Photosynthesis: The Big Picture

For a deeper dive into this material, go to Topic 3.5, Part 1: Introduction to Photosynthesis, then Topic 3.5, Part 2: Chloroplasts and the Two Phases of Photosynthesis and Topic 3.5, Part 3: Light, Pigments, and Photosynthesis

1. Watch this Video

2. Study this Summary

Overview of Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis converts light energy into chemical energy, producing glucose and oxygen.
Chemical Equation:
6CO₂ + 6H₂O + light energy → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
Photosynthesis is an endergonic reaction:
- Combines low-energy inputs (CO₂ and H₂O) to create high-energy glucose.
- Decreases entropy by creating a more organized structure.
Photosynthesis (like cellular respiration) is an oxidation-reduction process.
- Reduction involves the gain of electrons. The reductions in photosynthesis occur
  - During the light reactions, where electrons from water are used to temporarily store energy in the mobile electron carrier NADPH
  - During the Calvin cycle, where electrons from NADPH are used to reduce carbon dioxide (CO₂) to glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆)
- Oxidation involves the loss of electrons (and hydrogens) from energy-rich compounds.
  - The primary oxidation that occurs during photosynthesis is the oxidation of water (H₂O) to Oxygen (O₂) during the light reactions.
  - During the Calvin Cycle NADPH is reduced to NADP+, which provides electrons (and hydrogen) for the reduction of carbon dioxide (CO₂) to glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆)

Evolution and Consequences of Photosynthesis

First evolved ~3.5 billion years ago, shortly after the emergence of life (~3.8 billion years ago).
Major consequences:
- Created an oxygen-rich atmosphere, enabling aerobic metabolism.
- Formed the ozone layer, which protects life from ultraviolet radiation and made life on land possible.

Phases of Photosynthesis

Light Reactions:
- Occur in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts.
- Convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH.
Calvin Cycle:
- Occurs in the stroma of chloroplasts.
- Uses ATP, NADPH, and CO₂ to synthesize carbohydrates.

Role of Chlorophyll and Pigments

Chlorophyll:
- Primary pigment for absorbing light energy.
- Key structure: Porphyrin ring with magnesium at the center, enabling conversion of light energy into electrical energy.
Absorption Spectrum:
- Shows light wavelengths absorbed by chlorophyll and other pigments.
- Chlorophyll absorbs most energy in the blue and red parts of the spectrum and reflects green light (hence, leaves are green).
Action Spectrum:
- Shows wavelengths of light that drive photosynthesis most effectively (blue and red).
- Demonstrated by the Engelmann experiment and experiments like the spinach leaf disc assay.

Structure of Chloroplast and Connection to Photosynthesis

Chloroplast Structure:
- Double membrane with an intermembrane space.
- Contains DNA and ribosomes, a legacy of its evolutionary origin as a free-living cell.
Key Components:
- Thylakoids: Membrane-bound sacs that contain photosystems and chlorophyll for the light reactions. Organized into stacks called grana.
- Stroma: The fluid-filled space surrounding the thylakoids, where the Calvin cycle occurs.

3. Master these Flashcards

[qdeck style=”width: 600px !important; min-height: 450px !important;” bold_text=”false” random=”true”]

[h] Learn key facts about photosynthesis, its processes, and its role in shaping life on Earth.

[q json=”true” yy=”4″ unit=”3.Cellular_Energetics” dataset_id=”AP_Bio_Flashcards_2022|1c8afa2abf910″ question_number=”108″ topic=”3.5.Photosynthesis”] Connect the structure of chloroplasts to the reactions of photosynthesis.

[a] Chloroplasts have internal membrane-bound sacs called thylakoids (4) which contain the membrane-bound photosystems and chlorophyll pigments for the light reactions of photosynthesis. The thylakoids are organized into stacks called grana. Surrounding the grana is a fluid called stroma (6) which is where the carbon-fixing reactions of the Calvin cycle occur.

[q json=”true” yy=”4″ unit=”3.Cellular_Energetics” dataset_id=”AP_Bio_Flashcards_2022|1c80103302d10″ question_number=”109″ topic=”3.5.Photosynthesis”] On a big picture level, what happens during photosynthesis?

[a] During photosynthesis, free energy from light is coupled to the endergonic synthesis of organic compounds. In the type of photosynthesis that happens in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria, carbon dioxide is combined with water to create carbohydrates, with oxygen released as a byproduct. As a redox reaction, photosynthesis oxidizes water and reduces carbon dioxide.

[q json=”true” yy=”4″ unit=”3.Cellular_Energetics” topic=”3.5.Photosynthesis” dataset_id=”AP_Bio_Flashcards_2022|29783a708ebfa” question_number=”110″] When did photosynthesis first evolve?

[a] Photosynthesis evolved relatively early in the history of life — as early as 3.5 billion years ago. There is fossil evidence of microscopic cells that look like modern cyanobacteria (photosynthetic bacteria), and which have left chemical traces indicating that they were converting carbon dioxide into organic matter.

[q json=”true” yy=”4″ unit=”3.Cellular_Energetics” topic=”3.5.Photosynthesis” dataset_id=”AP_Bio_Flashcards_2022|295fc7f3b4bfa” question_number=”111″] What’s the chemical equation for photosynthesis? Is this reaction endergonic or exergonic?

[a] The chemical equation for photosynthesis is

6CO₂ + 6H₂O + light energy –> C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂

The reaction is endergonic. It takes two low-energy inputs (CO₂ and H₂O) and converts them into a high-energy product (glucose, C₆H₁₂O₆). It also reduces entropy: 12 molecules on the reactant side are organized into 7 molecules on the product side.

[q json=”true” yy=”4″ unit=”3.Cellular_Energetics” dataset_id=”AP_Bio_Flashcards_2022|1c70a3643c510″ question_number=”112″ topic=”3.5.Photosynthesis”] The evolution of photosynthesis had Earth-changing consequences. What were they?

[a] The first photosynthesizers (cyanobacteria) transformed the Earth by releasing free oxygen (O₂) into the environment. The availability of oxygen set the stage for aerobic metabolism. Photosynthesis is also responsible for the formation of Earth’s oxygen-rich atmosphere, which led to the ozone layer that made life on land possible (starting about 400 million years ago).

[q json=”true” yy=”4″ unit=”3.Cellular_Energetics” topic=”3.5.Photosynthesis” dataset_id=”AP_Bio_Flashcards_2022|2e6bc7a9f340″ question_number=”113″] What are the two phases of photosynthesis, and what does each accomplish?

[a]
Light Reactions: Occur in the thylakoids, converting light energy into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH.
Calvin Cycle: Occurs in the stroma, using ATP, NADPH, and CO₂ to synthesize carbohydrates.

[q json=”true” yy=”4″ unit=”3.Cellular_Energetics” topic=”3.5.Photosynthesis” dataset_id=”AP_Bio_Flashcards_2022|2f7bc1d23410″ question_number=”114″] What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?

[a] Chlorophyll is the primary pigment that absorbs light energy. Its porphyrin ring, with magnesium at the center, enables it to convert light energy into electrical energy, powering the light reactions.

[q json=”true” yy=”4″ unit=”3.Cellular_Energetics” topic=”3.5.Photosynthesis” dataset_id=”AP_Bio_Flashcards_2022|307cd9184f11″ question_number=”115″] Why are leaves green, and how does this relate to the absorption spectrum of chlorophyll?

[a] Leaves are green because chlorophyll absorbs blue and red light while reflecting green light. Chlorophyll’s absorption spectrum shows strong absorption in the blue and red wavelengths and weak absorption in the green.

[q json=”true” yy=”4″ unit=”3.Cellular_Energetics” topic=”3.5.Photosynthesis” dataset_id=”AP_Bio_Flashcards_2022|317db619a012″ question_number=”116″] What is the action spectrum of photosynthesis, and what experiment helped determine it?

[a] The action spectrum shows the effectiveness of different light wavelengths in driving photosynthesis. Blue and red wavelengths are the most effective. The Engelmann experiment demonstrated this by showing aerobic bacteria clustering around algae exposed to blue and red light, where oxygen production was highest.

[/qdeck]

4. Tackle these Quizzes

4.1. Quiz: Photosynthesis, the big picture

[qwiz random = “false” ]

[h]Photosynthesis: the big picture.

[i]

[q labels = “top” dataset_id=”SMV_PSN_The_Big_Picture|d2867ebbbc7b4″ question_number=”8″]

The energy for all life is provided by the ______ . Within plant cells, organelles called ________________ take up ____________________ (a gas) and __________. Through the process of ___________________, ______________ create the sugar _________ and release _________ as a by-product. In both plant and animal cells, ________________ take in_________ (gas) and __________. During cellular _____________, mitochondria will produce ________, and release the gas __________________ and __________. These, in turn, become the inputs for _________________.

[l]ATP

[fx] No, that’s not correct. Please try again.

[f*] Correct!

[l]carbon dioxide

[fx] No, that’s not correct. Please try again.

[f*] Good!

[l]chloroplasts

[fx] No, that’s not correct. Please try again.

[f*] Correct!

[l]glucose

[fx] No, that’s not correct. Please try again.

[f*] Excellent!

[l]mitochondria

[fx] No, that’s not correct. Please try again.

[f*] Good!

[l]oxygen

[fx] No, that’s not correct. Please try again.

[f*] Excellent!

[l]photosynthesis

[fx] No, that’s not correct. Please try again.

[f*] Excellent!

[l]respiration

[fx] No, that’s not correct. Please try again.

[f*] Good!

[l]sun

[fx] No, that’s not correct. Please try again.

[f*] Excellent!

[l]water

[fx] No, that’s not correct. Please try again.

[f*] Correct!

[q topic= “photosynthesis_overview” question_number=”1″ dataset_id=”SMV_PSN_The_Big_Picture|d2c08ea4423b4″] Which number represents the substance that gets reduced during photosynthesis?

[textentry single_char=”true”]

[c]ID I=[Qq]

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[c]ICo=[Qq]

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Cg==

[Qq]

[q multiple_choice=”true” dataset_id=”SMV_PSN_The_Big_Picture|d2b88dbb627b4″ question_number=”2″] In biological processes like respiration and photosynthesis and respiration, substances that are reduced have _______ chemical energy than substances that are oxidized.

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[c]IGFib3V0IHRoZSBzYW1lIGFtb3VudCBvZg==[Qq]

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[Qq]

[q dataset_id=”SMV_PSN_The_Big_Picture|d2b121d57bbb4″ question_number=”3″] Which number represents the substance that gets oxidized during photosynthesis?

[textentry single_char=”true”]

[c]ID M=[Qq]

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[c]ICo=[Qq]

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Cg==

[Qq]

[q dataset_id=”SMV_PSN_The_Big_Picture|d2a9b5ef94fb4″ question_number=”4″] Which number represents the reduced product of photosynthesis?

[textentry single_char=”true”]

[c]NQ ==[Qq]

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Cg==

[Qq]

[q labels = “top” dataset_id=”SMV_PSN_The_Big_Picture|d2911e31fcbb4″ question_number=”7″]

[l]ATP

[fx] No. Please try again.

[f*] Correct!

[l]carbon dioxide

[fx] No, that’s not correct. Please try again.

[f*] Good!

[l]chloroplast

[fx] No. Please try again.

[f*] Great!

[l]glucose

[fx] No. Please try again.

[f*] Good!

[l]light

[fx] No. Please try again.

[f*] Great!

[l]mitochondria

[fx] No, that’s not correct. Please try again.

[f*] Correct!

[l]oxygen

[fx] No, that’s not correct. Please try again.

[f*] Great!

[l]water

[fx] No, that’s not correct. Please try again.

[f*] Excellent!

[q topic= “cellular_respiration_overview” dataset_id=”SMV_PSN_The_Big_Picture|d27de8cfe3bb4″ question_number=”9″]The correct chemical reaction for cellular respiration is

[c]IEM=_Ng==SA==_MTI=Tw==_[Qq]6+ 6CO₂ + energy(ATP) –> 6CO₂ + 6O₂

[c]IE M=_Ng==SA==[Qq]₁₂O₆+ 6O₂ –> energy(ATP) + 6CO₂ + 6H₂O

[c]IDZDTw==_Mg==ICsgNkg=[Qq]₂O –> Energy(light) + C₆H₁₂O₆+ 6O₂

[c]IDZI_Mg==TyArIDZP[Qq]₂ –> 6CO₂ + 6H₂O

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Cg==

[Qq]
[q topic= “cellular_respiration_overview” dataset_id=”SMV_PSN_The_Big_Picture|d2759d65877b4″ question_number=”10″]The function of cellular respiration is to produce

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Cg==

[Qq]
[q topic= “photosynthesis_overview” dataset_id=”SMV_PSN_The_Big_Picture|d26d9c7ca7bb4″ question_number=”11″]The equation 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + Energy(light) C₆H₁₂O₆+ 6O₂ is for

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[c]IGxhY3RpYyBhY2lkIGZlcm1lbnRhdGlvbg==[Qq]

[c]IHBob3Rvc3 ludGhlc2lz[Qq]

[c]IGFsY29ob2wgZmVybWVudGF0aW9u[Qq]

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[Qq]
[q topic= “photosynthesis_overview” dataset_id=”SMV_PSN_The_Big_Picture|d2652bd18d3b4″ question_number=”12″]The energy that powers photosynthesis comes from

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[c]IGNhcmJvbiBkaW94aWRl[Qq]

[c]IGxp Z2h0[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBHbHVjb3NlIGlzIHRoZSBwcm9kdWN0IG9mIHBob3Rvc3ludGhlc2lzLiBUaGUgZW5lcmd5IHNvdXJjZSBmb3IgcGhvdG9zeW50aGVzaXMgaXMgYnVpbHQgaW50byB0aGUgd29yZCDigJhwaG90b3N5bnRoZXNpcy7igJkg4oCYUGhvdG/igJkgcmVmZXJzIHRvIHdoYXQ/[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBPeHlnZW4gaXMgYSBieXByb2R1Y3Qgb2YgcGhvdG9zeW50aGVzaXMuIFRoZSBlbmVyZ3kgc291cmNlIGZvciBwaG90b3N5bnRoZXNpcyBpcyBidWlsdCBpbnRvIHRoZSB3b3JkIOKAmHBob3Rvc3ludGhlc2lzLuKAmSDigJhQaG90b+KAmSByZWZlcnMgdG8gd2hhdD8=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBDYXJib24gZGlveGlkZSBpcyBhbiBpbnB1dCBmb3IgcGhvdG9zeW50aGVzaXMsIG5vdCBvbmUgb2YgdGhlIHByb2R1Y3RzLiBUaGUgZW5lcmd5IHNvdXJjZSBmb3IgcGhvdG9zeW50aGVzaXMgaXMgYnVpbHQgaW50byB0aGUgd29yZCDigJhwaG90b3N5bnRoZXNpcy7igJkg4oCYUGhvdG/igJkgcmVmZXJzIHRvIHdoYXQ/[Qq]

[f]IFllcy4gTGlnaHQgZW5lcmd5IGlzIHdoYXQgZHJpdmVzIHRoZSByZWFjdGlvbnMgb2YgcGhvdG9zeW50aGVzaXMu

Cg==

[Qq]
[q topic= “photosynthesis_overview” dataset_id=”SMV_PSN_The_Big_Picture|d25d50296bbb4″ question_number=”13″]The correct chemical equation for photosynthesis is

[c]IEM=_Ng==SA==_MTI=Tw==_[Qq]6+ 6CO₂ + energy(ATP) -> 6CO₂ + 6O₂

[c]IEM=_Ng==SA==_MTI=Tw==_[Qq]6+ 6O₂ -> energy(ATP) + 6CO₂ + 6H₂O

[c]IDZD Tw==_Mg==ICsgNkg=_Mg==TyArIEVuZXJneShsaWdodCkgLSZndDsgQw==_[Qq]6H₁₂O₆+ 6O₂

[c]IDZI_Mg==TyArIDZP_MiA=IC0mZ3Q7IDZDTw==_[Qq]2 + 6H₂O

[f]IE5vLiBUaGUgcmVhY3Rpb24gYWJvdmUgc2hvd3MgZ2x1Y29zZSBiZWluZyBjb21iaW5lZCB3aXRoIGNhcmJvbiBkaW94aWRlLiBJbiBwaG90b3N5bnRoZXNpcywgY2FyYm9uIGRpb3hpZGUgaXMgY29tYmluZWQgd2l0aCB3YXRlciB0byBjcmVhdGUgZ2x1Y29zZSwgd2l0aCBveHlnZW4gcmVsZWFzZWQgYXMgYSBieXByb2R1Y3Qu[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBJbiBwaG90b3N5bnRoZXNpcywgY2FyYm9uIGRpb3hpZGUgaXMgY29tYmluZWQgd2l0aCB3YXRlciB0byBjcmVhdGUgZ2x1Y29zZSwgd2l0aCBveHlnZW4gcmVsZWFzZWQgYXMgYSBieXByb2R1Y3Qu[Qq]

[f]IFllcy4gSW4gcGhvdG9zeW50aGVzaXMsIGNhcmJvbiBkaW94aWRlIGlzIGNvbWJpbmVkIHdpdGggd2F0ZXIgdG8gY3JlYXRlIGdsdWNvc2UsIHdpdGggb3h5Z2VuIHJlbGVhc2VkIGFzIGEgYnlwcm9kdWN0Lg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBGaW5kIGEgcmVhY3Rpb24gdGhhdCBiZWdpbnMgd2l0aCBjYXJib24gZGlveGlkZSBhbmQgd2F0ZXIsIGFuZCBjb21iaW5lcyB0aG9zZSBpbnB1dHMgdG8gY3JlYXRlIGdsdWNvc2UsIHdpdGggb3h5Z2VuIHJlbGVhc2VkIGFzIGEgYnlwcm9kdWN0Lg==

Cg==

[Qq]
[q topic= “photosynthesis_overview” dataset_id=”SMV_PSN_The_Big_Picture|d255bf02c6bb4″ question_number=”14″]The organelle that carries out photosynthesis in a plant cell is

[c]IHRoZSB2YWN1b2xl[Qq]

[c]IHRoZSBjaGxv cm9wbGFzdA==[Qq]

[c]IHRoZSBudWNsZXVz[Qq]

[c]IHRoZSBtaXRvY2hvbmRyaWE=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBUaGUgdmFjdW9sZeKAmXMgcm9sZSBpcyB0byBzdG9yZSB3YXRlciBhbmQgb3RoZXIgc3Vic3RhbmNlcy4gRm9yIGEgaGludCBhYm91dCB0aGUgb3JnYW5lbGxlIHRoYXQgZG9lcyBwaG90b3N5bnRoZXNpcywgdGhpbmsgb2YgdGhlIGdyZWVuIHBpZ21lbnQg4oCYY2hsb3JvcGh5bGwu4oCZIFdoaWNoIG9yZ2FuZWxsZSBoYXMgYSBzaW1pbGFyIHNvdW5kPw==[Qq]

[f]IFllcy4gVGhlIGNobG9yb3BsYXN0LCB3aGljaCBnZXRzIGl0cyBuYW1lIGZyb20gdGhlIHBpZ21lbnQgY2hsb3JvcGh5bGwsIGlzIHRoZSBvcmdhbmVsbGUgdGhhdCBjYXJyaWVzIG91dCBwaG90b3N5bnRoZXNpcy4=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBUaGUgbnVjbGV1cyBpcyB0aGUgY2VsbOKAmXMgY29udHJvbCBjZW50ZXIuIEZvciBhIGhpbnQgYWJvdXQgdGhlIG9yZ2FuZWxsZSB0aGF0IGRvZXMgcGhvdG9zeW50aGVzaXMsIHRoaW5rIG9mIHRoZSBncmVlbiBwaWdtZW50IOKAmGNobG9yb3BoeWxsLuKAmSBXaGljaCBvcmdhbmVsbGUgaGFzIGEgc2ltaWxhciBzb3VuZD8=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBUaGUgbWl0b2Nob25kcmlhIHBsYXkgYSBrZXkgcm9sZSBpbiBjZWxsdWxhciByZXNwaXJhdGlvbi4gRm9yIGEgaGludCBhYm91dCB0aGUgb3JnYW5lbGxlIHRoYXQgZG9lcyBwaG90b3N5bnRoZXNpcywgdGhpbmsgb2YgdGhlIGdyZWVuIHBpZ21lbnQg4oCYY2hsb3JvcGh5bGwu4oCZIFdoaWNoIG9yZ2FuZWxsZSBoYXMgYSBzaW1pbGFyIHNvdW5kPw==

Cg==

[Qq]
[q topic= “photosynthesis_overview” dataset_id=”SMV_PSN_The_Big_Picture|d24dbe19e6fb4″ question_number=”15″]From a plant’s perspective, the purpose of photosynthesis is production of

[c]IGNhcmJvbiBkaW94aWRl[Qq]

[c]IGxpZ2h0[Qq]

[c]IHdhdGVy[Qq]

[c]IGNhcmJvaHlkcmF0 ZSAoZ2x1Y29zZSk=[Qq]

[c]IG94eWdlbg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBDYXJib24gZGlveGlkZSBpcyBhbiBpbnB1dCBmb3IgcGhvdG9zeW50aGVzaXMuIEZyb20gYSBwbGFudOKAmXMgcGVyc3BlY3RpdmUsIHBob3Rvc3ludGhlc2lzIGlzIGFib3V0IG1ha2luZyBmb29kLiBXaGljaCBzdWJzdGFuY2UgaXMgYSB0eXBlIG9mIGZvb2Q/[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBMaWdodCBpcyB0aGUgZW5lcmd5IHRoYXQgZHJpdmVzIHBob3Rvc3ludGhlc2lzLiBGcm9tIGEgcGxhbnTigJlzIHBlcnNwZWN0aXZlLCBwaG90b3N5bnRoZXNpcyBpcyBhYm91dCBtYWtpbmcgZm9vZC4gV2hpY2ggc3Vic3RhbmNlIGlzIGEgdHlwZSBvZiBmb29kPw==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBXYXRlciBpcyBhbiBpbnB1dCBmb3IgcGhvdG9zeW50aGVzaXMuIEZyb20gYSBwbGFudOKAmXMgcGVyc3BlY3RpdmUsIHBob3Rvc3ludGhlc2lzIGlzIGFib3V0IG1ha2luZyBmb29kLiBXaGljaCBzdWJzdGFuY2UgaXMgYSB0eXBlIG9mIGZvb2Q/[Qq]

[f]IFllcy4gRnJvbSBhIHBsYW504oCZcyBwZXJzcGVjdGl2ZSwgcGhvdG9zeW50aGVzaXMgaXMgYWJvdXQgbWFraW5nIGZvb2Q7IHRoYXQgZm9vZCBpcyBhIGNhcmJvaHlkcmF0ZSwgdHlwaWNhbGx5IGdsdWNvc2Uu[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBPeHlnZW4gaXMgYSBieXByb2R1Y3Qgb2YgcGhvdG9zeW50aGVzaXMuIFdoaWxlIHdl4oCZcmUgdmVyeSBncmF0ZWZ1bCBmb3IgcGxhbnRzIGZvciBjcmVhdGluZyBveHlnZW4sIGl04oCZcyBub3QgdGhlIGdvYWwgb2YgdGhlIHByb2Nlc3MuIEZyb20gYSBwbGFudOKAmXMgcGVyc3BlY3RpdmUsIHBob3Rvc3ludGhlc2lzIGlzIGFib3V0IG1ha2luZyBmb29kLiBXaGljaCBzdWJzdGFuY2UgaXMgYSB0eXBlIG9mIGZvb2Q/

Cg==

[Qq]
[q topic= “photosynthesis_overview” dataset_id=”SMV_PSN_The_Big_Picture|d245bd31073b4″ question_number=”16″]The carbon that photosynthesis puts into carbohydrates comes from

[c]IGNhcmJvbi BkaW94aWRl[Qq]

[c]IGxpZ2h0[Qq]

[c]IEFUUA==[Qq]

[c]IGdsdWNvc2U=[Qq]

[c]IG94eWdlbg==[Qq]

[f]IFllcy4gQ2FyYm9uIGRpb3hpZGUgaXMgdGhlIHNvdXJjZSBvZiB0aGUgY2FyYm9uIHRoYXQgcGhvdG9zeW50aGVzaXMgcHV0cyBpbnRvIGNhcmJvaHlkcmF0ZXMu[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBMaWdodCBpcyB0aGUgZW5lcmd5IHRoYXQgZHJpdmVzIHBob3Rvc3ludGhlc2lzLiBGb3IgdGhlIHNvdXJjZSBvZiB0aGUgY2FyYm9uIHRoYXQgZ29lcyBpbnRvIGNhcmJvaHlkcmF0ZXMsIGxvb2sgZm9yIHRoZSBjaG9pY2UgdGhhdCBpcyBib3RoIGFuIGlucHV0IGZvciBwaG90b3N5bnRoZXNpcywgYW5kIHdoaWNoIGhhcyB0aGUgZWxlbWVudCBjYXJib24gaW4gaXQu[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBBVFAgaXMgYW4gZW5lcmd5IHNvdXJjZSBmb3IgY2VsbHMsIGJ1dCBpdOKAmXMgbm90IGEgY2FyYm9uIHNvdXJjZS4gRm9yIHRoZSBzb3VyY2Ugb2YgdGhlIGNhcmJvbiB0aGF0IGdvZXMgaW50byBjYXJib2h5ZHJhdGVzLCBsb29rIGZvciB0aGUgY2hvaWNlIHRoYXQgaXMgYm90aCBhbiBpbnB1dCBmb3IgcGhvdG9zeW50aGVzaXMsIGFuZCB3aGljaCBoYXMgdGhlIGVsZW1lbnQgY2FyYm9uIGluIGl0Lg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBHbHVjb3NlIGlzIG9uZSBvZiB0aGUgcHJvZHVjdHMgb2YgcGhvdG9zeW50aGVzaXMsIG5vdCB0aGUgZW5lcmd5IHNvdXJjZSBvciBjYXJib24gc291cmNlLiBGb3IgdGhlIHNvdXJjZSBvZiB0aGUgY2FyYm9uIHRoYXQgZ29lcyBpbnRvIGNhcmJvaHlkcmF0ZXMsIGxvb2sgZm9yIHRoZSBjaG9pY2UgdGhhdCBpcyBib3RoIGFuIGlucHV0IGZvciBwaG90b3N5bnRoZXNpcywgYW5kIHdoaWNoIGhhcyB0aGUgZWxlbWVudCBjYXJib24gaW4gaXQu[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBPeHlnZW4gaXMgYSBieXByb2R1Y3Qgb2YgcGhvdG9zeW50aGVzaXMuIEZvciB0aGUgc291cmNlIG9mIHRoZSBjYXJib24gdGhhdCBnb2VzIGludG8gY2FyYm9oeWRyYXRlcywgbG9vayBmb3IgdGhlIGNob2ljZSB0aGF0IGlzIGJvdGggYW4gaW5wdXQgZm9yIHBob3Rvc3ludGhlc2lzLCBhbmQgd2hpY2ggaGFzIHRoZSBlbGVtZW50IGNhcmJvbiBpbiBpdC4=

Cg==

[Qq]
[q topic= “photosynthesis_overview” dataset_id=”SMV_PSN_The_Big_Picture|d23de188e5bb4″ question_number=”17″]Photosynthesis has changed our atmosphere by adding _______ to the air.

[c]IGNhcmJvbiBkaW94aWRl[Qq]

[c]IG94eW dlbg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBQaG90b3N5bnRoZXNpcyByZW1vdmVzIGNhcmJvbiBkaW94aWRlIGZyb20gdGhlIGF0bW9zcGhlcmUuIFdoYXQgZ2FzIGRvZXMgaXQgYWRkIHRvIHRoZSBhdG1vc3BoZXJlPw==[Qq]

[f]IFllcy4gUGhvdG9zeW50aGVzaXMgaXMgcmVzcG9uc2libGUgZm9yIHRoZSB1bmlxdWUsIG94eWdlbi1yaWNoIGF0bW9zcGhlcmUgb2Ygb3VyIHBsYW5ldC4=

Cg==

[Qq]
[q topic= “photosynthesis_overview” dataset_id=”SMV_PSN_The_Big_Picture|d23605e0c43b4″ question_number=”18″]A photosynthesizing plant is placed in a sealed chamber from which no air can enter or leave. The lights are kept continuously on, and the plant is provided with enough water. If the level of gases in the chamber is measured, which of the following should be true?

[c]IE94eWdlbiBsZXZlbHMgZ28gZG93biwgYW5kIGNhcmJvbiBkaW94aWRlIGxldmVscyBnbyB1cC4=[Qq]

[c]IE94eWdlbiBsZXZlbHMgZ28gdXAsIGFuZCBjYXJib24gZGlveGlkZSBsZXZlbHMgZ28gdXAu[Qq]

[c]IE94eWdlbiBsZXZlbHMgZ28gdXAsIGFuZCBjYX Jib24gZGlveGlkZSBsZXZlbHMgZ28gZG93bi4=[Qq]

[c]IE94eWdlbiBsZXZlbHMgZ28gZG93biwgYW5kIGNhcmJvbiBkaW94aWRlIGxldmVscyBnbyBkb3duLg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBQaG90b3N5bnRoZXNpcyByZW1vdmVzIGNhcmJvbiBkaW94aWRlIGZyb20gdGhlIGFpciBhbmQgYWRkcyBveHlnZW4uIEhvdyB3b3VsZCB0aGlzIGFmZmVjdCBnYXMgbGV2ZWxzIGluIHRoZSBjaGFtYmVyPw==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBZb3XigJlyZSByaWdodCBhYm91dCBveHlnZW4gbGV2ZWxzLCBidXQgcGhvdG9zeW50aGVzaXMgcmVtb3ZlcyBjYXJib24gZGlveGlkZSBmcm9tIHRoZSBhaXIuIEhvdyB3b3VsZCB0aGlzIGFmZmVjdCBnYXMgbGV2ZWxzIGluIHRoZSBjaGFtYmVyPw==[Qq]

[f]IFllcy4gUGhvdG9zeW50aGVzaXMgcmVtb3ZlcyBjYXJib24gZGlveGlkZSBmcm9tIHRoZSBhaXIgYW5kIGFkZHMgb3h5Z2VuLiBUaGF0IHdpbGwgY2F1c2UgdGhlIGNhcmJvbiBkaW94aWRlIGxldmVsIHRvIGZhbGwsIGFuZCB0aGUgb3h5Z2VuIGxldmVsIHRvIHJpc2Uu[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBZb3XigJlyZSByaWdodCBhYm91dCBjYXJib24gZGlveGlkZSwgYnV0IHBob3Rvc3ludGhlc2lzIGFkZHMgb3h5Z2VuIHRvIHRoZSBhdG1vc3BoZXJlLiBIb3cgd291bGQgdGhpcyBhZmZlY3QgZ2FzIGxldmVscyBpbiB0aGUgY2hhbWJlcj8=[Qq]

[q topic= “photosynthesis_overview” dataset_id=”SMV_PSN_The_Big_Picture|d22e4f7960fb4″ question_number=”19″]In the diagram below, which number shows a mitochondrion?

[c]IDEgwqAgwqDCoA==[Qq][c]IDIgwqAgwqDCoA==[Qq][c]ID U=

Cg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBOdW1iZXIgMSByZWZlcnMgdG8gdGhlIHN1bi4=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBOdW1iZXIgMiByZWZlcnMgdG8gYSBjaGxvcm9wbGFzdC4=[Qq]

[f]IFllcy4gTnVtYmVyIDUgc2hvd3MgYSBtaXRvY2hvbmRyaW9uLg==[Qq]

[q topic= “photosynthesis_overview” dataset_id=”SMV_PSN_The_Big_Picture|d22673d13f7b4″ question_number=”20″]In the diagram below, number 4 would have to be

[c]IG94eW dlbg==[Qq]

[c]IGNhcmJvbiBkaW94aWRl[Qq]

[c]IGdsdWNvc2U=[Qq]

[c]wqB3YXRlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFllcy4gTnVtYmVyIDQgaXMgYSBnYXMgdGhhdOKAmXMgY29taW5nIG91dCBvZiBhIGNobG9yb3BsYXN0LiBUaGUgZ2FzIHJlbGVhc2VkIGZyb20gYSBjaGxvcm9wbGFzdCB3b3VsZCBoYXZlIHRvIGJlIG94eWdlbi4=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBDYXJib24gZGlveGlkZSBnb2VzIGludG8gY2hsb3JvcGxhc3RzLiBOdW1iZXIgNCBzaG93cyBhIGdhcyBsZWF2aW5nIGEgY2hsb3JvcGxhc3QuIFdoaWNoIGdhcyBjb21lcyBvdXQgb2YgYSBjaGxvcm9wbGFzdD8=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBOdW1iZXIgNCBpcyBsYWJlbGVkIGFzIGEgZ2FzLCBhbmQgZ2x1Y29zZSBpcyBhIHNvbGlkLiBIb3dldmVyLCB5b3XigJlyZSBvbiB0aGUgcmlnaHQgdHJhY2ssIGluc29mYXIgYXMgeW914oCZcmUgbG9va2luZyBmb3Igb25lIG9mIHRoZSBvdXRwdXRzIG9mIHBob3Rvc3ludGhlc2lzLg==[Qq]

[f]Tm8uIE51bWJlciA0IGlzIGEgZ2FzIHRoYXQmIzgyMTc7cyBjb21pbmcgb3V0IG9mIGEgY2hsb3JvcGxhc3QuIFdhdGVyIGlzIGEgbGlxdWlkIHRoYXQgZ29lcyBpbnRvIGEgY2hsb3JvcGxhc3QuIFdoYXQgZ2FzIGRvZXMgYSBjaGxvcm9wbGFzdCByZWxlYXNlPw==[Qq]

[q topic= “photosynthesis_overview” dataset_id=”SMV_PSN_The_Big_Picture|d21e2866e33b4″ question_number=”21″]In the diagram below, number 6 would have to be

[c]IG94eWdlbg==[Qq]

[c]IGNhcmJvbi BkaW94aWRl[Qq]

[c]IGdsdWNvc2U=[Qq]

[c]wqB3YXRlcg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBPeHlnZW4gY29tZXMgb3V0IG9mIGEgY2hsb3JvcGxhc3QgKDIpIGFuZCBnb2VzIGludG8gdGhlIG1pdG9jaG9uZHJpb24gKDUpLiBOdW1iZXIgc2l4IGlzIGEgZ2FzIHRoYXQgaXMgYW4gaW5wdXQgb2YgcGhvdG9zeW50aGVzaXMgYW5kIG91dHB1dCBvZiByZXNwaXJhdGlvbi4gV2hhdCBzdWJzdGFuY2UgY291bGQgcGxheSB0aG9zZSB0d28gcm9sZXM/[Qq]

[f]IFllcy4gTnVtYmVyIDYgaXMgY2FyYm9uIGRpb3hpZGUsIHdoaWNoIGdvZXMgaW50byBjaGxvcm9wbGFzdHMgYXMgYW4gaW5wdXQgb2YgcGhvdG9zeW50aGVzaXMsIGFuZCBjb21lcyBvdXQgb2YgdGhlIG1pdG9jaG9uZHJpb24gYXMgYSB3YXN0ZSBwcm9kdWN0IG9mIGNlbGx1bGFyIHJlc3BpcmF0aW9uLg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBHbHVjb3NlIGlzIGEgc29saWQgdGhhdCBjb21lcyBvdXQgb2YgcGhvdG9zeW50aGVzaXMgYW5kIGdvZXMgaW50byB0aGUgbWl0b2Nob25kcmlvbiAoNSkuIE51bWJlciBzaXggaXMgYSBnYXMgdGhhdCBpcyBhbiBpbnB1dCBvZiBwaG90b3N5bnRoZXNpcyBhbmQgb3V0cHV0IG9mIHJlc3BpcmF0aW9uLiBXaGF0IHN1YnN0YW5jZSBjb3VsZCBwbGF5IHRob3NlIHR3byByb2xlcz8=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBPeHlnZW4gY29tZXMgb3V0IG9mIHRoZSBjaGxvcm9wbGFzdCAoMikgYW5kIGdvZXMgaW50byB0aGUgbWl0b2Nob25kcmlvbiAoNSkuIE51bWJlciBzaXggaXMgYSBnYXMgdGhhdCBpcyBhbiBpbnB1dCBvZiBwaG90b3N5bnRoZXNpcyBhbmQgb3V0cHV0IG9mIHJlc3BpcmF0aW9uLiBXaGF0IHN1YnN0YW5jZSBjb3VsZCBwbGF5IHRob3NlIHR3byByb2xlcz8=[Qq]

[q topic= “photosynthesis_overview” dataset_id=”SMV_PSN_The_Big_Picture|d216277e037b4″ question_number=”22″]In the diagram below, number 7 would have to be

[c]IG94eWdlbg==[Qq]

[c]IGNhcmJvbiBkaW94aWRl[Qq]

[c]IGdsdWNvc2U=[Qq]

[c]IHdh dGVy[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBPeHlnZW4gaXMgc2hvd24gYXQgNC4gSXTigJlzIGEgZ2FzIHRoYXQgY29tZXMgb3V0IG9mIGEgY2hsb3JvcGxhc3QgKDIpIGFuZCBnb2VzIGludG8gdGhlIG1pdG9jaG9uZHJpb24gKDUpLiBXaGF0IGxpcXVpZCBnb2VzIGludG8gcGhvdG9zeW50aGVzaXMgYW5kIGNvbWVzIG91dCBvZiByZXNwaXJhdGlvbj8=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBDYXJib24gZGlveGlkZSBpcyBzaG93biBhdCA2LiBXaGF0IGxpcXVpZCBnb2VzIGludG8gcGhvdG9zeW50aGVzaXMgYW5kIGNvbWVzIG91dCBvZiByZXNwaXJhdGlvbj8=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBHbHVjb3NlIGlzIGEgc29saWQgdGhhdCBjb21lcyBvdXQgb2YgcGhvdG9zeW50aGVzaXMgYW5kIGdvZXMgaW50byB0aGUgbWl0b2Nob25kcmlvbi4gSXTigJlzIHNob3duIGF0IDMuIFdoYXQgbGlxdWlkIGdvZXMgaW50byBwaG90b3N5bnRoZXNpcyBhbmQgY29tZXMgb3V0IG9mIHJlc3BpcmF0aW9uPw==[Qq]

[f]IFllcy4gV2F0ZXIgaXMgdGhlIGxpcXVpZCB0aGF0IGNvbWVzIG91dCBvZiByZXNwaXJhdGlvbiAod2hpY2ggb2NjdXJzIGluIHRoZSBtaXRvY2hvbmRyaW9uKSBhbmQgZ29lcyBpbnRvIHBob3Rvc3ludGhlc2lzICh3aGljaCBvY2N1cnMgaW4gdGhlIGNobG9yb3BsYXN0KS4=[Qq]

[q topic= “photosynthesis_overview” dataset_id=”SMV_PSN_The_Big_Picture|d20ddc13a73b4″ question_number=”23″]In the diagram below, ATP would have to be

[c]IDYgwqAgwqDCoA==[Qq][c]IDcgwqAgwqDCoA==[Qq][c]IDggwqAg wqDCoA==[Qq][c]IDMgwqAgwqDCoA==[Qq][c]IDQ=

Cg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBOdW1iZXIgNiBpcyBjYXJib24gZGlveGlkZS4gQVRQIGlzIHByb2R1Y2VkIGluIGEgbWl0b2Nob25kcmlvbiBkdXJpbmcgY2VsbHVsYXIgcmVzcGlyYXRpb24gKGFuZCBpdOKAmXMgbm90IGFuIGlucHV0IGZvciBwaG90b3N5bnRoZXNpcyk=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBOdW1iZXIgNyBpcyB3YXRlci4gQVRQIGlzIHByb2R1Y2VkIGluIGEgbWl0b2Nob25kcmlvbiBkdXJpbmcgY2VsbHVsYXIgcmVzcGlyYXRpb24gKGFuZCBpdOKAmXMgbm90IGFuIGlucHV0IGZvciBwaG90b3N5bnRoZXNpcyk=[Qq]

[f]IFllcy4gTnVtYmVyIDggaXMgQVRQLiBBVFAgaXMgcHJvZHVjZWQgaW4gYSBtaXRvY2hvbmRyaW9uIGR1cmluZyBjZWxsdWxhciByZXNwaXJhdGlvbiAoYW5kIGl04oCZcyBub3QgYW4gaW5wdXQgZm9yIHBob3Rvc3ludGhlc2lzKQ==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBXYXRlciBpcyBzaG93biBhdCA3LiBBVFAgaXMgcHJvZHVjZWQgaW4gYSBtaXRvY2hvbmRyaW9uIGR1cmluZyBjZWxsdWxhciByZXNwaXJhdGlvbiAoYW5kIGl04oCZcyBub3QgYW4gaW5wdXQgZm9yIHBob3Rvc3ludGhlc2lzKQ==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBOdW1iZXIgNCBpcyBveHlnZW4uIEFUUCBpcyBwcm9kdWNlZCBpbiBhIG1pdG9jaG9uZHJpb24gZHVyaW5nIGNlbGx1bGFyIHJlc3BpcmF0aW9uIChhbmQgaXTigJlzIG5vdCBhbiBpbnB1dCBmb3IgcGhvdG9zeW50aGVzaXMp[Qq]

[q topic= “photosynthesis_overview” dataset_id=”SMV_PSN_The_Big_Picture|d205b5ea093b4″ question_number=”24″]In the diagram below, number 3 would have to be

[c]IG94eWdlbg==[Qq]

[c]IGNhcmJvbiBkaW94aWRl[Qq]

[c]IGdsdW Nvc2U=[Qq]

[c]IHdhdGVy[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBPeHlnZW4gaXMgc2hvd24gYXQgNC4gSXTigJlzIHRoZSBnYXMgdGhhdCBjb21lcyBvdXQgb2YgYSBjaGxvcm9wbGFzdCAoMikgYW5kIGdvZXMgaW50byB0aGUgbWl0b2Nob25kcmlvbiAoNSkuIE51bWJlciAzIGlzIGEgc29saWQgdGhhdCBjb21lcyBvdXQgb2YgcGhvdG9zeW50aGVzaXMgYW5kIGdvZXMgaW50byByZXNwaXJhdGlvbi4gV2hhdCBzdWJzdGFuY2UgY291bGQgcGxheSB0aG9zZSB0d28gcm9sZXM/[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBDYXJib24gZGlveGlkZSBpcyBzaG93biBhdCA2LiBOdW1iZXIgMyBpcyBhIHNvbGlkIHRoYXQgY29tZXMgb3V0IG9mIHBob3Rvc3ludGhlc2lzIGFuZCBnb2VzIGludG8gcmVzcGlyYXRpb24uIFdoYXQgc3Vic3RhbmNlIGNvdWxkIHBsYXkgdGhvc2UgdHdvIHJvbGVzPw==[Qq]

[f]IFllcy4gR2x1Y29zZSBpcyBzaG93biBhdCAzLiBJdOKAmXMgdGhlIGRpc3NvbHZlZCBzb2xpZCB0aGF0IGNvbWVzIG91dCBvZiBwaG90b3N5bnRoZXNpcyBhbmQgZ29lcyBpbnRvIHRoZSBtaXRvY2hvbmRyaW9uIGZvciBjZWxsdWxhciByZXNwaXJhdGlvbi4=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBXYXRlciBpcyBzaG93biBhdCA3LiBOdW1iZXIgMyBpcyBhIHNvbGlkIHRoYXQgY29tZXMgb3V0IG9mIHBob3Rvc3ludGhlc2lzIGFuZCBnb2VzIGludG8gcmVzcGlyYXRpb24uIFdoYXQgc3Vic3RhbmNlIGNvdWxkIHBsYXkgdGhvc2UgdHdvIHJvbGVzPw==[Qq]

[q topic= “photosynthesis_overview” dataset_id=”SMV_PSN_The_Big_Picture|d1faf1330abb4″ question_number=”25″]In the diagram below, number 4 would have to be

[c]IG94eW dlbg==[Qq]

[c]IGNhcmJvbiBkaW94aWRl[Qq]

[c]IGdsdWNvc2U=[Qq]

[c]IHdhdGVy[Qq]

[f]IFllcy4gT3h5Z2VuIGlzIHNob3duIGF0IDQuIEl04oCZcyB0aGUgZ2FzIHRoYXQgY29tZXMgb3V0IG9mIGEgY2hsb3JvcGxhc3QgKDIpIGFuZCBnb2VzIGludG8gdGhlIG1pdG9jaG9uZHJpb24gKDUpLg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBDYXJib24gZGlveGlkZSBpcyBzaG93biBhdCA2LiBOdW1iZXIgNCBpcyBhIGdhcyB0aGF0IGlzIHJlbGVhc2VkIGJ5IGEgY2hsb3JvcGxhc3QsIGFuZCB3aGljaCBnb2VzIGludG8gdGhlIG1pdG9jaG9uZHJpb24uIFdoYXQgc3Vic3RhbmNlIGNvdWxkIHBsYXkgdGhvc2UgdHdvIHJvbGVzPw==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBHbHVjb3NlIGlzIHNob3duIGF0IDMuIEl04oCZcyB0aGUgZW5lcmd5LXJpY2ggc29saWQgdGhhdCBjb21lcyBvdXQgb2YgcGhvdG9zeW50aGVzaXMgYW5kIGdvZXMgaW50byB0aGUgbWl0b2Nob25kcmlvbiBmb3IgY2VsbHVsYXIgcmVzcGlyYXRpb24uIE51bWJlciA0IGlzIGEgZ2FzIHRoYXQgaXMgcmVsZWFzZWQgYnkgYSBjaGxvcm9wbGFzdCwgYW5kIHdoaWNoIGdvZXMgaW50byB0aGUgbWl0b2Nob25kcmlvbi4gV2hhdCBzdWJzdGFuY2UgY291bGQgcGxheSB0aG9zZSB0d28gcm9sZXM/[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBXYXRlciBpcyBzaG93biBhdCA3LiBOdW1iZXIgNCBpcyBhIGdhcyB0aGF0IGlzIHJlbGVhc2VkIGJ5IGEgY2hsb3JvcGxhc3QsIGFuZCB3aGljaCBnb2VzIGludG8gdGhlIG1pdG9jaG9uZHJpb24uIFdoYXQgc3Vic3RhbmNlIGNvdWxkIHBsYXkgdGhvc2UgdHdvIHJvbGVzPw==[Qq]

[q]In terms of energy, photosynthesis is [hangman]. Cellular respiration, by contrast, is [hangman].

[c]ZW5kZXJnb25pYw==[Qq]

[c]ZXhlcmdvbmlj[Qq]

[x][restart]

[/qwiz]

4.2. Chloroplasts and the Two Phases of Photosynthesis

[qwiz random = “true”]

[h]The Two Phases of Photosynthesis

[i]

[q question_number=”1″ dataset_id=”SMV_PSN_Two_Phases_of_PSN|71727174b15e4″] The first organisms to perform photosynthesis were

[c]IGFsZ2FlLCBsaWtlIG1vZGVybiBzZWF3ZWVkcy4=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBBbGdhZSBhcmUgZXVrYXJ5b3Rlcy4gUHJva2FyeW90aWMgcGhvdG9zeW50aGVzaXplcnMgcHJlY2VkZWQgdGhlbSBieSB0d28gYmlsbGlvbiB5ZWFycy4gSW4gdGhlIGxpc3QgYWJvdmUsIHdoYXQgdGVybSBpbmRpY2F0ZXMgJiM4MjIwO3Byb2thcnlvdGljPyYjODIyMTs=[Qq]

[c]IGN5YW5vYm FjdGVyaWEu[Qq]

[f]IEV4Y2VsbGVudC4gQ3lhbm9iYWN0ZXJpYSwgYWxzbyBrbm93biBhcyBibHVlLWdyZWVuIGJhY3RlcmlhLCBhcmUgcGhvdG9zeW50aGVzaXppbmcgYmFjdGVyaWEsIGFuZCB0aGVpciBtb3JwaG9sb2dpY2FsbHkgc2ltaWxhciBhbmNlc3RvcnMgYXJlIHRob3VnaHQgdG8gYmUgdGhlIGZpcnN0IHBob3Rvc3ludGhlc2l6aW5nIG9yZ2FuaXNtcy4=[Qq]

[c]IHNpbXBsZSBwbGFudHMsIGxpa2UgbW9zc2VzIGFuZCBmZXJucy4=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBMYW5kIHBsYW50cywgZXZlbiBtb3NzZXMgYW5kIGZlcm5zLCBoYXZlIG9ubHkgYmVlbiBhcm91bmQgZm9yIGFib3V0IDQwMCBtaWxsaW9uIHllYXJzLiBUaGV5IHdlcmUgcHJlY2VkZWQgYnkgcGhvdG9zeW50aGV0aWMgcHJva2FyeW90ZXMgYnkgdGhyZWUgYmlsbGlvbiB5ZWFycy4gSW4gdGhlIGxpc3QgYWJvdmUsIHdoYXQgdGVybSBpbmRpY2F0ZXMgJiM4MjIwO3Byb2thcnlvdGljPyYjODIyMTs=

Cg==

[Qq]

[q dataset_id=”SMV_PSN_Two_Phases_of_PSN|71692145215e4″ question_number=”3″] In the diagram below, which number shows the organelle that’s performing photosynthesis?

[textentry single_char=”true”]

[c]ID M=[Qq]

[f]IFRlcnJpZmljLiAmIzgyMjA7MyYjODIyMTsgaW5kaWNhdGVzIHRoZSBjaGxvcm9wbGFzdHMsIHRoZSBvcmdhbmVsbGVzIHRoYXQgYXJlIHBlcmZvcm1pbmcgcGhvdG9zeW50aGVzaXMu[Qq]

[c]ICo=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBIZXJlJiM4MjE3O3MgYSBoaW50LiBZb3UmIzgyMTc7cmUgbG9va2luZyBmb3IgYW4gb3JnYW5lbGxlOiBzb21ldGhpbmcgaW5zaWRlIGEgY2VsbC4=[Qq]

[q multiple_choice=”true” dataset_id=”SMV_PSN_Two_Phases_of_PSN|715b4e3e879e4″ question_number=”6″] The similarities between cyanobacteria and chloroplasts is evidence that chloroplasts arose through

[c]IG9zbW9zaXMu[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBPc21vc2lzIGlzIHRoZSBkaWZmdXNpb24gb2Ygd2F0ZXImIzgyMzA7bm90IGEgbGlrZWx5IG1lY2hhbmlzbSBmb3IgdGhlIG9yaWdpbiBvZiBjaGxvcm9wbGFzdHMuIEhlcmUmIzgyMTc7cyBhIGhpbnQ6IGNobG9yb3BsYXN0cyBhcmUgaW5zaWRlIHBsYW50IGNlbGxzLiBXaGF0IHByZWZpeCBkbyB3ZSB1c2UgZm9yIHByb2Nlc3NlcyB3aGVyZSBzb21ldGhpbmcgZ29lcyA=aW50bw==IHNvbWV0aGluZyBlbHNlPw==[Qq]

[c]IGV4b2N5dG9zaXM=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBFeG9jeXRvc2lzIG1lYW5zICYjODIyMDtvdXQgb2YgdGhlIGNlbGwsJiM4MjIxOyBhbmQgaXQmIzgyMTc7cyB0aGUgbmFtZSBmb3IgdGhlIHByb2Nlc3MgZHVyaW5nIHdoaWNoIGNlbGxzIHVzZSB2ZXNpY2xlcyB0byBtb3ZlIG1hdGVyaWFscyBmcm9tIHRoZWlyIGN5dG9wbGFzbSB0byBvdXRzaWRlIHRoZWlyIG1lbWJyYW5lLiBIZXJlJiM4MjE3O3MgYSBoaW50OiBjaGxvcm9wbGFzdHMgYXJlIA==aW5zaWRlIHBsYW50IGNlbGxzLiBXaGF0IHByZWZpeCBkbyB3ZSB1c2UgZm9yIHByb2Nlc3NlcyB3aGVyZSBzb21ldGhpbmcgZ29lcyA=aW50bw==IHNvbWV0aGluZyBlbHNlPw==[Qq]

[c]IGVuZG9zeW 1iaW9zaXM=[Qq]

[f]IEV4Y2VsbGVudCEgQ2hsb3JvcGxhc3RzIGFyZSBtdXR1YWxpc3RpYyBzeW1iaW9udHMgbGl2aW5nIGluc2lkZSBwbGFudCAoYW5kIGFsZ2FsKSBjZWxscy4gVGhhdCBtYWtlcyB0aGVtIGVuZG9zeW1iaW9udHMuIFRoZSBwcm9jZXNzIHdoaWNoIGdhdmUgcmlzZSB0byB0aGlzIHBhcnRuZXJzaGlwIGlzIGNhbGxlZCAmIzgyMjA7ZW5kb3N5bWJpb3Npcy4mIzgyMjE7

Cg==

[Qq]

[q dataset_id=”SMV_PSN_Two_Phases_of_PSN|7156cb677dde4″ question_number=”7″] The light reactions occur in which part?

[textentry single_char=”true”]

[c]NQ ==[Qq]

[f]QXdlc29tZSEgJiM4MjIwOzUmIzgyMjE7IHNob3dzIHRoZSB0aHlsYWtvaWQgc2Fjcywgd2hpY2ggaXMgd2hlcmUgdGhlIGxpZ2h0IHJlYWN0aW9ucyBvY2N1ci4=[Qq]

[c]ICo=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBIZXJlJiM4MjE3O3MgYSBoaW50LiBMaWtlIHRoZSBlbGVjdHJvbiB0cmFuc3BvcnQgY2hhaW4gb2Ygb3hpZGF0aXZlIHBob3NwaG9yeWxhdGlvbiAodGhlIGxhc3QgcGhhc2Ugb2YgY2VsbHVsYXIgcmVzcGlyYXRpb24pLCB0aGUgbGlnaHQgcmVhY3Rpb25zIHJlcXVpcmUgYSBsb3Qgb2YgbWVtYnJhbmUgc3VyZmFjZSBhcmVhIHRvIHByb2NlZWQuIFdoYXQgcGFydCBvZiB0aGUgY2hsb3JvcGxhc3QgbWlnaHQgcHJvdmlkZSB0aGlzIHN1cmZhY2UgYXJlYT8=

Cg==

[Qq]

[q dataset_id=”SMV_PSN_Two_Phases_of_PSN|7152234fb5de4″ question_number=”8″] The Calvin Cycle occurs in which part of the chloroplast?

[textentry single_char=”true”]

[c]Ng ==[Qq]

[f]QXdlc29tZSEgJiM4MjIwOzYmIzgyMjE7IHNob3dzIHRoZSBzdHJvbWEsIHdoaWNoIGlzIHdoZXJlIHRoZSBDYWx2aW4gQ3ljbGUgb2NjdXJzLg==[Qq]

[c]ICo=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBIZXJlJiM4MjE3O3MgYSBoaW50LiBUaGUgQ2FsdmluIEN5Y2xlIG9jY3VycyBpbiB0aGUgZXF1aXZhbGVudCBvZiB0aGUgY3l0b3BsYXNtIG9mIHRoZSBjaGxvcm9wbGFzdC4gV2hpY2ggcGFydCBpcyBtb3N0IGFraW4gdG8gdGhlIGN5dG9wbGFzbT8=

Cg==

[Qq]

[q dataset_id=”SMV_PSN_Two_Phases_of_PSN|714d7b37edde4″ question_number=”9″]One of the strongest pieces of evidence for the endosymbiotic origins of chloroplasts is the fact that they have DNA, which is shown at

[textentry single_char=”true”]

[c]Mw ==[Qq]

[f]QXdlc29tZSEgJiM4MjIwOzMmIzgyMjE7IHNob3dzIHRoZSBjaGxvcm9wbGFzdCYjODIxNztzIGNpcmN1bGFyLCBiYWN0ZXJpYS1saWtlIGNocm9tb3NvbWUuIFRoZSBleGlzdGVuY2Ugb2YgdGhpcyBjaHJvbW9zb21lIGlzIG9uZSBwaWVjZSBvZiBldmlkZW5jZSBmb3IgdGhlIGlkZWEgb2YgZW5kb3N5bWJpb3NpczogdGhhdCBjaGxvcm9wbGFzdHMgd2VyZSBvbmNlIGZyZWUtbGl2aW5nLCBpbmRlcGVuZGVudCBvcmdhbmlzbXMgdGhhdCBhdCBvbmUgcG9pbnQsIHRvb2sgdXAgcmVzaWRlbmNlIHdpdGhpbiBhbm90aGVyIGNlbGwu[Qq]

[c]ICo=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBIZXJlJiM4MjE3O3MgYSBoaW50LiBETkEgaXMgYSBsb25nIHNraW5ueSBtb2xlY3VsZS4gSW4gYmFjdGVyaWEsIHRoZSBETkHCoCBpcyBvcmdhbml6ZWQgaW50byBhIGJpZyBsb29wZWQgY2hyb21vc29tZS4gV2hpY2ggcGFydCBvZiB0aGUgZGlhZ3JhbSBpcyB0aGUgb25seSB0aGluZyB0aGF0IGNvdWxkIGZpdCB0aGF0IGRlc2NyaXB0aW9uPw==

Cg==

[Qq]

[q dataset_id=”SMV_PSN_Two_Phases_of_PSN|7148f860e41e4″ question_number=”10″]If number 4 represents ATP, then which number would represent NADP⁺?

[textentry single_char=”true”]

[c]OA ==[Qq]

[f]QXdlc29tZSEgJiM4MjIwOzgmIzgyMjE7IGlzIE5BRFA=^Kw==LCB3aGljaCBnZXRzIHJlZHVjZWQgdG8gTkFEUEg=[Qq]

[c]ICo=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBIZXJlJiM4MjE3O3MgYSBoaW50LiBJZiAmIzgyMjA7NCYjODIyMTsgaXMgQVRQLCB0aGVuIDkgYW5kIDEwIHdvdWxkIGJlIEFEUCBhbmQgUC4gQmVzaWRlcyB3YXRlciwgd2hhdCYjODIxNztzIHRoZSBvdGhlciBpbnB1dCBmb3IgdGhlIGxpZ2h0IHJlYWN0aW9ucz8=

Cg==

[Qq]

[q dataset_id=”SMV_PSN_Two_Phases_of_PSN|71447589da5e4″ question_number=”11″]What letter or number represents the stroma?

[textentry single_char=”true”]

[c]Yg ==[Qq]

[f]QXdlc29tZSEgTGV0dGVyICYjODIyMDtiJiM4MjIxOyByZXByZXNlbnRzIHRoZSBzdHJvbWEu[Qq]

[c]ICo=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBIZXJlJiM4MjE3O3MgYSBoaW50LiBJZiBhIGNobG9yb3BsYXN0IGhhZCBjeXRvcGxhc20sIHRoaXMgd291bGQgYmUgaXQu

Cg==

[Qq]

[q dataset_id=”SMV_PSN_Two_Phases_of_PSN|713fcd72125e4″ question_number=”12″]If 9 is ADP, then what letter or number represents the reduced molecule that’s an output of the light reactions and an input for the Calvin cycle?

[textentry single_char=”true”]

[c]NQ ==[Qq]

[f]QXdlc29tZSEgTGV0dGVyICYjODIyMDs1JiM4MjIxOyByZXByZXNlbnRzIE5BRFBILCBhIGNoZW1pY2FsbHkgcmVkdWNlZCBvdXRwdXQgb2YgdGhlIGxpZ2h0IHJlYWN0aW9ucyBhbmQgYW4gaW5wdXQgZm9yIHRoZSBDYWx2aW4gY3ljbGUu[Qq]

[c]ICo=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBIZXJlJiM4MjE3O3MgYSBoaW50LiBFbGVjdHJvbnMgYW5kIGh5ZHJvZ2VuIGZsb3cgZnJvbSB3YXRlciB0byB0aGlzIG1vbGVjdWxlLCB3aGljaCBoYXMgYW4gJiM4MjIwO0gmIzgyMjE7IHRoYXQgaXRzIG94aWRpemVkIGNvdW50ZXJwYXJ0IGxhY2tzLg==

Cg==

[Qq]

[q dataset_id=”SMV_PSN_Two_Phases_of_PSN|713b255a4a5e4″ question_number=”13″]Which number or letter represents water?

[textentry single_char=”true”]

[c]Mg ==[Qq]

[f]VGVycmlmaWMhIExldHRlciAmIzgyMjA7MiYjODIyMTsgcmVwcmVzZW50cyB3YXRlciwgd2hpY2ggcHJvdmlkZXMgdGhlIGVsZWN0cm9ucyAoYW5kIGh5ZHJvZ2VucykgZm9yIHRoZSByZWR1Y3Rpb25zIHRoYXQgYXJlIGEga2V5IHBhcnQgb2YgcGhvdG9zeW50aGVzaXM=[Qq]

[c]ICo=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBIZXJlJiM4MjE3O3MgYSBoaW50LiBJdCYjODIxNztzIG9uZSBvZiB0aGUgaW5wdXRzIGZvciB0aGUgbGlnaHQgcmVhY3Rpb25zLiBBbHNvLCB0aGluayBhYm91dCBjb2xvciYjODIzMDs=

Cg==

[Qq]

[q dataset_id=”SMV_PSN_Two_Phases_of_PSN|71367d42825e4″ question_number=”14″]Which number or letter represents oxygen?

[textentry single_char=”true”]

[c]Mw ==[Qq]

[f]VGVycmlmaWMhIExldHRlciAmIzgyMjA7MyYjODIyMTsgcmVwcmVzZW50cyBveHlnZW4sIHdoaWNoIGlzIHdoYXQmIzgyMTc7cyBsZWZ0IG9mIHdhdGVyICgmIzgyMjA7MiYjODIyMTspIGFmdGVyIGl0cyBlbGVjdHJvbnMgYW5kIHByb3RvbnMgYXJlIHN0cmlwcGVkIGF3YXku[Qq]

[c]ICo=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBIZXJlJiM4MjE3O3MgYSBoaW50LiBJdCYjODIxNztzIG9uZSBvZiB0aGUgb3V0cHV0cyBmb3IgdGhlIGxpZ2h0IHJlYWN0aW9ucyYjODIzMDthbmQgcGhvdG9zeW50aGVzaXMgYXMgYSB3aG9sZS4=

Cg==

[Qq]

[q dataset_id=”SMV_PSN_Two_Phases_of_PSN|71314027c15e4″ question_number=”15″]Which number or letter represents carbon dioxide?

[textentry single_char=”true”]

[c]Ng ==[Qq]

[f]VGVycmlmaWMhIExldHRlciAmIzgyMjA7NiYjODIyMTsgcmVwcmVzZW50cyBjYXJib24gZGlveGlkZSwgd2hpY2ggZ2V0cyByZWR1Y2VkIHRvIGNhcmJvaHlkcmF0ZXMgaW4gdGhlIENhbHZpbiBjeWNsZS4=[Qq]

[c]ICo=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBIZXJlJiM4MjE3O3MgYSBoaW50LiBJdCYjODIxNztzIG9uZSBvZiB0aGUgaW5wdXRzIGZvciB0aGUgQ2FsdmluIGN5Y2xlJiM4MjMwO2FuZCBmb3IgcGhvdG9zeW50aGVzaXMgYXMgYSB3aG9sZSAobWVhbmluZyB0aGF0IGl0IGNvbWVzIGZyb20gb3V0c2lkZSB0aGUgY2hsb3JvcGxhc3QpLg==

Cg==

[Qq]

[q dataset_id=”SMV_PSN_Two_Phases_of_PSN|712afe47cc9e4″ question_number=”16″]During photosynthesis, carbon dioxide gets reduced. What number or letter represents what carbon dioxide gets reduced into?

[textentry single_char=”true”]

[c]Nw ==[Qq]

[f]VGVycmlmaWMhIExldHRlciAmIzgyMjA7NyYjODIyMTsgcmVwcmVzZW50cyBjYXJib2h5ZHJhdGVzLiBUaGUgbW9zdCBpbW1lZGlhdGUgcHJvZHVjdCBpcyB0aGUgcmVkdWNlZCwgMyBjYXJib24gc3VnYXIgRzNQLCB3aGljaCBhIHBsYW50IGNlbGwgY2FuIG1ha2UgaW50byBnbHVjb3NlIG9yIGFueSBvdGhlciBtb2xlY3VsZSBpdCBuZWVkcy4=[Qq]

[c]ICo=[Qq]

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[x]

[restart]

[/qwiz]

4.3. Photosynthesis: Light and Pigments

[qwiz random = “true” ]

[h]Photosynthesis: Light and Pigments

[i]

[q multiple_choice=”true” dataset_id=”SMV_PSN_light_and_pigments|704d139a795e4″ question_number=”1″] Light energy directly drives the transformation of

[c]IE5BRFBIIGludG8gTkFEUA==^Kw==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBOQURQSCBpbnRvIE5BRFA=^Kw==IGlzIG94aWRhdGlvbiwgYW5kIGl0IGxvd2VycyBmcmVlIGVuZXJneS4gTGlnaHQgZW5lcmd5IGlzIHVzZWQgdG8gaW5jcmVhc2UgZnJlZSBlbmVyZ3kuIE5leHQgdGltZSwgbWFrZSBhbm90aGVyIGNob2ljZS4=[Qq]

[c]IE5BRFA=^Kw==IGludG8gTkFEUEg=[Qq]

[f]IFlvdSYjODIxNztyZSBwYXJ0aWFsbHkgY29ycmVjdCwgYnV0IHRoZXJlJiM4MjE3O3MgYSBiZXR0ZXIgYW5zd2VyICh0aGVyZSYjODIxNztzIHNvbWV0aGluZyBlbHNlIHRoYXQgbGlnaHQgZW5lcmd5IGRvZXMu[Qq]

[c]IEFUUCBpbnRvIEFEUCBhbmQgcGhvc3BoYXRl[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBUaGF0JiM4MjE3O3MgYW4gZXhlcmdvbmljIHJlYWN0aW9uIHRoYXQgZG9lc24mIzgyMTc7dCBuZWVkIGFueSBkcml2ZXIuIExvb2sgZm9yIGVuZGVyZ29uaWMgcmVhY3Rpb25z[Qq]

[c]IEFEUCBhbmQgUCBpbnRvIEFUUA==[Qq]

[f]IFlvdSYjODIxNztyZSBvbiB0aGUgcmlnaHQgdHJhY2ssIGJ1dCB0aGVyZSYjODIxNztzIGEgYmV0dGVyIGFuc3dlci4gRmluZCBpdA==[Qq]

[c]IEFEUCBhbmQgUCBpbnRv IEFUUDsgYW5kwqBOQURQ^Kw==IGludG8gTkFEUEg=[Qq]

[f]IEV4Y2VsbGVudC4gVGhvc2UgYXJlIHRoZSB0d28gZGlyZWN0IHByb2R1Y3RzIG9mIHRoZSBsaWdodCByZWFjdGlvbnMu[Qq]

[q dataset_id=”SMV_PSN_light_and_pigments|702fd3c5191e4″ question_number=”9″] Substances that absorb or reflect electromagnetic radiation (including light) are called [hangman]

[c]IHBpZ21lbnRz[Qq]

[f]IEdvb2Qh[Qq]

[q dataset_id=”SMV_PSN_light_and_pigments|702c307284de4″ question_number=”10″] The key pigment in photosynthesis is[hangman].

[c]IGNobG9yb3BoeWxs[Qq]

[f]IEV4Y2VsbGVudCE=[Qq]

[q dataset_id=”SMV_PSN_light_and_pigments|7028429e741e4″ question_number=”11″] The part that anchors chlorophyll in the thylakoid membrane is

[textentry single_char=”true”]

[c]ID E=[Qq]

[f]IEV4Y2VsbGVudC4gJiM4MjIwOzEmIzgyMjE7IGlzIGEgaHlkcm9jYXJib24gdGFpbCwgd2hpY2ggYW5jaG9ycyBjaGxvcm9waHlsbCBpbiB0aGUgdGh5bGFrb2lkIG1lbWJyYW5lLg==[Qq]

[c]ICo=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBUaGluayBhYm91dCBob3cgbWVtYnJhbmVzIGFyZSBtYWRlIG9mIHBob3NwaG9saXBpZHMsIHdoaWNoIGluY2x1ZGUgbG9uZyBoeWRyb2NhcmJvbiBjaGFpbnMuIFdoYXQgcGFydCBvZiBhIGNobG9yb3BoeWxsIG1vbGVjdWxlIGlzIGxpa2UgYSBsb25nIGh5ZHJvY2FyYm9uIGNoYWluPw==

Cg==

[Qq]

[q dataset_id=”SMV_PSN_light_and_pigments|701b999dcc5e4″ question_number=”14″] In the diagram below, the letter indicating the lowest absorption is

[textentry single_char=”true”]

[c]IG I=[Qq]

[f]IEV4Y2VsbGVudC4gTGV0dGVyICYjODIyMDtiJiM4MjIxOyBzaG93cyB0aGUgbG93ZXN0IGxldmVsIG9mIGFic29yYmFuY2UsIHdoaWNoIGZvciB0aGlzIG1vbGVjdWxlIChjaGxvcm9waHlsbCBhKSBpcyBpbiB0aGUgeWVsbG93LWdyZWVuIHBhcnQgb2YgdGhlIHNwZWN0cnVtLg==[Qq]

[c]ICo=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBZb3UgY2FuIGhhbmRsZSB0aGlzIHF1ZXN0aW9uIGJ5IHJlbWVtYmVyaW5nIHRoYXQgeWVsbG93L2dyZWVuIGxpZ2h0IGlzIHRoZSBsaWdodCB3YXZlbGVuZ3RoIGxlYXN0IGFic29yYmVkIGJ5IGNobG9yb3BoeWxsLiBPciwganVzdCB0YWtlIGEgZ29vZCBsb29rIGF0IHRoZSBncmFwaCwgYW5kIG5vdGUgdGhlIGxvd2VzdCBsZXZlbCBvZiBhYnNvcmJhbmNlLg==[Qq]

[q multiple_choice=”true” dataset_id=”SMV_PSN_light_and_pigments|701373742e5e4″ question_number=”15″] Students set up an experiment in which they shine blue, green, and red light on disks of spinach leaves, and determine the amount of photosynthetic activity by measuring oxygen the disks produce. Which of the colors below will generate the least photosynthetic activity

[c]IGJsdWU=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBOZXh0IHRpbWUsIHRoaW5rIGFib3V0IHRoZSBhY3Rpb24gc3BlY3RydW0gZm9yIHBob3Rvc3ludGhlc2lzIGFuZCBjaG9vc2UgYSBkaWZmZXJlbnQgY29sb3Iu[Qq]

[c]IGdy ZWVu[Qq]

[f]IFllcy4gSWYgeW91IHRoaW5rIG9mIHRoZSBhY3Rpb24gc3BlY3RydW0gZm9yIHBob3Rvc3ludGhlc2lzLCBncmVlbiBpcyB0aGUgY29sb3Igb2YgbGlnaHQgdGhhdCBkcml2ZXMgdGhlIGxlYXN0IGFtb3VudCBvZiBwaG90b3N5bnRoZXRpYyBhY3Rpdml0eS4=[Qq]

[c]IHJlZA==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBOZXh0IHRpbWUsIHRoaW5rIGFib3V0IHRoZSBhY3Rpb24gc3BlY3RydW0gZm9yIHBob3Rvc3ludGhlc2lzIGFuZCBjaG9vc2UgYSBkaWZmZXJlbnQgY29sb3Iu[Qq]

[q] What is the action spectrum of photosynthesis?
[c]IEEgZ3JhcGggc2hvd2luZyBob3cgZWZmZWN0aXZlbHkgZGlmZmVyZW50IH dhdmVsZW5ndGhzIG9mIGxpZ2h0IGRyaXZlIHBob3Rvc3ludGhlc2lzLg==[Qq]
[f]IEV4Y2VsbGVudCEgVGhlIGFjdGlvbiBzcGVjdHJ1bSBzaG93cyB3aGljaCB3YXZlbGVuZ3RocyBhcmUgbW9zdCBlZmZlY3RpdmUgaW4gcG93ZXJpbmcgcGhvdG9zeW50aGVzaXMu[Qq]
[c]IEEgZ3JhcGggc2hvd2luZyB0aGUgYW1vdW50IG9mIGxpZ2h0IGFic29yYmVkIGF0IGVhY2ggd2F2ZWxlbmd0aCBieSBjaGxvcm9waHlsbC4=[Qq]
[f]IFRoaXMgZGVzY3JpYmVzIGFuIGFic29ycHRpb24gc3BlY3RydW0sIG5vdCBhbiBhY3Rpb24gc3BlY3RydW0uIFRoaW5rIGFib3V0IHdoYXQgdGhlIGFjdGlvbiBzcGVjdHJ1bSBtZWFzdXJlcy4=[Qq]
[c]IEEgZGlhZ3JhbSBzaG93aW5nIHRoZSBzdGVwcyBpbiBwaG90b3N5bnRoZXNpcy4=[Qq]
[f]IFRoZSBhY3Rpb24gc3BlY3RydW0gbWVhc3VyZXMgaG93IGVmZmVjdGl2ZWx5IGRpZmZlcmVudCB3YXZlbGVuZ3RocyBvZiBsaWdodCBkcml2ZSBwaG90b3N5bnRoZXNpcywgbm90IHRoZSBzdGVwcyBvZiB0aGUgcHJvY2Vzcy4=

Cg==[Qq]

[q] What is the absorption spectrum of chlorophyll?
[c]IEEgZGlhZ3JhbSBzaG93aW5nIHRoZSBzdHJ1Y3R1cmUgb2YgY2hsb3JvcGh5bGwu[Qq]
[f]IFRoZSBhYnNvcnB0aW9uIHNwZWN0cnVtIGZvY3VzZXMgb24gbGlnaHQgYWJzb3JwdGlvbiwgbm90IG1vbGVjdWxhciBzdHJ1Y3R1cmUuIFRyeSBhZ2FpbiE=[Qq]
[c]IEEgZ3JhcGggc2hvd2luZyB0aGUgYW1vdW50IG9mIGxpZ2h0IGFic29yYm VkIGF0IGRpZmZlcmVudCB3YXZlbGVuZ3RocyBieSBjaGxvcm9waHlsbC4=[Qq]
[f]IFdheSB0byBnbyEgVGhlIGFic29ycHRpb24gc3BlY3RydW0gc2hvd3MgaG93IG11Y2ggbGlnaHQgaXMgYWJzb3JiZWQgYnkgY2hsb3JvcGh5bGwgYXQgZGlmZmVyZW50IHdhdmVsZW5ndGhzLg==[Qq]
[c]IEEgZ3JhcGggc2hvd2luZyBob3cgZWZmZWN0aXZlbHkgZGlmZmVyZW50IHdhdmVsZW5ndGhzIG9mIGxpZ2h0IGRyaXZlIHBob3Rvc3ludGhlc2lzLg==[Qq]
[f]IFRoaXMgZGVzY3JpYmVzIHRoZSBhY3Rpb24gc3BlY3RydW0sIG5vdCB0aGUgYWJzb3JwdGlvbiBzcGVjdHJ1bS4gVGhpbmsgYWJvdXQgd2hhdCB0aGUgYWJzb3JwdGlvbiBzcGVjdHJ1bSBtZWFzdXJlcy4=

Cg==[Qq]

[q] How are the action spectrum and absorption spectrum of photosynthesis different?
[c]IFRoZSBhYnNvcnB0aW9uIHNwZWN0cnVtIG1lYXN1cmVzIG94eWdlbiBwcm9kdWN0aW9uLCB3aGlsZSB0aGUgYWN0aW9uIHNwZWN0cnVtIG1lYXN1cmVzIGxpZ2h0IGFic29ycHRpb24u[Qq]
[f]IFRoZSBhYnNvcnB0aW9uIHNwZWN0cnVtIG1lYXN1cmVzIGxpZ2h0IGFic29ycHRpb24sIG5vdCBveHlnZW4gcHJvZHVjdGlvbi4gVHJ5IGFnYWluIQ==[Qq]
[c]IFRoZSBhY3Rpb24gc3BlY3RydW0gbWVhc3VyZXMgbGlnaHQgYWJzb3JwdGlvbiwgd2hpbGUgdGhlIGFic29ycHRpb24gc3BlY3RydW0gbWVhc3VyZXMgdGhlIHBob3Rvc3ludGhlc2lzIHJhdGUu[Qq]
[f]IFRoZSBhY3Rpb24gc3BlY3RydW0gbWVhc3VyZXMgdGhlIGVmZmVjdGl2ZW5lc3Mgb2YgbGlnaHQgd2F2ZWxlbmd0aHMsIG5vdCBsaWdodCBhYnNvcnB0aW9uLiBUaGluayBhYm91dCB0aGVpciBkaXN0aW5jdCByb2xlcy4=[Qq]
[c]IFRoZSBhYnNvcnB0aW9uIHNwZWN0cnVtIG1lYXN1cmVzIGxpZ2h0IGFic29ycHRpb24gYXQgZGlmZmVyZW50IHdhdmVsZW5ndGhzLCB3aGlsZSB0 aGUgYWN0aW9uIHNwZWN0cnVtIG1lYXN1cmVzIGhvdyBlZmZlY3RpdmVseSB0aG9zZSB3YXZlbGVuZ3RocyBkcml2ZSBwaG90b3N5bnRoZXNpcy4=[Qq]
[f]IEdvb2Qgd29yayEgVGhlIGFic29ycHRpb24gc3BlY3RydW0gZm9jdXNlcyBvbiBsaWdodCBhYnNvcnB0aW9uLCB3aGlsZSB0aGUgYWN0aW9uIHNwZWN0cnVtIHNob3dzIHRoZSBlZmZlY3RpdmVuZXNzIG9mIHRob3NlIHdhdmVsZW5ndGhzIGluIGRyaXZpbmcgcGhvdG9zeW50aGVzaXMu

Cg==[Qq]

[q] Why do chlorophyll and other pigments appear green?
[c]IEJlY2F1c2UgdGhleSBhYnNvcmIgYmx1ZSBhbmQgcmVkIHdhdmVs ZW5ndGhzIGFuZCByZWZsZWN0IGdyZWVuIHdhdmVsZW5ndGhzLg==[Qq]
[f]IENvcnJlY3QhIFRoZSByZWZsZWN0aW9uIG9mIGdyZWVuIHdhdmVsZW5ndGhzIG1ha2VzIGNobG9yb3BoeWxsIGFwcGVhciBncmVlbi4=[Qq]
[c]IEJlY2F1c2UgZ3JlZW4gd2F2ZWxlbmd0aHMgZHJpdmUgcGhvdG9zeW50aGVzaXMgbW9zdCBlZmZlY3RpdmVseS4=[Qq]
[f]IEdyZWVuIHdhdmVsZW5ndGhzIGFyZSBub3QgYWJzb3JiZWQgd2VsbCwgc28gdGhleSBkb24mIzgyMTc7dCBlZmZlY3RpdmVseSBkcml2ZSBwaG90b3N5bnRoZXNpcy4gVGhpbmsgYWdhaW4h[Qq]
[c]IEJlY2F1c2UgdGhleSBhYnNvcmIgZ3JlZW4gd2F2ZWxlbmd0aHMgYW5kIHJlZmxlY3QgYmx1ZSBhbmQgcmVkIHdhdmVsZW5ndGhzLg==[Qq]
[f]IENobG9yb3BoeWxsIGFic29yYnMgYmx1ZSBhbmQgcmVkIHdhdmVsZW5ndGhzIGFuZCByZWZsZWN0cyBncmVlbiwgbm90IHRoZSBvdGhlciB3YXkgYXJvdW5kLiBUcnkgYWdhaW4h

Cg==[Qq]

[x]

[restart]

[/qwiz]

What’s Next?

Please proceed to the next tutorial: The Light Reactions