Molecules of Life Click-on Challenge

  1. You’ll see credit for completing this quiz in “Unit 1 Cumulative Assessment.”
  2. This same quiz can be completed for the same credit on the Biomania AP Bio App. Click here to download Biomania (free for students enrolled in a course with a teacher using Learn-Biology.com).

[qwiz dataset=”Molecules of Life Click-on Challenge” qrecord_id=”sciencemusicvideosMeister1961-Unit 1 Click-On Challenge (2.0)” quiz_timer=”true” random=”true” dataset_intro=”true” spaced_repetition=”false”]

[h] Molecules of Life Click-On Challenge

[i] Notice the timer in the top right. Your goal is to answer the questions below with accuracy and speed. A good strategy: once through slowly, then additional trials to try to climb to the top of the leaderboard.

[q json=”true” hotspot_user_interaction=”label_prompt” show_hotspots=”” dataset_id=”Molecules of Life Click-on Challenge|56660fe365d10″ question_number=”1″ unit=”1.Chemistry_of_Life” topic=”1.1.Structure_of_Water_and_Hydrogen_Bonding”] TOPIC: Chemistry of Water

Hydrogen bond

Terrific. The dash between the two molecules represents a hydrogen bond.

Hint:  Look for a bond between the two water molecules. 
A part of a water molecule with a partially negative charge

Superb! In this diagram, the bottom of each oxygen atom (in red) would have a partially negative charge.

Hint:  The oxygen atoms have a partially negative charge. Think about how many oxygens there are in a water molecule , and what color they would have to be in this representation. 
A part of a water molecule with a partially positive charge

Nice job! In this diagram, the hydrogen atoms (in gray) have a partially positive charge.

Hint: The hydrogen atoms have a partially positive charge. Think of water’s formula, and you’ll be able to figure out which atoms are the hydrogens. 

[q json=”true” hotspot_user_interaction=”label_prompt” show_hotspots=”” dataset_id=”Molecules of Life Click-on Challenge|565165f9de510″ question_number=”2″ unit=”1.Chemistry_of_Life” topic=”1.4.Carbohydrates_and_Lipids”] TOPIC: Carbohydrates

Could be glucose or fructose

Yes! “A” could represent a simple sugar like glucose or fructose.

Hint: Both glucose and fructose are monosaccharides, or simple sugars. Look for something that’s made of ONE unit, as opposed to two or more units chained together. 
Could represent starch or cellulose.

Way to go! “C” represents a linear polysaccharide such as starch or cellulose.

Hint. You’re looking for a molecule that’s a linear polysaccharide (multiple sugars linked together in a straight chain).
A disaccharide such as lactose or sucrose.

Nice! “B,” with two simple sugars linked together, represents a disaccharide.

Hint. Disaccharides are composed of two linked monosaccharides (simple sugars).
When mammals have too much sugar in their bloodstream, they convert it into this molecule.

Nicely done! It’s glycogen, at “D.”

Hint: You’re looking for glycogen, a branched polysaccharide, made up of many linked glucose monomers.

[q json=”true” hotspot_user_interaction=”label_prompt” show_hotspots=”” dataset_id=”Molecules of Life Click-on Challenge|561b8e66e5d10″ question_number=”3″ unit=”1.Chemistry_of_Life” topic=”1.1-1.6._Unit_1_Cross-Topic”] TOPIC: Biochemistry

A polypeptide

Yes. “A” is a polypeptide. 

Hint:  A polypeptide is a chain of linked amino acids. 
ATP, or a monomer of DNA or RNA

Way to go! “B” is a nucleotide.

Hint:  You’re looking for a nucleotide. This is a molecule with three sub-parts, one of which is a 5 carbon sugar. Find that five carbon sugar!
The monomer of proteins

Very nice! “C” is an amino acid, the monomer of proteins.

Hint:  You’re looking for an amino acid. There’s a central carbon, an amino group, a carboxyl group, and a few other attached pieces. 
Forms the framework of cell membranes

Thumbs up! It’s the phospholipid, at “D.” 

Hint:  You’re looking for a phospholipid. There are two long hydrocarbon “tails,” and a hydrophilic “head” that contains a phosphate group
Could be a membrane component, or a lipid-soluble hormone

 Nice. “E” is a steroid.

Hint: You’re looking for a steroid. These molecules contain four fused carbon rings.  

[q json=”true” hotspot_user_interaction=”label_prompt” show_hotspots=”” dataset_id=”Molecules of Life Click-on Challenge|55e8ea6446d10″ question_number=”4″ unit=”1.Chemistry_of_Life” topic=”1.5.Proteins”] TOPIC: Protein structure basics

Primary structure

Yes! “A” is primary structure

Hint: Primary structure is the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. The other levels (secondary, tertiary, etc) emerge from interactions determined by that sequence.
Alpha helix

Way to go! “B’ is an alpha helix.

Hint:  A helix is a coil (the shape you find in a spring).
Beta pleated sheet

Very nice! “C” is a beta pleated sheet.

Hint:  A pleat is a fold. Pleated sheets have multiple folds.
Tertiary structure

Thumbs up. “D” is a representation of tertiary (third-level) structure)

Hint:  In tertiary structure, a polypeptide folds up into a complex, 3 dimensional shape.
Quaternary structure

That’s right! “E” represents quaternary structure.

Hint:  Quaternary structure involves two or more polypeptide chains binding together. 

[q json=”true” hotspot_user_interaction=”label_prompt” show_hotspots=”” dataset_id=”Molecules of Life Click-on Challenge|55b09984ac110″ question_number=”5″ unit=”1.Chemistry_of_Life” topic=”1.5.Proteins”] TOPIC: Protein structure, applications

Directly determined by genes.

Terrific. Primary structure is genetically determined.

Hint. You’re looking for the primary structure. 
Because it can span a membrane, this protein structure is often seen in receptors and channels.

Outstanding! Alpha helices  (at “B”) are frequently seen spanning membranes to form receptors and channels.

Hint: You’re looking for an alpha helix. 
This level of structure is determined by interactions between amino acid side chains (or R-groups).

Impressive! Tertiary structure (at “D”) is caused by interactions between side chains.

Hint. Find a level of structure with loops and turns. These are caused by hydrogen, covalent, and ionic bonds between side chains.
Hemoglobin, insulin, and many other proteins require this level of structure.

Great work. Hemoglobin and insulin consist of multiple polypeptide chains.

Hint: Both hemoglobin and insulin consist of multiple polypeptide chains. 

[q json=”true” hotspot_user_interaction=”label_prompt” show_hotspots=”” dataset_id=”Molecules of Life Click-on Challenge|2caccf8e7c0c5″ question_number=”6″ unit=”1.Chemistry_of_Life” topic=”1.5.Proteins”] TOPIC: Proteins: tertiary interactions

The number of the polypeptide backbone.

Good work. “1” represents the polypeptide backbone.

Hint: An animal’s backbone runs along the entire length of its torso. Find something that runs the along the entire length of this representation of a protein.
An ionic bond between two R-groups

Fantastic! “5” is an ionic bond.

Hint: Within a protein, ionic bonds occur between charged functional groups.  Where to you see functional groups with charges? 
A hydrophobic cluster (or its number)

Exactly. “4” represents a hydrophobic cluster.

Hint:  Find two clustered side chains where there are hydrophobic regions (caused by lots of non-polar methyl groups).
A disulfide bridge

Excellent! “3” is a disulfide bridge.

Hint:  A disulfide bridge is a covalent bond between two sulfur atoms.
A hydrogen bond.

Correct! “2” shows a tertiary interaction involving a hydrogen bond.

Hint:  Hydrogen bonds are typically represented by a dotted line.

[q json=”true” hotspot_user_interaction=”label_prompt” show_hotspots=”” dataset_id=”Molecules of Life Click-on Challenge|b7dd80e6189d5″ question_number=”7″ unit=”1.Chemistry_of_Life” topic=”1.2.Monomers_and_Polymers”] TOPIC: Monomers to polymers (and back)

Hydrolysis

Awesome. When enzymes add water to the bond that connects two monomers within a polymer, it splits the monomers apart. That’s hydrolysis. 

Hint:   When enzymes add water to the bond that connects two monomers within a polymer, it splits the monomers apart. That’s hydrolysis. 
Dehydration synthesis

Awesome! When two monomers are bonded together through removal of a water molecule, that’s dehydration synthesis.

Hint:  When two monomers are bonded together through removal of a water molecule, that’s dehydration synthesis.

[q json=”true” hotspot_user_interaction=”label_prompt” show_hotspots=”” dataset_id=”Molecules of Life Click-on Challenge|2130072f83712f” question_number=”8″ unit=”1.Chemistry_of_Life” topic=”1.5.Proteins”] TOPIC: Amino acids

Amino group

Yes! “2” is the amino group.

Hint: An amino functional group has a nitrogen atom.
A carboxyl group

Way to go! “3” is the carboxyl group.

Hint:  A carboxyl group includes a carbon atom that’s double bonded to an oxygen. 
The side chain.

Thumbs up! “4” represents the side chain. There can be twenty varieties.

Hint:  The side chain is a variable group. There are twenty varieties. A generic side chain is represented by “R.”

[q json=”true” hotspot_user_interaction=”label_prompt” show_hotspots=”” dataset_id=”Molecules of Life Click-on Challenge|22cb7bc4cf7a2e” question_number=”9″ unit=”1.Chemistry_of_Life” topic=”1.1-1.6._Unit_1_Cross-Topic”] TOPIC: Biomolecules

The letter that would represent a monosaccharide.

Awesome. Monosaccharides, at “A.” are the monomers of carbohydrates. 

Hint: Monosaccharides are simple sugars. That would make them the monomers of which type of biomolecule?
The letter that could represent glucose, sucrose, or starch.

Correct! Glucose, sucrose, and starch are all carbohydrates.

Hint:  Glucose is a simple sugar. Sucrose and starch are all polymers of simple sugars. That makes them examples of …
the letter that would represent lipids

Excellent. “C” would represent lipids.

Hint: What biomolecule family includes oils (as well as steroids, waxes, and phospholipids)?
The letter that would represent fatty acids.

Correct! Fatty acids are one of the key building blocks of lipids.

Hint: One of the components of fats and oils are fatty acids.
The letter that would represent proteins

Nice job!  ”E” is protein.

Hint: Amino acids are the monomers of which biomolecule family?
This letter could represent hemoglobin, insulin, or keratin, or the spike on a SARS virus.

Exactly. These are all examples of proteins.

Hint: These are all examples of a molecule that’s synthesized at ribosomes during the process of translation.
The letter that would represent nucleic acids.

Impressive! “G” represents nucleic acids.

Hint: These are the molecules of heredity. Think of what DNA stands for, and you’ll have the answer.
This letter would represent nucleotides.

Nice!  ”H” represents nucleotides. 

Hint: Nucleotides are the monomers of molecules that are mostly found in the nucleus of the cell.

[/qwiz]