1e8c7496888f29″ question_number=”47″ multiple_choice=”true” unit=”Population_Genetics”] In a population, a specific gene has two alleles, ‘A’ and ‘a.’ Individuals with genotype ‘aa’ die in early childhood. Individuals with genotype ‘Aa’ have a higher rate of surviving and reproducing than individuals with genotype ‘AA.’ This phenomenon is called

[c]IG11dGF0aW9uIHNlbGVjdGlvbg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBXaGlsZSB0aGlzIHdpbGwgYWx0ZXIgdGhlIGZyZXF1ZW5jeSBvZiBhbGxlbGVzIGluIHRoaXMgcG9wdWxhdGlvbiBpbiBmYXZvciBvZiB0aGUgbGV0aGFsIGFsbGVsZSwgdGhhdOKAmXMgbm90IHRoZSBuYW1lIHRoYXTigJlzIHVzZWQuIFRoaW5rIGFib3V0IHdoaWNoIGdlbm90eXBlIGhhcyB0aGUgc3Vydml2YWwgYWR2YW50YWdlLg==[Qq]

[c]IGhldGVyb3p5Z290 ZSBhZHZhbnRhZ2U=[Qq]

[f]IFllcy4gVGhpcyBzaXR1YXRpb24sIHdoZXJlIGhldGVyb3p5Z290ZXMgc3Vydml2ZSBhdCBoaWdoZXIgcmF0ZXMsIGV2ZW4gdGhvdWdoIHRoZXkgY2FycnkgYSBsZXRoYWwgYWxsZWxlLCBpcyBjYWxsZWQgaGV0ZXJvenlnb3RlIGFkdmFudGFnZS4=[Qq]

[c]IGFsbGVsZSBzZWxlY3Rpb24=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBPbiBhIHBvcHVsYXRpb24gZ2VuZXRpYyBsZXZlbCwgdGhlIGxldGhhbCBhbGxlbGUgd2lsbCB3aW5kIHVwIHdpdGggYSBtdWNoIGhpZ2hlciBmcmVxdWVuY3kgdGhhbiB3b3VsZCBiZSBleHBlY3RlZCBmb3IgYSBsZXRoYWwgYWxsZWxlLiBCdXQgdGhhdOKAmXMgbm90IHRoZSBuYW1lIGZvciB0aGlzIHBoZW5vbWVub24uIFRoaW5rIGFib3V0IHdoaWNoIGdlbm90eXBlIGhhcyB0aGUgc3Vydml2YWwgYWR2YW50YWdlLg==

Cg==

[Qq]

[q json=”true” topic=”gene_pools_and_mutation” dataset_id=”Unit 7 Population Genetics Speed Trial Dataset|1e8c51a9d63329″ question_number=”48″ multiple_choice=”true” unit=”Population_Genetics”] For this question, let ‘S’ represent the normal hemoglobin allele, and ‘s’ represent the sickle cell allele. In areas affected by malaria, which of the following sequences of genotypes correctly shows which genotype has the highest survival rate, followed by the second highest, followed by the lowest survival rate.

[c]IFNTLCBTcyzCoHNz[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiAmIzgyMjA7U1MmIzgyMjE7IGlzIHRoZSBub3JtYWwgaGVtb2dsb2JpbiBnZW5vdHlwZSwgYnV0IGluZGl2aWR1YWxzIHdpdGggdGhpcyBnZW5vdHlwZSBzdWZmZXIgZnJvbSBtYWxhcmlhLiBZb3XigJlyZSBjb3JyZWN0IGluIHB1dHRpbmcgJiM4MjIwO3NzJiM4MjIxOyBsYXN0IHNpbmNlIGl0IHJlc3VsdHMgaW4gc2lja2xlIGNlbGwgYW5lbWlhLCBhIHNlcmlvdXMgZGlzZWFzZS4gVGhpbmsgYWJvdXQgd2hpY2ggZ2Vub3R5cGUgcHJvZHVjZXMgYSBwaGVub3R5cGUgdGhhdCBkb2VzIGJlc3QgaW4gbWFsYXJpYS1hZmZlY3RlZCBhcmVhcywgYW5kIGNob29zZSBhbm90aGVyIHNlcXVlbmNlLg==[Qq]

[c]IHNzLCBTUyzCoFNz[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiAmIzgyMjA7c3MmIzgyMjE7IGlzIGZvciBzaWNrbGUgY2VsbCBhbmVtaWEsIGEgc2VyaW91cyBkaXNlYXNlLiB3aXRoIGEgbG93IHN1cnZpdmFsIHJhdGUuICYjODIyMDtzcyYjODIyMTsgc2hvdWxkIGdvIGxhc3QuICYjODIyMDtTUyYjODIyMTsgaXMgdGhlIG5vcm1hbCBoZW1vZ2xvYmluIGdlbm90eXBlLCBidXQgaW5kaXZpZHVhbHMgd2l0aCB0aGlzIGdlbm90eXBlIHN1ZmZlciBmcm9tIG1hbGFyaWEuIFRoaW5rIGFib3V0IHdoaWNoIGdlbm90eXBlIHByb2R1Y2VzIGEgcGhlbm90eXBlIHRoYXQgZG9lcyBiZXN0IGluIG1hbGFyaWEtYWZmZWN0ZWQgYXJlYXMsIGFuZCBjaG9vc2UgYW5vdGhlciBzZXF1ZW5jZS4=[Qq]

[c]IFNTLCBzcyzCoFNz[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiAmIzgyMjA7U1MmIzgyMjE7IGlzIHRoZSBub3JtYWwgaGVtb2dsb2JpbiBnZW5vdHlwZSwgYnV0IGluZGl2aWR1YWxzIHdpdGggdGhpcyBnZW5vdHlwZSBzdWZmZXIgZnJvbSBtYWxhcmlhLiAmIzgyMjA7c3MmIzgyMjE7IGlzIGZvciBzaWNrbGUgY2VsbCBhbmVtaWEsIGEgc2VyaW91cyBkaXNlYXNlIHdpdGggaGlnaCBtb3J0YWxpdHkgKCYjODIyMDtzcyYjODIyMTsgc2hvdWxkIGdvIGxhc3QpLiBUaGluayBhYm91dCB3aGljaCBnZW5vdHlwZSBwcm9kdWNlcyBhIHBoZW5vdHlwZSB0aGF0IGRvZXMgYmVzdCBpbiBtYWxhcmlhLWFmZmVjdGVkIGFyZWFzLCBhbmQgY2hvb3NlIGFub3RoZXIgc2VxdWVuY2Uu[Qq]

[c]IFNzLCBT UyzCoHNz[Qq]

[f]IEV4Y2VsbGVudC4gSGV0ZXJvenlnb3RlcyBoYXZlIHRoZSBhZHZhbnRhZ2UgYW5kIHN1cnZpdmUgYXQgdGhlIGhpZ2hlc3QgcmF0ZS4gJiM4MjIwO1NTJiM4MjIxOyBpcyBmb3Igbm9ybWFsIGhlbW9nbG9iaW4sIGJ1dCB0aGUgbm9ybWFsIHBoZW5vdHlwZSBpcyB2dWxuZXJhYmxlIHRvIG1hbGFyaWEsIGEgdmVyeSBzZXJpb3VzIGRpc2Vhc2UgdGhhdCBjYW4gYmUgZGVhZGx5LsKgIEdlbm90eXBlICYjODIyMDtzcyYjODIyMTsgaXMgbm90IGltbWVkaWF0ZWx5IGxldGhhbCwgYnV0IGl0IHJlc3VsdHMgaW4gc2lja2xlIGNlbGwgYW5lbWlhLCBhIGRpc2Vhc2Ugd2l0aCBsb3dlcmVkIHN1cnZpdmFsIHJhdGVzLg==

Cg==

[Qq]

[q json=”true” topic=”genetic_drift” dataset_id=”Unit 7 Population Genetics Speed Trial Dataset|1e8bed8bd6e729″ question_number=”51″ multiple_choice=”true” unit=”Population_Genetics”] Change in allele frequencies caused by random selection and reproduction of alleles is called

[c]IG11dGF0aW9uYWwgdmFyaWF0aW9u[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBXaGF04oCZcyBkZXNjcmliZWQgYWJvdmUgaXMgYSByYW5kb20gcHJvY2Vzcywgd2l0aG91dCBkaXJlY3Rpb24uIFRoaW5rIG9mIHdoYXQgYSByYWZ0IGRvZXMgaW4gYSBzd2ltbWluZyBwb29sLCBhbmQgeW914oCZbGwgaGF2ZSB0aGUgYW5zd2VyLg==[Qq]

[c]IG5hdHVyYWwgc2VsZWN0aW9u[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBOYXR1cmFsIHNlbGVjdGlvbiBpcyBkaXJlY3Rpb25hbC4gV2hhdOKAmXMgZGVzY3JpYmVkIGFib3ZlIGlzIGEgcmFuZG9tIHByb2Nlc3MsIHdpdGhvdXQgZGlyZWN0aW9uLiBUaGluayBvZiB3aGF0IGEgcmFmdCBkb2VzIGluIGEgc3dpbW1pbmcgcG9vbCwgYW5kIHlvdeKAmWxsIGhhdmUgdGhlIGFuc3dlci4=[Qq]

[c]IHNleHVhbCBzZWxlY3Rpb24=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBTZXh1YWwgc2VsZWN0aW9uIGlzIGRpcmVjdGlvbmFsLiBXaGF04oCZcyBkZXNjcmliZWQgYWJvdmUgaXMgYSByYW5kb20gcHJvY2Vzcywgd2l0aG91dCBkaXJlY3Rpb24uIFRoaW5rIG9mIHdoYXQgYSByYWZ0IGRvZXMgaW4gYSBzd2ltbWluZyBwb29sLCBhbmQgeW914oCZbGwgaGF2ZSB0aGUgYW5zd2VyLg==[Qq]

[c]IGdlbmV0aW MgZHJpZnQ=[Qq]

[f]IFllcy4g4oCYR2VuZXRpYyBkcmlmdOKAmSBpcyBhIA==Y2hhbmdlIGluIGFsbGVsZSBmcmVxdWVuY2llcyBjYXVzZWQgYnkgcmFuZG9tIHNlbGVjdGlvbiBhbmQgcmVwcm9kdWN0aW9uIG9mIGFsbGVsZXMu

Cg==

[Qq]

[q json=”true” topic=”genetic_drift” dataset_id=”Unit 7 Population Genetics Speed Trial Dataset|1e8bcf473c5329″ question_number=”52″ multiple_choice=”true” unit=”Population_Genetics”] Genetic drift is

[c]IGRpc3J1cHRpdmU=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBJbiB0aGUgY29udGV4dCBvZiBwb3B1bGF0aW9uIGdlbmV0aWNzLCAmIzgyMjA7ZGlzcnVwdGl2ZSBzZWxlY3Rpb24mIzgyMjE7IGlzIGEgdHlwZSBvZiBzZWxlY3Rpb24gdGhhdCBzZWxlY3RzIGFnYWluc3QgdGhlIG1lYW4sIGFuZCBmb3IgdGhlIGV4dHJlbWVzLiBIZXJlJiM4MjE3O3MgYSBoaW50OiBKdXN0IHRoaW5rIG9mIHRoZSB3b3JkIOKAmGRyaWZ0LOKAmSBhbmQgaG93IGRyaWZ0aW5nIG1vdmVzIHlvdSBhcm91bmQsIGFuZCB5b3XigJlsbCBoYXZlIHRoZSBhbnN3ZXIu[Qq]

[c]IHJhbm RvbQ==[Qq]

[f]IFllcyBBIGtleSBmZWF0dXJlIG9mIGdlbmV0aWMgZHJpZnQgaXMgaXRzIHJhbmRvbW5lc3MuIEluIGdlbmV0aWMgZHJpZnQsIA==Y2hhbmdlIGluIGFsbGVsZSBmcmVxdWVuY2llcyBpcyBjYXVzZWQgYnkgcmFuZG9tIHNlbGVjdGlvbiBhbmQgcmVwcm9kdWN0aW9uIG9mIGFsbGVsZXM=[Qq]

[c]IGRpcmVjdGlvbmFsIChsaWtlIG5hdHVyYWwgc2VsZWN0aW9uKS4=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBBIGtleSBmZWF0dXJlIG9mIGdlbmV0aWMgZHJpZnQgaXMgdGhhdCBpdOKAmXMgTk9UIGRpcmVjdGlvbmFsLiBKdXN0IHRoaW5rIG9mIHRoZSB3b3JkIOKAmGRyaWZ0LOKAmSBhbmQgaG93IGRyaWZ0aW5nIG1vdmVzIHlvdSBhcm91bmQsIGFuZCB5b3XigJlsbCBoYXZlIHRoZSBhbnN3ZXIu

Cg==

[Qq]

[q json=”true” topic=”genetic_drift” dataset_id=”Unit 7 Population Genetics Speed Trial Dataset|1e8b5adce9cb29″ question_number=”55″ multiple_choice=”true” unit=”Population_Genetics”] Populations that have experienced genetic drift will most likely have _________ fixed alleles in their gene pools than populations that haven’t experienced genetic drift.

[c]IHRoZSBzYW1lIGFtb3VudCBvZg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBHZW5ldGljIGRyaWZ0LCB3aXRoIGl0cyByYW5kb20gc2VsZWN0aW9uIG9mIGFsbGVsZXMsIG1vc3QgbGlrZWx5IHJlc3VsdHMgaW4gcG9wdWxhdGlvbnMgd2l0aCBMRVNTIHZhcmlhdGlvbiB0aGFuIHBvcHVsYXRpb25zIHRoYXQgaGF2ZW7igJl0IGV4cGVyaWVuY2VkIGdlbmV0aWMgZHJpZnQuIExlc3MgdmFyaWF0aW9uIG1lYW5zIE1PUkUgZml4ZWQgYWxsZWxlcy4=[Qq]

[c]IG1v cmU=[Qq]

[f]IFllcy4gR2VuZXRpYyBkcmlmdCwgd2l0aCBpdHMgcmFuZG9tIHNlbGVjdGlvbiBvZiBhbGxlbGVzLCBtb3N0IGxpa2VseSByZXN1bHRzIGluIHBvcHVsYXRpb25zIHdpdGggTEVTUyB2YXJpYXRpb24gdGhhbiBwb3B1bGF0aW9ucyB0aGF0IGhhdmVu4oCZdCBleHBlcmllbmNlZCBnZW5ldGljIGRyaWZ0LiBMZXNzIHZhcmlhdGlvbiBtZWFucyBNT1JFIGZpeGVkIGFsbGVsZXMu[Qq]

[c]IGxlc3M=[Qq]

Cg==

[Qq]

[q json=”true” topic=”genetic_drift” dataset_id=”Unit 7 Population Genetics Speed Trial Dataset|1e8b359c2b8b29″ question_number=”56″ multiple_choice=”true” unit=”Population_Genetics”] Ellis-van Creveld syndrome is a genetic disease whose symptoms include extra fingers and toes, dwarfism, and heart defects. This disease is in very high frequency in the Amish people who live in Eastern Pennsylvania. The most likely explanation for this is

[c]IG5hdHVyYWwgc2VsZWN0aW9u[Qq]

[c]IHJhbmRvbSBtdXRhdGlvbg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBXaGlsZSBzb21lIGRpc2Vhc2VzIGxpa2UgYWNob25kcm9wbGFzaWEgKGFub3RoZXIgZnJvbSBvZiBkd2FyZmlzbSkgYXJlIG1haW50YWluZWQgYnkgbXV0YXRpb24sIHRoaXMgaXMgbm90IGEgY2F1c2Ugb2YgdGhlIGhpZ2ggaW5jaWRlbmNlIG9mIEVsbGlzLXZhbiBDcmV2ZWxkIHN5bmRyb21lIGFtb25nIHRoZSBBbWlzaC4=[Qq]

[c]IGEgcG9wdWxhdGlvbiBib3R0bGVuZWNr[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBXaGlsZSBFbGxpcy12YW4gQ3JldmVsZCBzeW5kcm9tZSBpcyBhbiBleGFtcGxlIG9mIGdlbmV0aWMgZHJpZnQsIHRoZSBoaXN0b3J5IG9mIHRoZSBBbWlzaCBzaG93cyBubyBwb3B1bGF0aW9uIGJvdHRsZW5lY2su[Qq]

[c]IHRoZSBmb3VuZG VyIGVmZmVjdC4=[Qq]

[f]IEV4YWN0bHkuIFRoZSBpbmNpZGVuY2Ugb2YgRWxsaXMtdmFuIENyZXZlbGQgc3luZHJvbWUgaXMgYmVzdCBleHBsYWluZWQgYnkgdGhlIOKAmGZvdW5kZXIgZWZmZWN0LuKAmSBBIHNtYWxsIG51bWJlciBvZiBmb3VuZGVycyBicm91Z2h0IHdpdGggdGhlbSB0aGUgYWxsZWxlIGZvciB0aGlzIHN5bmRyb21lLCBhbmQgdGhpcyBhbGxlbGUgaXMgbm93IGluIGhpZ2ggZnJlcXVlbmN5IGluIHRoZSBBbWlzaCBwb3B1bGF0aW9uLg==

Cg==

[Qq]

[q json=”true” topic=”genetic_drift” dataset_id=”Unit 7 Population Genetics Speed Trial Dataset|1e8aa5414a5329″ question_number=”57″ multiple_choice=”true” unit=”Population_Genetics”] In the diagram below, the different colored shapes represent different alleles in populations, which are represented by circles. What process is shown in the diagram?

[c]IG5hdHVyYWwgc2VsZWN0aW9u[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBOYXR1cmFsIHNlbGVjdGlvbiBpbnZvbHZlcyB0aGUgZW52aXJvbm1lbnQgc2VsZWN0aW5nIHBoZW5vdHlwZXMgdGhhdCBhcmUgYmVuZWZpY2lhbCwgYW5kIGFsbGVsZSBmcmVxdWVuY2llcyBzaGlmdGluZyBpbiByZXNwb25zZS4gSGVyZSB5b3Ugc2VlIGEgbGFyZ2UgcGFyZW50IHBvcHVsYXRpb24sIGFuZCBzZXZlcmFsIG5ldyBwb3B1bGF0aW9ucyBiZWluZyBmb3VuZGVkLiBUd28gb2YgdGhlIG5ldyBwb3B1bGF0aW9ucyBoYXZlIGxlc3MgZGl2ZXJzaXR5IG9mIGFsbGVsZXMgdGhhbiB0aGUgcGFyZW50IHBvcHVsYXRpb24u[Qq]

[c]IHJhbmRvbSBtdXRhdGlvbg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBJZiB0aGlzIHdlcmUgcmFuZG9tIG11dGF0aW9uLCB5b3XigJlkIHNlZSBuZXcgYWxsZWxlcyBhcHBlYXJpbmcuIEhlcmUgeW91IHNlZSBhIGxhcmdlIHBhcmVudCBwb3B1bGF0aW9uLCBhbmQgc2V2ZXJhbCBuZXcgcG9wdWxhdGlvbnMgYmVpbmcgZm91bmRlZC4gVHdvIG9mIHRoZSBuZXcgcG9wdWxhdGlvbnMgaGF2ZSBsZXNzIGRpdmVyc2l0eSBvZiBhbGxlbGVzIHRoYW4gdGhlIHBhcmVudCBwb3B1bGF0aW9uLg==[Qq]

[c]IGEgcG9wdWxhdGlvbiBib3R0bGVuZWNr[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBBIHBvcHVsYXRpb24gYm90dGxlbmVjayB3b3VsZCBiZXN0IGJlIGRlcGljdGVkIGJ5IG1hbnkgbWVtYmVycyBvZiB0aGUgcGFyZW50IHBvcHVsYXRpb24gYmVpbmcgd2lwZWQgb3V0LCB3aXRoIG9ubHkgYSBmZXcgc3Vydml2b3JzIGxlZnQuIEhlcmUgeW91IHNlZSBhIGxhcmdlIHBhcmVudCBwb3B1bGF0aW9uLCBhbmQgc2V2ZXJhbCBuZXcgcG9wdWxhdGlvbnMgYmVpbmcgZm91bmRlZC4gVHdvIG9mIHRoZSBuZXcgcG9wdWxhdGlvbnMgaGF2ZSBsZXNzIGRpdmVyc2l0eSBvZiBhbGxlbGVzIHRoYW4gdGhlIHBhcmVudCBwb3B1bGF0aW9uLg==[Qq]

[c]IHRoZSBmb3VuZG VyIGVmZmVjdC4=[Qq]

[f]IEV4YWN0bHkuIFdoYXTigJlzIHNob3duIGluIHRoaXMgZGlhZ3JhbSBpcyB0aGUgZm91bmRlciBlZmZlY3QuIFlvdSBzZWUgYSBsYXJnZSBwYXJlbnQgcG9wdWxhdGlvbiwgYW5kIHNldmVyYWwgbmV3IHBvcHVsYXRpb25zIGJlaW5nIGZvdW5kZWQuIFR3byBvZiB0aGUgbmV3IHBvcHVsYXRpb25zIGhhdmUgbGVzcyBkaXZlcnNpdHkgb2YgYWxsZWxlcyB0aGFuIHRoZSBwYXJlbnQgcG9wdWxhdGlvbi4=

Cg==

[Qq]

[q json=”true” topic=”genetic_drift” dataset_id=”Unit 7 Population Genetics Speed Trial Dataset|1e8a80008c1329″ question_number=”58″ multiple_choice=”true” unit=”Population_Genetics”] What process is shown in the diagram?

[c]IG5hdHVyYWwgc2VsZWN0aW9u[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBOYXR1cmFsIHNlbGVjdGlvbiBpbnZvbHZlcyB0aGUgZW52aXJvbm1lbnQgc2VsZWN0aW5nIHBoZW5vdHlwZXMgdGhhdCBhcmUgYmVuZWZpY2lhbCwgYW5kIGFsbGVsZSBmcmVxdWVuY2llcyBzaGlmdGluZyBpbiByZXNwb25zZS4gSGVyZSB5b3Ugc2VlIGEgbGFyZ2UgcG9wdWxhdGlvbiB0aGF0IGdldHMgcmVkdWNlZCwgYW5kIHRoZW4gcmVjb3ZlcnMuIFdoYXQgZXZlbnQgaW4gcG9wdWxhdGlvbiBnZW5ldGljcyBoYXMgdGhpcyBwYXR0ZXJuPw==[Qq]

[c]IHJhbmRvbSBtdXRhdGlvbg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBSYW5kb20gbXV0YXRpb24gYnJpbmdzIGFib3V0IG5ldyBhbGxlbGVzIGluIGEgcG9wdWxhdGlvbi4gVGhlcmXigJlzIG5vIGV2aWRlbmNlIG9mIHRoYXQgaW4gdGhpcyBkaWFncmFtLiBIZXJlIHlvdSBzZWUgYSBsYXJnZSBwb3B1bGF0aW9uIHRoYXQgZ2V0cyByZWR1Y2VkLCBhbmQgdGhlbiByZWNvdmVycy4gV2hhdCBldmVudCBpbiBwb3B1bGF0aW9uIGdlbmV0aWNzIGhhcyB0aGlzIHBhdHRlcm4/[Qq]

[c]IGEgcG9wdWxhdGlv biBib3R0bGVuZWNr[Qq]

[f]IFllcy4gQSBwb3B1bGF0aW9uIGJvdHRsZW5lY2sgd291bGQgYmUgZGVwaWN0ZWQgYnkgbWFueSBtZW1iZXJzIG9mIHRoZSBwYXJlbnQgcG9wdWxhdGlvbiBiZWluZyB3aXBlZCBvdXQsIHdpdGggb25seSBhIGZldyBzdXJ2aXZvcnMgbGVmdC4gVGhlIHN1cnZpdm9ycyB0aGVuIHJlYnVpbGQgdGhlIHBvcHVsYXRpb24uIFRoYXTigJlzIGV4YWN0bHkgd2hhdCB5b3Ugc2VlIGluIHRoaXMgZGlhZ3JhbS4=[Qq]

[c]IHRoZSBmb3VuZGVyIGVmZmVjdC4=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBUaGUgZm91bmRlciBlZmZlY3Qgd291bGQgYmUgc2hvd24gYnkgYSBmZXcgaW5kaXZpZHVhbHMgYnJhbmNoaW5nIG9mZiBmcm9tIGEgcGFyZW50IHBvcHVsYXRpb24gdG8gZm9ybSBhIG5ldyBwb3B1bGF0aW9uLiBIZXJlIHlvdSBzZWUgYSBsYXJnZSBwb3B1bGF0aW9uIHRoYXQgZ2V0cyByZWR1Y2VkLCBhbmQgdGhlbiByZWNvdmVycy4gV2hhdCBldmVudCBpbiBwb3B1bGF0aW9uIGdlbmV0aWNzIGhhcyB0aGlzIHBhdHRlcm4/

Cg==

[Qq]

[q json=”true” topic=”genetic_drift” dataset_id=”Unit 7 Population Genetics Speed Trial Dataset|1e8a3c7b333f29″ question_number=”60″ multiple_choice=”true” unit=”Population_Genetics”] One consequence of the population bottleneck experienced by the Northern elephant seal is

[c]IGxvdyBnZW5ldGlj IHZhcmlhYmlsaXR5[Qq]

[f]IFllcy4gVGhlIE5vcnRoZXJuIGVsZXBoYW50IHNlYWwsIHRob3VnaCBpdCBoYXMgYmVlbiBzdWNjZXNzZnVsIGluIHJlYnVpbGRpbmcgaXRzIHBvcHVsYXRpb24sIGhhcyBsb3cgZ2VuZXRpYyB2YXJpYWJpbGl0eS4=[Qq]

[c]IGhpZ2ggcmF0ZXMgb2YgbXV0YXRpb24=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBUaGVyZeKAmXMgbm8gZXZpZGVuY2UgdGhhdCBtdXRhdGlvbiByYXRlcyBhcmUgYW55IGhpZ2hlciBpbiBOb3J0aGVybiBlbGVwaGFudCBzZWFscyB0aGFuIHRoZXkgYXJlIGluIGFueSBvdGhlciBwb3B1bGF0aW9uLg==[Qq]

[c]IGhpZ2ggZ2VuZXRpYyB2YXJpYWJpbGl0eQ==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBQb3B1bGF0aW9uIGJvdHRsZW5lY2tzLCBzdWNoIGFzIHRoYXQgZXhwZXJpZW5jZWQgYnkgdGhlIE5vcnRoZXJuIEVsZXBoYW50IFNlYWwsIGRvIG5vdCBpbmNyZWFzZSBnZW5ldGljIHZhcmlhYmlsaXR5Lg==

Cg==

[Qq]

[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Unit 7 Population Genetics Speed Trial Dataset|1e8a1e3698ab29″ question_number=”61″ topic=”natural_selection_in_gene_pools” multiple_choice=”true” unit=”Population_Genetics”] Of the following, what evolves?

[c]IGluZGl2aWR1YWxz[Qq]

[f]IMKgTm8uIEluZGl2aWR1YWxzIGFyZSBib3JuLCBkZXZlbG9wLCBsaXZlLCBkaWUsIGFuZCBtYXliZSBwYXNzIHRoZWlyIGdlbmVzIG9uLiBCdXQgYmlvbG9naWNhbGx5LCBpbmRpdmlkdWFscyBhcmUgbm90IHdoYXQgZXZvbHZlLg==[Qq]

[c]IHBvcHVs YXRpb25z[Qq]

[f]IEdyZWF0IGpvYiEgVGhlIHVuaXQgb2YgZXZvbHV0aW9uIGlzIHRoZSBwb3B1bGF0aW9uLg==[Qq]

[c]IGNvbW11bml0aWVz[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBDb21tdW5pdGllcyBhcmUgdGhlIGludGVyYWN0aW5nIHBvcHVsYXRpb25zIGZvdW5kIGluIGEgc2luZ2xlwqBhcmVhLiBJbiB0aGUgaGllcmFyY2h5IG9mIGxpZmUsIGV2b2x1dGlvbiBoYXBwZW5zIGF0IGEgbGV2ZWwgYmVsb3cgdGhlIGNvbW11bml0eSBsZXZlbC4=[Qq]

[c]IG11dGF0aW9ucw==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBNdXRhdGlvbnMgYXJlIHRoZSByYXcgbWF0ZXJpYWwgZm9yIGV2b2x1dGlvbiwgYnV0IHRoZXkmIzgyMTc7cmUgbm90IHdoYXQgZXZvbHZlcy4=

Cg==

[Qq]

[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Unit 7 Population Genetics Speed Trial Dataset|1e89fd9df23329″ question_number=”62″ topic=”natural_selection_in_gene_pools” multiple_choice=”true” unit=”Population_Genetics”] Natural selection selects for or against…

[c]IGdlbm90eXBlcw==[Qq]

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[c]IHBoZW5v dHlwZXM=[Qq]

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[c]IGdlbmUgcG9vbHM=[Qq]

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[c]IHBvcHVsYXRpb25z[Qq]

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Cg==

[Qq]

[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Unit 7 Population Genetics Speed Trial Dataset|1e89ca64ec9b29″ question_number=”63″ topic=”Population_Genetics_Key_Concepts” multiple_choice=”true” unit=”Population_Genetics”] Which of the definitions below best defines microevolution?

[c]IEEgY2hhbmdlIGluIHRoZSBnZW5ldGljIG1ha2V1 cCBvZiBhIHBvcHVsYXRpb24gb3ZlciB0aW1lLg==[Qq]

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[c]IEEgY2hhbmdlIGluIHRoZSBmb3JtIG9mIGFuIG9yZ2FuaXNtLg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBJbiBiaW9sb2d5LCBhwqBjaGFuZ2UgaW4gdGhlIGZvcm0gb2YgYW4gb3JnYW5pc23CoGlzIHVzdWFsbHkgZGVmaW5lZCBhcyA=ZGV2ZWxvcG1lbnQ=LiBFdm9sdXRpb24gaXMgc29tZXRoaW5nIHRoYXQgb2NjdXJzwqBpbiBwb3B1bGF0aW9ucy4=[Qq]

[c]IEEgY2hhbmdlIGluIHRoZSBnZW5ldGljIG1ha2V1cCBvZiBhbiBvcmdhbmlzbS4=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBJbiBiaW9sb2d5LCBldm9sdXRpb24gaXMgc29tZXRoaW5nIHRoYXQgb2NjdXJzIGluIHBvcHVsYXRpb25zLg==[Qq]

[c]IE9uZSBzcGVjaWVzIGRpdmVyZ2luZyBpbnRvIHR3byBzcGVjaWVz[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiAmIzgyMjA7T25lIHNwZWNpZXMgZGl2ZXJnaW5nIGludG8gdHdvIHNwZWNpZXMmIzgyMjE7IGlzIGEgZ29vZCBkZWZpbml0aW9uIG9mIA==c3BlY2lhdGlvbg==LCBidXQgbm90IGEgZ29vZCBkZWZpbml0aW9uIGZvciA=ZXZvbHV0aW9uLg==

[Qq]

[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Unit 7 Population Genetics Speed Trial Dataset|1e89a7783a3f29″ question_number=”64″ topic=”Hardy-Weinberg” multiple_choice=”true” unit=”Population_Genetics”] A population includes 250 individuals homozygous dominant (AA = red flowers), 250 heterozygous individuals (Aa= red flowers) and 125 homozygous recessive (aa=white). What are the percentages of alleles for red and white?

[c]IDc1JSByZWQsIDI1JSB3aGl0ZQ==[Qq]

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[c]IDYwJSByZWQsID QwJSB3aGl0ZQ==[Qq]

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[c]IDUwJSByZWQsIDUwJSB3aGl0ZQ==[Qq]

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[c]IDQwJSByZWQsIDYwJSB3aGl0ZQ==[Qq]

[c]IDI1JSByZWQsIDc1JSB3aGl0ZQ==[Qq]

Cg==

[Qq]

[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Unit 7 Population Genetics Speed Trial Dataset|1e8989339fab29″ question_number=”65″ topic=”Hardy-Weinberg” multiple_choice=”true” unit=”Population_Genetics”] In the Hardy-Weinberg equation, “p” represents _________, and “q” represents __________.

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[f]IE5vLiAmIzgyMjA7cCYjODIyMTsgYW5kICYjODIyMDtxJiM4MjIxOyByZXByZXNlbnQgdGhlIGZyZXF1ZW5jeSBvZiA=YWxsZWxlcywgbm90IGdlbm90eXBlcw==[Qq]

[c]IHRoZSBmcmVxdWVuY3kgb2YgaG9tb3p5Z291cyBpbmRpdmlkdWFscyYjODIzMDsgdGhlIGZyZXF1ZW5jeSBvZiBoZXRlcm96eWdvdXMgaW5kaXZpZHVhbHMu[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiAmIzgyMjA7cCYjODIyMTsgYW5kICYjODIyMDtxJiM4MjIxOyByZXByZXNlbnQgdGhlIGZyZXF1ZW5jeSBvZiA=YWxsZWxlcw==LCBub3QgZ2Vub3R5cGVz[Qq]

[c]IHRoZSBmcmVxdWVuY3kgb2YgcmVjZXNzaXZlIGFsbGVsZXMmIzgyMzA7IHRoZSBmcmVxdWVuY3kgb2YgZG9taW5hbnQgYWxsZWxlcw==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiAmIzgyMjA7cCYjODIyMTsgYW5kICYjODIyMDtxJiM4MjIxOyByZXByZXNlbnQgYWxsZWxlIGZyZXF1ZW5jaWVzLCBidXQgeW91JiM4MjIxO3ZlIGdvdCB0aGVtIHJldmVyc2VkLg==[Qq]

[c]IHRoZSBmcmVxdWVuY3kgb2YgZG9taW5hbnQgYWxsZWxlcyYjODIz MDsgdGhlIGZyZXF1ZW5jeSBvZiByZWNlc3NpdmUgYWxsZWxlcw==[Qq]

[f]IFBlcmZlY3QhICYjODIyMDtwJiM4MjIxOyByZXByZXNlbnRzIHRoZSBmcmVxdWVuY3kgb2YgdGhlIGRvbWluYW50IGFsbGVsZSwgYW5kICYjODIyMDtxJiM4MjIxOyB0aGUgZnJlcXVlbmN5IG9mIHJlY2Vzc2l2ZcKgYWxsZWxlcy4=

Cg==

[Qq]

[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Unit 7 Population Genetics Speed Trial Dataset|1e896646ed4f29″ question_number=”66″ topic=”Hardy-Weinberg” multiple_choice=”true” unit=”Population_Genetics”] In the Hardy-Weinberg equation, “2pq” represents the frequency of:

[c]IGhvbW96eWdvdXMgZG9taW5hbnQgaW5kaXZpZHVhbHM=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLsKgVGhpbmsgb2YgaXQgdGhpcyB3YXkuIElmICYjODIyMDtwJiM4MjIxOyByZXByZXNlbnRzIHRoZSBkb21pbmFudCBhbGxlbGUgKHN1Y2ggYXMgJiM4MjIwO0EmIzgyMjE7KSBhbmQgJiM4MjIwO3EmIzgyMjE7IHJlcHJlc2VudHMgdGhlIHJlY2Vzc2l2ZSBhbGxlbGUgKHN1Y2ggYXMgJiM4MjIwO2EmIzgyMjE7KSwgdGhlbiBwcSB3b3VsZCByZXByZXNlbnQgd2hpY2ggZ2Vub3R5cGU/[Qq]

[c]IGhldGVyb3p5Z291cy BpbmRpdmlkdWFscw==[Qq]

[f]IEFtYXppbmchIEluIHRoZSBIYXJkeS1XZWluYmVyZyBlcXVhdGlvbiwgMnBxIHJlcHJlc2VudHMgdGhlIGZyZXF1ZW5jeSBvZiBoZXRlcm96eWdvdXMgaW5kaXZpZHVhbHMu[Qq]

[c]IGhvbW96eWdvdXMgcmVjZXNzaXZlIGluZGl2aWR1YWxz[Qq]

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[c]IHJlY2Vzc2l2ZSBhbGxlbGVz[Qq]

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[c]IGRvbWluYW50IGFsbGVsZXM=[Qq]

Cg==

[Qq]

[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Unit 7 Population Genetics Speed Trial Dataset|1e8945ae46d729″ question_number=”67″ topic=”Hardy-Weinberg” multiple_choice=”true” unit=”Population_Genetics”] In a gene pool, two alleles are under study: “r” and “R.” If the frequency of “R” is 0.4; what is the expected frequency of heterozygous individuals?

[c]IC42[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBUaGluayBvZiBpdCB0aGlzIHdheS4gQWNjb3JkaW5nIHRvIHRoZSBIYXJkeS1XZWluYmVyZyBwcmluY2lwbGUs

Cg==

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[Qq]p² + 2pq + q² = 1 (which means that the frequency of homozygous dominants (p²) + the frequency of heterozygotes(2pq) + the frequency of homozygous recessives (q²) = 1

“R” is the dominant allele, so if “R” = 0.4, then “p” = 0.4 and “q” = 0.6. To find heterozygotes (2pq) multiply 2 * 0.4 * 0.6.

[c]IC4yNA==[Qq]

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Cg==

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[Qq]p² + 2pq + q² = 1 (which means that the frequency of homozygous dominants (p²) + the frequency of heterozygotes(2pq) + the frequency of homozygous recessives (q²) = 1

“R” is the dominant allele, so if “R” = 0.4, then “p” = 0.4 and “q” = 0.6. To find heterozygotes (2pq) multiply 2 * 0.4 * 0.6.

[c]IC40 OA==[Qq]

[f]IEdlbml1cyHCoEFjY29yZGluZyB0byB0aGUgSGFyZHktV2VpbmJlcmcgcHJpbmNpcGxlLA==

Cg==

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[Qq]p² + 2pq + q² = 1 (which means that the frequency of homozygous dominants (p²) + the frequency of heterozygotes(2pq) + the frequency of homozygous recessives (q²) = 1

“R” is the dominant allele, so if “R” = 0.4, then “p” = 0.4 and “q” = 0.6. To find heterozygotes (2pq) multiply 2 * 0.4 * 0.6. = 0.48

[c]IC4xNg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBUaGluayBvZiBpdCB0aGlzIHdheS4gQWNjb3JkaW5nIHRvIHRoZSBIYXJkeS1XZWluYmVyZyBwcmluY2lwbGUs

Cg==

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[Qq]p² + 2pq + q² = 1 (which means that the frequency of homozygous dominants (p²) + the frequency of heterozygotes(2pq) + the frequency of homozygous recessives (q²) = 1

“R” is the dominant allele, so if “R” = 0.4, then “p” = 0.4 and “q” = 0.6. To find heterozygotes (2pq) multiply 2 * 0.4 * 0.6.

[c]IC44[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBUaGluayBvZiBpdCB0aGlzIHdheS4gQWNjb3JkaW5nIHRvIHRoZSBIYXJkeS1XZWluYmVyZyBwcmluY2lwbGUs

Cg==

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[Qq]p² + 2pq + q² = 1 (which means that the frequency of homozygous dominants (p²) + the frequency of heterozygotes(2pq) + the frequency of homozygous recessives (q²) = 1

“R” is the dominant allele, so if “R” = 0.4, then “p” = 0.4 and “q” = 0.6. To find heterozygotes (2pq) multiply 2 * 0.4 * 0.6.

[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Unit 7 Population Genetics Speed Trial Dataset|1e891e197cb329″ question_number=”68″ topic=”Hardy-Weinberg” multiple_choice=”true” unit=”Population_Genetics”] In a population that”s in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of homozygous (RR) individuals is .09. What is the frequency of the “r” allele?

[c]IDAuMw==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBUaGluayBvZiBpdCB0aGlzIHdheS4gQWNjb3JkaW5nIHRvIHRoZSBIYXJkeS1XZWluYmVyZyBwcmluY2lwbGUs

Cg==

cCArIHEgPSAxICh3aGljaCBtZWFucyB0aGUgZnJlcXVlbmN5IG9mIHRoZSBkb21pbmFudCBhbGxlbGUgKHApICsgdGhlIGZyZXF1ZW5jeSBvZiB0aGUgcmVjZXNzaXZlIGFsbGVsZSAocSkgPSAxLg==
[Qq]p² + 2pq + q² = 1 (which means that the frequency of homozygous dominants (p²) + the frequency of heterozygotes(2pq) + the frequency of homozygous recessives (q²) = 1

If the frequency of individuals with genotype RR is 0.09, then that number is p². To find p, just take the square root of 0.09, which is 0.3, which is the frequency of the “R” alleles. If the frequency of “R” is 0.3, then use p + q = 1 to find the frequency of “r.”

[c]IC 43[Qq]

[f]IEdyZWF0IEpvYiEgQWNjb3JkaW5nIHRvIHRoZSBIYXJkeS1XZWluYmVyZyBwcmluY2lwbGUs

Cg==

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[Qq]p² + 2pq + q² = 1 (which means that the frequency of homozygous dominants (p²) + the frequency of heterozygotes(2pq) + the frequency of homozygous recessives (q²) = 1

[c]IC40Mg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiAwLjQyIGlzIHRoZSBmcmVxdWVuY3kgb2YgaGV0ZXJvenlnb3Rlcy4gVG8gZ2V0IHRoZSBhbnN3ZXIsIHRoaW5rIG9mIGl0IHRoaXMgd2F5LiBBY2NvcmRpbmcgdG8gdGhlIEhhcmR5LVdlaW5iZXJnIHByaW5jaXBsZSw=

Cg==

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[Qq]p² + 2pq + q² = 1 (which means that the frequency of homozygous dominants (p²) + the frequency of heterozygotes(2pq) + the frequency of homozygous recessives (q²) = 1

[c]IDAuNDk=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiAwLjQ5IGlzIHRoZSBmcmVxdWVuY3kgb2YgaG9tb3p5Z291cyByZWNlc3NpdmVzIChx^Mg==KSAuIFRvIGdldCB0aGUgYW5zd2VyLCB0aGluayBvZiBpdCB0aGlzIHdheS4gQWNjb3JkaW5nIHRvIHRoZSBIYXJkeS1XZWluYmVyZyBwcmluY2lwbGUs

Cg==

[Qq]p + q = 1 (which means the frequency of the dominant allele (p) + the frequency of the recessive allele (q) = 1.
p² + 2pq + q² = 1 (which means that the frequency of homozygous dominants (p²) + the frequency of heterozygotes(2pq) + the frequency of homozygous recessives (q²) = 1

[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Unit 7 Population Genetics Speed Trial Dataset|1e88fd80d63b29″ question_number=”69″ topic=”Population_Genetics_Key_Concepts” multiple_choice=”true” unit=”Population_Genetics”] Which of the following statements is true?

[c]IE5hdHVyYWwgc2VsZWN0aW9uIGlzIHRoZSBvbmx5IG1lY2hhbmlzbSBmb3IgZXZvbHV0aW9u[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBJbiBhZGRpdGlvbiB0byBuYXR1cmFsIHNlbGVjdGlvbiwgb3RoZXIgcHJvY2Vzc2VzIHN1Y2ggYXMgZ2VuZXRpYyBkcmlmdCBjYW4gY2F1c2UgY2hhbmdlcyBpbiBhbGxlbGUgZnJlcXVlbmNpZXMgd2l0aGluIGEgZ2VuZSBwb29sLg==[Qq]

[c]IE5hdHVyYWwgc2VsZWN0aW9uIGNhdXNlcyBnZW5ldGljIGNoYW5nZSBpbiBhbiBpbmRpdmlkdWFs[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBOYXR1cmFsIHNlbGVjdGlvbiBzZWxlY3RzIHdoaWNoIHBoZW5vdHlwZXMgZ2V0IHRvIHN1cnZpdmUgYW5kIHJlcHJvZHVjZSwgYnV0IGl0IGRvZXNuJiM4MjIxO3QgY2F1c2UgZ2VuZXRpYyBjaGFuZ2UgaW4gaW5kaXZpZHVhbHMu[Qq]

[c]IE5hdHVyYWwgc2VsZWN0aW9uIGNhdXNlcyBnZW 5ldGljIGNoYW5nZSBpbiBhIHBvcHVsYXRpb24u[Qq]

[f]IFJpZ2h0ISBOYXR1cmFsIHNlbGVjdGlvbiBjaGFuZ2VzIGFsbGVsZSBmcmVxdWVuY2llcyBpbiBwb3B1bGF0aW9ucywgd2hpY2ggYW1vdW50cyB0byBjYXVzaW5nIGdlbmV0aWMgY2hhbmdlIGluIGEgcG9wdWxhdGlvbi4=[Qq]

[c]IEV2b2x1dGlvbiBjYXVzZXMgbmF0dXJhbCBzZWxlY3Rpb24=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBZb3UmIzgyMjE7dmUgZ290IGl0IGJhY2t3YXJkcy4gTmF0dXJhbCBzZWxlY3Rpb24gY2FuIGJlIGEgY2F1c2Ugb2YgZXZvbHV0aW9uLg==

Cg==

[Qq]

[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Unit 7 Population Genetics Speed Trial Dataset|1e88da9423df29″ question_number=”70″ topic=”Hardy-Weinberg” multiple_choice=”true” unit=”Population_Genetics”] According to the Hardy-Weinberg principle, which of the following is would cause allele frequencies in a population to change?

[c]IHJhbmRvbSBtYXRpbmc=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLsKgUmFuZG9tIG1hdGluZyBpcyBvbmUgb2YgdGhlIHJlcXVpcmVkIGNvbmRpdGlvbnMgZm9yIGdlbmV0aWMgZXF1aWxpYnJpdW0gd2l0aGluIGEgcG9wdWxhdGlvbi4gTWFrZSBhbm90aGVyIGNob2ljZSBuZXh0IHRpbWUu[Qq]

[c]IG1pZ3Jh dGlvbg==[Qq]

[f]IEdyZWF0IGpvYiEgTWlncmF0aW9uIA==d291bGQgaW52b2x2ZSBnZW5lIGZsb3csIHdoaWNoIHdvdWxkIGNoYW5nZSBhbGxlbGUgZnJlcXVlbmNpZXMgaW4gYSBwb3B1bGF0aW9uJiM4MjE3O3MgZ2VuZSBwb29sLg==[Qq]

[c]IGxhcmdlIHBvcHVsYXRpb24u[Qq]

[f]IE5vLsKgTGFyZ2UgcG9wdWxhdGlvbiBzaXplIGlzIG9uZSBvZiB0aGUgY29uZGl0aW9ucyB0aGF0IGtlZXAgYWxsZWxlIGZyZXF1ZW5jaWVzIHdpdGhpbiBhIHBvcHVsYXRpb24gc3RhYmxlLiBNYWtlIGFub3RoZXIgY2hvaWNlIG5leHQgdGltZS4=[Qq]

[c]IGJvdGggYWxsZWxlcyBwcm9kdWNlIHBoZW5vdHlwZXMgdGhhdCBjb25mZXIgZXF1YWwgbGV2ZWxzIG9mIGZpdG5lc3Mu[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBJZiBib3RoIGFsbGVsZXMgcHJvZHVjZSBwaGVub3R5cGVzIHRoYXQgY29uZmVyIGVxdWFsIGxldmVscyBvZiBmaXRuZXNzLCB0aGV5JiM4MjE3O3JlIHdpbGwgYmUgbm8gbmF0dXJhbCBzZWxlY3Rpb24uIFRoYXQgd2lsbCBtYWludGFpbiBnZW5ldGljIGVxdWlsaWJyaXVtLiBMb29rIGZvciBzb21ldGhpbmcgdGhhdCBkaXNydXB0IGdlbmV0aWMgZXF1aWxpYnJpdW0gYW5kIGxlYWQgdG8gYSBjaGFuZ2UgaW4gYWxsZWxlIGZyZXF1ZW5jaWVzLg==

Cg==

[Qq]

[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Unit 7 Population Genetics Speed Trial Dataset|1e88b0ab4dd729″ question_number=”71″ topic=”Hardy-Weinberg” multiple_choice=”true” unit=”Population_Genetics”] Imagine a population of fruit flies where wing shape is determined by one pair of alleles: C is normal, c is curly-wings. A population of 1000 flies includes 100 curly-winged flies. In this population, what,s 2pq?

[c]IDAuMQ==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBIZXJlJiM4MjIxO3MgaG93IHRvIHByb2NlZWQuIFRoZSB0b3RhbCBudW1iZXIgb2YgaW5kaXZpZHVhbHMgaW4gdGhpcyBwb3B1bGF0aW9uIGlzIDEwMDAuIElmIDEwMCBoYXZlIHRoZSByZWNlc3NpdmUgcGhlbm90eXBlIChjdXJseSB3aW5ncyksIHRoZW4gdGhlIGZyZXF1ZW5jeSBvZiB0aGUgcmVjZXNzaXZlIHBoZW5vdHlwZSBpcyAwLjEuIE5vdywgc2V0IHVwIGEgY3Jvc3MtbXVsdGlwbGljYXRpb24gdGFibGUuIFB1dCAwLjEgaW4gdGhlIGJvdHRvbSByaWdodCwgYW5kIGZpZ3VyZSBvdXQgZXZlcnl0aGluZyBlbHNlIGZyb20gdGhlcmU=

Cg==Cg==Cg==Cg==

[Qq]	C (0.684)	c (0.316)
C (0.684)	CC	Cc (0.216)
c (0.316)	Cc (0.216)	cc (0.1)

The square root of 0.1 is 0.316, so that”s q. 1 – 0.316 is .684, so that”s p. What”s 2pq?

[c]IDAuNjg0[Qq]

Cg==Cg==Cg==Cg==

[Qq]	C (0.684)	c (0.316)
C (0.684)	CC	Cc (0.216)
c (0.316)	Cc (0.216)	cc (0.1)

The square root of 0.1 is 0.316, so that’s q. 1 – 0.316 is .684, so that”s p. So, what”s 2pq?

[c]IDAu NDMy[Qq]

[f]IENvcnJlY3QhIFRoZSB0b3RhbCBudW1iZXIgb2YgaW5kaXZpZHVhbHMgaW4gdGhpcyBwb3B1bGF0aW9uIGlzIDEwMDAuIElmIDEwMCBoYXZlIHRoZSByZWNlc3NpdmUgcGhlbm90eXBlIChjdXJseSB3aW5ncyksIHRoZW4gdGhlIGZyZXF1ZW5jeSBvZiB0aGUgcmVjZXNzaXZlIHBoZW5vdHlwZSBpcyAwLjEuIE5vdywgc2V0IHVwIGEgY3Jvc3MtbXVsdGlwbGljYXRpb24gdGFibGUuIFB1dCAwLjEgaW4gdGhlIGJvdHRvbSByaWdodCwgYW5kIGZpZ3VyZSBvdXQgZXZlcnl0aGluZyBlbHNlIGZyb20gdGhlcmU=

Cg==Cg==Cg==Cg==

[Qq]	C (0.684)	c (0.316)
C (0.684)	CC	Cc (0.216)
c (0.316)	Cc (0.216)	cc (0.1)

The square root of 0.1 is 0.316, so that”s q. 1 – 0.316 is .684, so that”s p. So, 2pq = .316 x .684 x 2 = .432

[c]IDAuNDU1[Qq]

Cg==Cg==Cg==Cg==

[Qq]	C (0.684)	c (0.316)
C (0.684)	CC	Cc (0.216)
c (0.316)	Cc (0.216)	cc (0.1)

The square root of 0.1 is 0.316, so that”s q. 1 – 0.316 is .684, so that”s p. So, what”s 2pq?

[c]IDAuMzE2[Qq]

Cg==Cg==Cg==Cg==

[Qq]	C (0.684)	c (0.316)
C (0.684)	CC	Cc (0.216)
c (0.316)	Cc (0.216)	cc (0.1)

The square root of 0.1 is 0.316, so that”s q. 1 – 0.316 is .684, so that”s p. So, what”s 2pq?

[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Unit 7 Population Genetics Speed Trial Dataset|1e888b6a8f9729″ question_number=”72″ topic=”Hardy-Weinberg” multiple_choice=”true” unit=”Population_Genetics”] Imagine a population of mice where color is determined by one pair of alleles: A is normal, a is albino. A population of 400 mice includes 36 albinos. What”s the frequency homozygous dominant mice?

[c]IDAuNDI=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBIZXJlJiM4MjIxO3MgaG93IHRvIHByb2NlZWQuIFRoZSB0b3RhbCBudW1iZXIgb2YgaW5kaXZpZHVhbHMgaW4gdGhpcyBwb3B1bGF0aW9uIGlzIDQwMC4gSWYgMzYgaGF2ZSB0aGUgcmVjZXNzaXZlIHBoZW5vdHlwZSAoYWxiaW5vKSwgdGhlbiB0aGUgZnJlcXVlbmN5IG9mIHRoZSByZWNlc3NpdmUgcGhlbm90eXBlIGlzIDAuMDkgKDklKS4gTm93LCBzZXQgdXAgYSBjcm9zcy1tdWx0aXBsaWNhdGlvbiB0YWJsZS4gUHV0IDAuMDkgaW4gdGhlIGJvdHRvbSByaWdodCAoYmVjYXVzZSB0aGF0JiM4MjIxO3MgcQ==^Mg==KSwgYW5kIGZpZ3VyZSBvdXQgZXZlcnl0aGluZyBlbHNlIGZyb20gdGhlcmU=

Cg==Cg==[Qq]

	A (0.7)	a (0.3)
A (0.7)	AA (0.49)	Aa (0.21)
a (0.3)	Aa(0.21)	aa (0.09)

The square root of 0.09 is 0.3, so that”s q. 1 – 0.3 is .7, so that”s p. So, what”s p²?

[c]IDAu NDk=[Qq]

[f]IE5pY2UuIEp1c3QgaW4gY2FzZSB5b3Ugd2VyZW4mIzgyMTc7dCAxMDAlIGNlcnRhaW4sIGhlcmUmIzgyMjE7cyB0aGUgc29sdXRpb24uIFRoZSB0b3RhbCBudW1iZXIgb2YgaW5kaXZpZHVhbHMgaW4gdGhpcyBwb3B1bGF0aW9uIGlzIDQwMC4gSWYgMzYgaGF2ZSB0aGUgcmVjZXNzaXZlIHBoZW5vdHlwZSAoYWxiaW5vKSwgdGhlbiB0aGUgZnJlcXVlbmN5IG9mIHRoZSByZWNlc3NpdmUgcGhlbm90eXBlIGlzIDAuMDkgKDklKS4gTm93LCBzZXQgdXAgYSBjcm9zcy1tdWx0aXBsaWNhdGlvbiB0YWJsZS4gUHV0IDAuMDkgaW4gdGhlIGJvdHRvbSByaWdodCAoYmVjYXVzZSB0aGF0JiM4MjIxO3MgcQ==^Mg==KSwgYW5kIGZpZ3VyZSBvdXQgZXZlcnl0aGluZyBlbHNlIGZyb20gdGhlcmU=

Cg==Cg==[Qq]

	A (0.7)	a (0.3)
A (0.7)	AA (0.49)	Aa (0.21)
a (0.3)	Aa(0.21)	aa (0.09)

The square root of 0.09 is 0.3, so that”s q. 1 – 0.3 is .7, so that”s p. So, p²= 0.49

[c]IDAuMw==[Qq]

Cg==Cg==[Qq]

	A (0.7)	a (0.3)
A (0.7)	AA (0.49)	Aa (0.21)
a (0.3)	Aa(0.21)	aa (0.09)

The square root of 0.09 is 0.3, so that”s q. 1 – 0.3 is .7, so that”s p. So, what”s p²?

[c]IDAuNw==[Qq]

Cg==Cg==[Qq]

	A (0.7)	a (0.3)
A (0.7)	AA (0.49)	Aa (0.21)
a (0.3)	Aa(0.21)	aa (0.09)

The square root of 0.09 is 0.3, so that”s q. 1 – 0.3 is .7, so that”s p. So, what”s p²?

[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Unit 7 Population Genetics Speed Trial Dataset|1e886629d15729″ question_number=”73″ topic=”natural_selection_in_gene_pools” multiple_choice=”true” unit=”Population_Genetics”] Which of these is not one of the major categories of natural selection?

[c]IERpcmVjdGlvbmFs[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBEaXJlY3Rpb25hbCBzZWxlY3Rpb24gaXMgc2VsZWN0aW9uIGFnYWluc3Qgb25lIGV4dHJlbWUgd2l0aGluIHRoZSBwb3B1bGF0aW9uLiBJdCBsb29rcyBsaWtlIHRoaXMu

Cg==

[Qq]

[c]IHN0YWJpbGl6aW5n[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBTdGFiaWxpemluZyAob3IgYmFsYW5jaW5nKSBzZWxlY3Rpb24gaXMgc2VsZWN0aW9uIGFnYWluc3QgYm90aCBleHRyZW1lcywgYW5kIGZvciB0aGUgbWVhbi4gSXQgbG9va3MgbGlrZSB0aGlzLg==

Cg==

[Qq]

[c]IGRpc3J1cHRpdmU=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBEaXNydXB0aXZlIHNlbGVjdGlvbiBpcyBzZWxlY3Rpb24gYWdhaW5zdCB0aGUgbWVhbiwgYW5kIGZvciB0aGUgZXh0cmVtZXMuIEl0IGxvb2tzIGxpa2UgdGhpcy4=

Cg==

[Qq]

[c]IEludHJh c2V4dWFs[Qq]

[f]IEZhbnRhc3RpYyBqb2IhIMKgSW50cmFzZXh1YWwgc2VsZWN0aW9uIGlzIGEgdHlwZSBvZiA=c2V4dWFsIHNlbGVjdGlvbg==LiBJdCBsZWFkcyB0byBldm9sdXRpb24sIGJ1dCBpdCYjODIxNztzIGluIGEgZGlmZmVyZW50IGNhdGVnb3J5IGZyb20gbmF0dXJhbCBzZWxlY3Rpb24u

Cg==

[Qq]

[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Unit 7 Population Genetics Speed Trial Dataset|1e883e95073329″ question_number=”74″ topic=”Population_Genetics_Key_Concepts” multiple_choice=”true” unit=”Population_Genetics”] In nature, populations are constantly evolving. This means that

[c]IHRoZXkgYXJlIGJlY29taW5nIG1vcmUgYWRhcHRlZA==[Qq]

[f]IE5vdCBuZWNlc3NhcmlseS4gUG9wdWxhdGlvbnMgY2FuIGp1c3QgYXMgZWFzaWx5IGV4cGVyaWVuY2UgZ2VuZXRpYyBkcmlmdCBvciBiZWNvbWUgZXh0aW5jdC4=[Qq]

[c]IHRoZXkgYXJlIGF0IGVxdWlsaWJyaXVt[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBJbiBhbiBldm9sdXRpb25hcnkgY29udGV4dCwgYSBwb3B1bGF0aW9uIHRoYXQmIzgyMjE7cyBhdCBlcXVpbGlicml1bSB3aWxsIGV4cGVyaWVuY2UsIG92ZXIgdGltZSwgbm8gY2hhbmdlIGluIHRoZSBmcmVxdWVuY2llcyBvZiB0aGUgYWxsZWxlcyBpbiBpdHMgZ2VuZSBwb29sLiBUaGF0JiM4MjIxO3MgdGhlIA==b3Bwb3NpdGU=IG9mIGV2b2x2aW5nLg==[Qq]

[c]IHRoZXkgYXJlwqBpbmNyZWFzaW5nIGluIHNpemUu[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBQb3B1bGF0aW9uIGluY3JlYXNlIG9yIGRlY3JlYXNlIGlzIGFuIGltcG9ydGFudCBwYXJ0IG9mIHRoZSBldm9sdXRpb25hcnkgcHJvY2VzcywgYnV0IGl0JiM4MjIxO3MgcG9zc2libGUgdG8gaW1hZ2luZSBhIHBvcHVsYXRpb24gdGhhdCYjODIyMTtzIGluY3JlYXNpbmcgaW4gc2l6ZSB3aXRob3V0IGNoYW5nZSBvY2N1cmluZyBpbiBpdHMgZ2VuZSBwb29sLg==[Qq]

[c]IHRoZSBhbGxlbGUgZnJlcXVlbmNpZXMgaW4gdG hlaXIgZ2VuZSBwb29sIGFyZSBjaGFuZ2luZw==[Qq]

[f]IEV4YWN0bHkuIENoYW5nZSBpbiBhbGxlbGUgZnJlcXVlbmNpZXMsIGZyb20gYSBwb3B1bGF0aW9uIGdlbmV0aWNzIHBlcnNwZWN0aXZlLCBpcyB0aGUgZGVmaW5pdGlvbiBvZiBldm9sdXRpb24u

Cg==

[Qq]

[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Unit 7 Population Genetics Speed Trial Dataset|1e881dfc60bb29″ question_number=”75″ topic=”Hardy-Weinberg” multiple_choice=”true” unit=”Population_Genetics”] A population geneticist creates a computer model of a large population. The initial settings of the model include the following: no mutations occur, no migration occurs, all matings are random, and each individual has an equal chance of reproducing. What will happen to this model population over the next 100 generations?

[c]IEl0IHdpbGwgYmVjb21lIGV4dGluY3Qu[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBXaGlsZSBleHRpbmN0aW9uIGlzIGFuIGltcG9ydGFudCBwYXJ0IG9mIHRoZSBldm9sdXRpb25hcnkgcHJvY2VzcywgdGhlcmUmIzgyMjE7cyBubyByZWFzb24gdG8gdGhpbmsgdGhhdCB0aGlzIG1vZGVsIHBvcHVsYXRpb24gd2lsbCBleHBlcmllbmNlIGV4dGluY3Rpb24u[Qq]

[c]IEEgcG9wdWxhdGlvbiBib3R0bGVuZWNrIHdpbGwgZGVjcmVhc2UgdGhlIGdlbmV0aWMgZGl2ZXJzaXR5IG9mIHRoaXMgcG9wdWxhdGlvbi4=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBTaW5jZSB0aGUgc2V0dGluZ3Mgb2YgdGhlIG1vZGVsIHNldCB0aGUgcG9wdWxhdGlvbiBhdCBhIGxhcmdlIHNpemUsIHRoZXJlJiM4MjIxO3Mgbm8gcmVhc29uIHRvIHByZWRpY3QgdGhhdCBhIHBvcHVsYXRpb24gYm90dGxlbmVjayB3aWxsIG9jY3VyIChiZWNhdXNlIHN1Y2ggYm90dGxlbmVja3MgYXJlIGFzc29jaWF0ZWQgd2l0aCBhIHJlZHVjdGlvbiBvZiBwb3B1bGF0aW9uIHNpemUgdG8gc3VjaCBhIHNtYWxsIGxldmVsIHRoYXQgcmFuZG9tIGdlbmV0aWMgZHJpZnQgY2FuIG9jY3VyKS4=[Qq]

[c]IE5hdHVyYWwgc2VsZWN0aW9uIHdpbGwgbGVhZCBjZXJ0YWluIGFsbGVsZXMgdG8gaW5jcmVhc2UgaW4gZnJlcXVlbmN5[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBUaGUgaW5pdGlhbCBzZXR0aW5ncyBvZiB0aGUgbW9kZWwgaGF2ZSBlYWNoIGluZGl2aWR1YWwgd2l0aCBhbiBlcXVhbCBjaGFuY2Ugb2YgcmVwcm9kdWNpbmcuIFRoYXQmIzgyMjE7cyBwcmV0dHkgbXVjaCB0aGUgZGVmaW5pdGlvbiBvZiAmIzgyMjA7bm8gbmF0dXJhbCBzZWxlY3Rpb24mIzgyMjE7IChiZWNhdXNlIG5hdHVyYWwgc2VsZWN0aW9uIGlzIGFsbCBhYm91dCBkaWZmZXJlbnRpYWwgc3Vydml2YWwgcmF0ZXMpLg==[Qq]

[c]IEFsbGVsZSBmcmVxdWVuY2llcyB3aWxsIHJl bWFpbiBtb3JlIG9yIGxlc3MgY29uc3RhbnQu[Qq]

[f]IENvcnJlY3QuIFdoYXQgdGhlIHNjaWVudGlzdCBoYXMgZG9uZSBpcyBzZXQgdGhlIGluaXRpYWwgY29uZGl0aW9ucyBvZiB0aGUgbW9kZWwgdG8gbWF0Y2ggdGhlIEhhcmR5LVdlaW5iZXJnIGNvbmRpdGlvbnMgZm9yIGdlbmV0aWMgZXF1aWxpYnJpdW0uIEhlbmNlLCB5b3UgY2FuIGV4cGVjdCB0aGF0IGFsbGVsZSBmcmVxdWVuY2llcyB3aWxsIHJlbWFpbiBtb3JlIG9yIGxlc3MgY29uc3RhbnQu

Cg==

[Qq]

[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Unit 7 Population Genetics Speed Trial Dataset|1e87fb0fae5f29″ question_number=”76″ topic=”gene_pools_and_mutation” multiple_choice=”true” unit=”Population_Genetics”] Of the following, which is not a source of variation within a population’s gene pool?

[c]IG1laW9zaXM=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBXaGlsZSBtZWlvc2lzIGRvZXNuJiM4MjE3O3QgaW50cm9kdWNlIG5ldyBhbGxlbGVzIGludG8gYSBnZW5lIHBvb2wsIGl0IGNyZWF0ZXMgbmV3IGNvbWJpbmF0aW9ucyBvZiBhbGxlbGVzLCB3aGljaCByZXN1bHRzIGluIGEgdmFyaWV0eSBvZiBwaGVub3R5cGVzLg==[Qq]

[c]IG11dGF0aW9u[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBNdXRhdGlvbiBpcyB0aGUgdWx0aW1hdGUgc291cmNlIG9mIG5ldyB2YXJpYXRpb24gd2l0aGluIGEgZ2VuZSBwb29sLg==[Qq]

[c]IHNleHVhbCByZXByb2R1Y3Rpb24=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBTZXh1YWwgcmVwcm9kdWN0aW9uLCB3aGljaCBpbnZvbHZlcyBib3RoIG1laW90aWMgcHJvZHVjdGlvbiBvZiBnYW1ldGVzIGFuZCBjb21iaW5hdGlvbiBvZiBnYW1ldGVzIGZyb20gZGlmZmVyZW50IGluZGl2aWR1YWxzLCBpcyBhIGtleSBzb3VyY2Ugb2YgdmFyaWF0aW9uLg==[Qq]

[c]IGNyb3NzaW5nIG92ZXI=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBDcm9zc2luZyBvdmVyIG9jY3VycyBkdXJpbmcgcHJvcGhhc2Ugb2YgbWVpb3NpcyAxLiBCeSByZWNvbWJpbmluZyBETkEgZnJvbSBtYXRlcm5hbCBhbmQgcGF0ZXJuYWwgY2hyb21vc29tZXMsIGl0IGNyZWF0ZXMgYm90aCBuZXcgY29tYmluYXRpb25zIG9mIGFsbGVsZXMsIGFuZCBuZXcgYWxsZWxlcy4gSW4gb3RoZXIgd29yZHMsIGNyb3NzaW5nIG92ZXIgaXMgYSBzb3VyY2Ugb2YgdmFyaWF0aW9uIHdpdGhpbiBwb3B1bGF0aW9ucw==

Cg==Cg==Cg==Cg==

[Qq]
A tetrad during synapsis, before crossing over	Recombinant chromosomes after crossing over

[c]IG5hdHVyYWwg c2VsZWN0aW9u[Qq]

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[Qq]

[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Unit 7 Population Genetics Speed Trial Dataset|1e87d822fc0329″ question_number=”77″ topic=”genetic_drift” multiple_choice=”true” unit=”Population_Genetics”] Genetic drift is most likely to occur in…

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[/qwiz]

What”s next?

This flashcard deck and quiz end Topics 7.1 to 7.5, Natural Selection and Population Genetics. You can find the next topic in the AP Bio Unit 7 (Evolution) Main Menu.