1. Watch this Video

2. Study this Summary

Metabolic Pathway

  • A series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions linked within a cell.
  • Can be linear (e.g., glycolysis) or cyclical (e.g., Krebs and Calvin cycles).
  • Key components:
    • Initial reactant (e.g., A), intermediates (e.g., B and C), and the final product (e.g., D).

Autotrophs

  • Organisms that produce their own food.
  • Photoautotrophs: Use light energy for photosynthesis (e.g., plants, cyanobacteria).
  • Chemoautotrophs: Use inorganic substances (e.g., iron, sulfur) through chemosynthesis (e.g., certain bacteria, archaea).

Heterotrophs

  • Obtain energy and matter by consuming or decomposing organic compounds produced by other organisms.
  • Examples: Consumers, decomposers, parasites.

Exergonic vs. Endergonic Reactions

1-exergonic reaction; 2-endergonic reaction; A-reactants; B-products; C-energy difference; D-activation energy

  • Exergonic Reactions:
    • Release energy and increase entropy.
    • Examples: Cellular respiration, hydrolysis.
  • Endergonic Reactions:
    • Require energy and decrease entropy.
    • Examples: Photosynthesis, dehydration synthesis.

Structure and Function of ATP

ATP/ADP Cycle
  • Structure:
    • Five-carbon sugar (ribose), nitrogenous base (adenine), and three phosphate groups.
  • Function:
    • Powers cellular work by storing and releasing energy.
    • Energy storage: ADP + phosphate group → ATP (uses energy from food or light).
    • Energy release: ATP → ADP + phosphate (releases energy for cellular processes).

Energy Coupling

Cellular respiration (left) linked to ATP synthesis (center) linked to an endergonic reaction (right)

  • Links exergonic and endergonic reactions to drive biological processes.
  • Examples:
    • Cellular respiration (exergonic) drives ATP formation (endergonic).
    • ATP breakdown drives active transport and muscle contraction (both endergonic processes).

3. Master these Flashcards

[qdeck bold_text=”false” style=”width: 600px !important; min-height: 450px !important;” qrecord_id=”sciencemusicvideosMeister1961-Cell Energy Flashcards, APBVP”]

[h] Cell Energy

[q json=”true” yy=”4″ unit=”3.Cellular_Energetics” dataset_id=”AP_Bio_Flashcards_2022|1cbbe8f19d910″ question_number=”109″ topic=”3.4.Cell_Energy”] What are the key differences between autotrophs and heterotrophs?

[a] Autotrophs produce their own food, either through photosynthesis (photoautotrophs) or chemosynthesis (chemoautotrophs). Heterotrophs obtain energy and matter by consuming organic compounds made by other organisms.

[q json=”true” yy=”4″ unit=”3.Cellular_Energetics” dataset_id=”AP_Bio_Flashcards_2022|1cb5e7a41e910″ question_number=”111″ topic=”3.4.Cell_Energy”] Why is ATP known as the energy currency of the cell?

[a] ATP stores energy in its phosphate bonds and releases it when the terminal phosphate group is removed. This energy is used to power various cellular processes, making it the primary molecule for energy transfer in cells.

[q json=”true” yy=”4″ unit=”3.Cellular_Energetics” dataset_id=”AP_Bio_Flashcards_2022|1cabe7f91c910″ question_number=”112″ topic=”3.4.Cell_Energy”] What is energy coupling?

[a] Energy coupling allows cells to use the energy released from exergonic reactions (e.g., breakdown of ATP) to drive endergonic reactions (e.g., active transport, muscle contraction).

[q json=”true” unit=”3.Cellular_Energetics” topic=”3.4.Cell_Energy” dataset_id=”AP_Bio_Flashcards_2022|1147a361ed84c6″ question_number=”99″] What is a metabolic pathway?

[a] A metabolic pathway is a linked series of enzyme-catalyzed chemical reactions occurring within a cell. These pathways include reactants (a), products (d), and intermediates (b and c)

[q json=”true” unit=”3.Cellular_Energetics” topic=”3.4.Cell_Energy” dataset_id=”AP_Bio_Flashcards_2022|114568f28c50c6″ question_number=”101″] What are heterotrophs, and how do they get the energy and matter they need to live, grow, and reproduce?

[a] Heterotrophs are organisms that capture the energy present in organic compounds produced by other organisms. Heterotrophs can be ecological consumers, decomposers, or parasites. They get their energy and matter by metabolizing the organic compounds in organisms that they eat or absorb, or in the dead remains of organisms.

[q json=”true” unit=”3.Cellular_Energetics” topic=”3.4.Cell_Energy” dataset_id=”AP_Bio_Flashcards_2022|29a9feeeb83fa” question_number=”102″] What’s the difference between an exergonic reaction and an endergonic reaction.

[a] Exergonic reactions  (1) release energy and increase entropy. Examples include cellular respiration and most hydrolysis reactions. Endergonic reactions (2) require energy and decrease entropy. Examples include photosynthesis or almost any dehydration synthesis reaction.

[q json=”true” yy=”4″ unit=”3.Cellular_Energetics” topic=”3.4.Cell_Energy” dataset_id=”AP_Bio_Flashcards_2022|219576c998c64c” question_number=”105″] Describe the structure and function of ATP.

[a] ATP consists of the 5-carbon sugar ribose (1), the nitrogenous base adenine (2), and 3 phosphate groups (3). ATP is used to power work within cells. Every cell makes its own ATP, and there’s no sharing of ATP between cells.

[q json=”true” yy=”4″ unit=”3.Cellular_Energetics” topic=”3.4.Cell_Energy” dataset_id=”AP_Bio_Flashcards_2022|219494f117624c” question_number=”106″] Describe how ATP can be used to store and release energy.

[a] For temporary storage of energy, cells take energy from food (during cellular respiration) or light (during photosynthesis) and use it to make ATP from ADP and Pi. To release energy to perform cellular work, cells remove a phosphate group from ATP, creating ADP and Pi.

 

[q json=”true” yy=”4″ unit=”3.Cellular_Energetics” topic=”3.4.Cell_Energy” dataset_id=”AP_Bio_Flashcards_2022|15ab151b97a7a1″ question_number=”107″] What is energy coupling?

[a] Energy coupling involves linking an exergonic reaction to an endergonic one (which provides the energy to drive the endergonic reaction forward). For example, cellular respiration (which is exergonic) drives the formation of ATP from ADP and Pi (which is endergonic). The exergonic conversion of ATP and ADP and Pi is coupled to endergonic processes such as muscle contraction or dehydration synthesis reactions.

[x] [restart]

[/qdeck]

 

4. Tackle this Quiz

[qwiz style=”width: 600px !important; min-height: 450px !important;” qrecord_id=”sciencemusicvideosMeister1961-Cell Energy Quiz, APBVP”]

[h] Cellular Energetics

[i]

[q json=”true” multiple_choice=”true” unit=”8.Ecology” topic=”8.2.Energy_Flow_through_Ecosystems” dataset_id=”2019 AP Bio Dataset|378c27f59e10f” question_number=”419″] A team of biologists is surveying a variety of single-celled organisms in the hot springs of Mount Lassen National Park. They create the following table of organisms and the way each one acquires energy.

Organism How it acquires energy
A Uses sunlight to synthesize carbohydrates
B creates carbohydrates by oxidizing elements and compounds such as sulfur, hydrogen, and ammonia (NH2)
C Consumes organic compounds produced by other organisms

Which of the following is a correct description of organisms A, B, and C?

[c]IEEgaXMgYSBwaG90b2F1dG90cm9waCwgQiBpcyBhIGNoZW1v YXV0b3Ryb3BoLCBhbmQgQyBpcyBhIGhldGVyb3Ryb3BoLg==[Qq]

[f]IEV4Y2VsbGVudC4gQSBpcyBhIHBob3RvYXV0b3Ryb3BoLCBCIGlzIGEgY2hlbW9hdXRvdHJvcGgsIGFuZCBDIGlzIGEgaGV0ZXJvdHJvcGgu[Qq]

[c]IEEgaXMgYSBjaGVtb2F1dG90cm9waCwgQiBpcyBhIHBob3RvYXV0b3Ryb3BoLCBhbmQgQyBpcyBhIGhldGVyb3Ryb3BoLg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBIZXJlJiM4MjE3O3MgYSBoaW50OiAmIzgyMjA7QSYjODIyMTsgdXNlcyBsaWdodCB0byBzeW50aGVzaXplIGNhcmJvaHlkcmF0ZXMuIFRoZSBwcmVmaXggJiM4MjIwO3Bob3RvJiM4MjIxOyBtZWFucyBsaWdodC4=[Qq]

[c]IEEgaXMgYSBoZXRlcm90cm9waCwgQiBpcyBhIHBob3RvYXV0b3Ryb3BoLCBhbmQgQyBpcyBhIGNoZW1vYXV0b3Ryb3BoLg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBIZXJlJiM4MjE3O3MgYSBoaW50LiA=SGV0ZXJvdHJvcGhzIGhhdmUgdG8gZWF0IG9yIGFic29yYiBudXRyaWVudHMgZnJvbSBvdGhlciBvcmdhbmlzbXMgdG8gZ2V0IHRoZWlyIGVuZXJneS4=[Qq]

[c]IEEgaXMgYSBwaG90b2F1dG90cm9waCwgQiBpcyBhIGhldGVyb3Ryb3BoLCBhbmQgQyBpcyBhIGNoZW1vYXV0b3Ryb3BoLg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBIZXJlJiM4MjE3O3MgYSBoaW50LiA=Q2hlbW9hdXRvdHJvcGhzIGNhbiBmZWVkIHRoZW1zZWx2ZXMsIGJ1dCB0aGF0IGZlZWRpbmcgaXMgcG93ZXJlZCBieSB0aGUgb3hpZGF0aW9uIG9mIGNoZW1pY2FsbHkgcmVkdWNlZCBlbGVtZW50cyBvciBjb21wb3VuZHMu

Cg==

[Qq]

[q json=”true” multiple_choice=”true” unit=”8.Ecology” topic=”8.2.Energy_Flow_through_Ecosystems” dataset_id=”2019 AP Bio Dataset|37762ec56650f” question_number=”420″] A team of biologists studying geothermal hot springs has discovered a prokaryotic organism in a light-free zone deep within the pool. Metabolic analysis shows that this organism gets its energy by oxidizing hydrogen gas (H2) and using it to reduce carbon dioxide gas into a variety of carbohydrates. The best classification of this organism would be as a

[c]IHBob3RvYXV0b3Ryb3Bo[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBQaG90b2F1dG90cm9waHMgZmVlZCB0aGVtc2VsdmVzIGJ5IHVzaW5nIGxpZ2h0IGVuZXJneSB0byBwb3dlciB0aGUgcmVkdWN0aW9uIG9mIGNhcmJvbiBkaW94aWRlIGludG8gY2FyYm9oeWRyYXRlcy4gVGhlIG9yZ2FuaXNtIGFib3ZlIGlzIGluIGEgbGlnaHQtZnJlZSB6b25lLg==[Qq]

[c]IGNoZW1vYX V0b3Ryb3Bo[Qq]

[f]IEZhbnRhc3RpYy4gQSBjaGVtb2F1dG90cm9waCBmZWVkcyBpdHNlbGYsIHBvd2VyaW5nIHRoZSByZWR1Y3Rpb24gb2YgY2FyYm9uIGRpb3hpZGUgYnkgZ2FpbmluZyBlbmVyZ2V0aWMgZWxlY3Ryb25zIGZyb20gc29tZSBpbm9yZ2FuaWMgc291cmNlLg==[Qq]

[c]IGhldGVyb3Ryb3Bo[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBBIGhldGVyb3Ryb3BoIGdhaW5zIGl0cyBtYXR0ZXIgb3IgZW5lcmd5IGJ5IGVhdGluZyBvciBhYnNvcmJpbmcgYW5vdGhlciBvcmdhbmlzbS4=[Qq]

[c]IGxpdGhvdHJvcGg=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBMaXRob3Ryb3BoIG1lYW5zICYjODIyMDtyb2NrLWZlZWRlci4mIzgyMjE7IExpdGhvdHJvcGhzIGdhaW4gdGhlaXIgZW5lcmd5IGJ5IG94aWRpemluZyB0aGUgYXZhaWxhYmxlIGVuZXJneSBpbiBzb21lIGlub3JnYW5pYyBtaW5lcmFsIHN1YnN0YW5jZXMsIHN1Y2ggYXMgaXJvbi4=[Qq]

[q] In the diagram below, graph 1 shows the course of a(n) [hangman] reaction. This type of reaction [hangman] free energy that can be used to perform [hangman].

[c]IGV4ZXJnb25pYw==[Qq]

[f]IENvcnJlY3Qh[Qq]

[c]IHJlbGVhc2Vz[Qq]

[f]IEV4Y2VsbGVudCE=[Qq]

[c]IHdvcms=[Qq]

[f]IEdvb2Qh[Qq]

[q] In the diagram below, graph 2 shows the course of a(n) [hangman] reaction. In this type of reaction, entropy [hangman], and the products have [hangman] energy than the reactants.

[c]IGVuZGVyZ29uaWM=[Qq]

[f]IENvcnJlY3Qh[Qq]

[c]IGRlY3JlYXNlcw==[Qq]

[f]IEdyZWF0IQ==[Qq]

[c]IG1vcmU=[Qq]

[f]IEV4Y2VsbGVudCE=[Qq]

[q] A reaction like photosynthesis is best represented by which of the graphs below?

[textentry single_char=”true”]

 

[c]ID I=[Qq]

[f]IFllcy4gUGhvdG9zeW50aGVzaXMgaXMgYW4gZW5kZXJnb25pYyByZWFjdGlvbiBhbmQgaXMgYmVzdCByZXByZXNlbnRlZCBieSBncmFwaCBudW1iZXIgMi4=[Qq]

[c]ICo=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBJbiBwaG90b3N5bnRoZXNpcywgdGhlIHByb2R1Y3RzIGhhdmUgbW9yZSBlbmVyZ3kgdGhhbiB0aGUgcmVhY3RhbnRzLiBIb3cgd291bGQgdGhhdCBiZSByZXByZXNlbnRlZD8=[Qq]

[c]IEVudGVyIGxldHRlcg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLCB0aGF0JiM4MjE3O3Mgbm90IGNvcnJlY3Qu[Qq]

[q] In both diagrams, activation energy is represented by which number or letter?

[textentry single_char=”true”]

[c]IG Q=[Qq]

[f]IFllcy4gVGhlIGxldHRlciAmIzgyMjA7ZCYjODIyMTsgcmVwcmVzZW50cyBhY3RpdmF0aW9uIGVuZXJneS4=[Qq]

[c]ICo=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBIZXJlJiM4MjE3O3MgYSBoaW50IGZvciBuZXh0IHRpbWUuIFRoZSBhY3RpdmF0aW9uIGVuZXJneSBpcyB0aGUgJiM4MjIwO3B1c2gmIzgyMjE7IHJlcXVpcmVkIHRvIGdldCBhIHJlYWN0aW9uIHN0YXJ0ZWQu[Qq]

[c]IEVudGVyIGxldHRlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFNvcnJ5LCB0aGF0JiM4MjE3O3Mgbm90IGNvcnJlY3Qu[Qq]

[q] Which reaction is not spontaneous and requires an input of energy to run its course?

[textentry single_char=”true”]

[c]ID I=[Qq]

[f]IFllcy4gTnVtYmVyIDIgcmVwcmVzZW50cyBhbiBlbmRlcmdvbmljIHJlYWN0aW9uLg==[Qq]

[c]ICo=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBIZXJlJiM4MjE3O3MgYSBoaW50IGZvciBuZXh0IHRpbWUuIExvb2sgZm9yIHRoZSByZWFjdGlvbiB3aGVyZSB0aGUgcHJvZHVjdHMgaGF2ZSBtb3JlIGVuZXJneSB0aGFuIHRoZSByZWFjdGFudHMu[Qq]

[c]IEVudGVyIGxldHRlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFNvcnJ5LCB0aGF0JiM4MjE3O3Mgbm90IGNvcnJlY3Qu[Qq]

[q] Cellular respiration is best represented by which of the graphs below?

[textentry single_char=”true”]

[c]ID E=[Qq]

[f]IFllcy4gQ2VsbHVsYXIgcmVzcGlyYXRpb24gaXMgYW4gZXhlcmdvbmljIHJlYWN0aW9uIGFuZCBpcyBiZXN0IHJlcHJlc2VudGVkIGJ5IGdyYXBoIDEu[Qq]

[c]ICo=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBIZXJlJiM4MjE3O3MgYSBoaW50IGZvciBuZXh0IHRpbWUuIExvb2sgZm9yIHRoZSByZWFjdGlvbiB3aGVyZSB0aGUgcHJvZHVjdHMgaGF2ZSBsZXNzIGVuZXJneSB0aGFuIHRoZSByZWFjdGFudHMu[Qq]

[c]IEVudGVyIGxldHRlcg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLCB0aGF0JiM4MjE3O3Mgbm90IGNvcnJlY3Qu[Qq]

[q] Which letter represents an endergonic reaction?

[textentry single_char=”true”]

[c]IE I=[Qq]

[f]IFllcy4gJiM4MjIwO0ImIzgyMjE7IHJlcHJlc2VudHMgYW4gZW5kZXJnb25pYyByZWFjdGlvbi4=[Qq]

[c]ICo=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBIZXJlJiM4MjE3O3MgYSBoaW50IGZvciBuZXh0IHRpbWUuIExvb2sgZm9yIHRoZSByZWFjdGlvbiB3aGVyZSB0aGUgcHJvZHVjdHMgaGF2ZSBtb3JlIGVuZXJneSB0aGFuIHRoZSByZWFjdGFudHMu[Qq]

[c]IEVudGVyIGxldHRlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFNvcnJ5LCBuby4=[Qq]

[q] Which number represents the source of the energy that makes reaction “B” possible?

[textentry single_char=”true”]

[c]ID E=[Qq]

[f]IFllcy4gJiM4MjIwOzEmIzgyMjE7IHJlcHJlc2VudHMgdGhlIGVuZXJneS1yaWNoIHJlYWN0YW50IHRoYXQmIzgyMTc7cyBtYWtpbmcgcmVhY3Rpb24gJiM4MjIwO0ImIzgyMjE7IHBvc3NpYmxlLg==[Qq]

[c]ICo=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBIZXJlJiM4MjE3O3MgYSBoaW50IGZvciBuZXh0IHRpbWUuIFJlYWN0aW9uICYjODIyMDtBJiM4MjIxOyBpcyBjb3VwbGVkIHdpdGggcmVhY3Rpb24gJiM4MjIwO0IuJiM4MjIxOyBXaGF0JiM4MjE3O3MgdGhlIGVuZXJneSBzb3VyY2UgZm9yIHJlYWN0aW9uICYjODIyMDtCLiYjODIyMTs=[Qq]

[c]IEVudGVyIGxldHRlcg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLCB0aGF0JiM4MjE3O3Mgbm90IGNvcnJlY3Qu[Qq]

[q] The diagram below represents the idea of energy [hangman]. Reaction “A” is a(n) [hangman] reaction that’s powering the [hangman] reaction represented by “B.”

[c]IGNvdXBsaW5n[Qq]

[f]IEdvb2Qh[Qq]

[c]IGV4ZXJnb25pYw==[Qq]

[f]IEdvb2Qh[Qq]

[c]IGVuZGVyZ29uaWM=[Qq]

[f]IENvcnJlY3Qh[Qq]

[q labels = “top”]Let’s try some labeling.

 

[l]adenine (nitrogenous base)

[f*] Great!

[fx] No. Please try again.

[l]three phosphate groups

[f*] Excellent!

[fx] No. Please try again.

[l]ribose sugar

[f*] Great!

[fx] No. Please try again.

[q] ATP is a one of the monomers of RNA. In other RNA monomers, which part can vary from what’s shown below?

[textentry single_char=”true”]

[c]ID I=[Qq]

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[c]ICo=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBIZXJlJiM4MjE3O3MgYSBoaW50LiBPbmx5IHRoZSBuaXRyb2dlbm91cyBiYXNlIHdpbGwgdmFyeS4gSnVzdCB0aGluayBhYm91dCB3aGljaCBwYXJ0IGNvdWxkIGJlIGRlc2NyaWJlZCBhcyAmIzgyMjA7bml0cm9nZW5vdXMuJiM4MjIxOw==

Cg==

[Qq]

[q] Which part is the sugar ribose?

[textentry single_char=”true”]

[c]ID E=[Qq]

[f]IFllcy4gJiM4MjIwOzEmIzgyMjE7IGlzwqB0aGUgc3VnYXIgcmlib3NlLg==[Qq]

[c]ICo=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBTdWdhcnMgdHlwaWNhbGx5IGhhdmUgYSBoZXhhZ29uYWwgKHNpeC1zaWRlZCkgb3IgcGVudGFnb25hbCAoNSBzaWRlZCkgc3RydWN0dXJlLiBXaGljaCBvZiB0aGUgbnVtYmVyZWQgcGFydHMgYWJvdmUgbG9va3MgbGlrZSBhIHN1Z2FyPw==

Cg==

[Qq]

[q] Which part is involved in energy transfer?

[textentry single_char=”true”]

[c]ID M=[Qq]

[f]IFllcy4gVGhlIHBob3NwaGF0ZSBncm91cHMgYXQgJiM4MjIwOzMmIzgyMjE7IGFyZSB3aGVyZSBhbmQgaG93IEFUUCBzdG9yZXMgYW5kIHJlbGVhc2VzIGVuZXJneS4=[Qq]

[c]ICo=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBJdCYjODIxNztzIHRoZSBwaG9zcGhhdGUgZ3JvdXBzIHRoYXQgcGxheSB0aGlzIHJvbGUuIFdoaWNoIGlzIHRoZSBvbmx5IHBhcnQgdGhhdCBjb3VsZCBiZSBhIHBob3NwaGF0ZSBncm91cD8=

Cg==

[Qq]

[q] ATP is a nucleotide [hangman]

[c]IG1vbm9tZXI=[Qq]

[f]IFllcy4gQVRQIGlzIGEgbnVjbGVvdGlkZSA=bW9ub21lcg==Lg==

Cg==

[Qq]

[q] Which molecule below is ATP?

1 2 3

[textentry single_char=”true”]

[c]ID M=[Qq]

[f]IFllcy4gVGhlIHRocmVlIHBob3NwaGF0ZSBncm91cHMgYXQgJiM4MjIwOzMmIzgyMjE7IG1ha2UgdGhpcyBtb2xlY3VsZSAmIzgyMjA7QVRQLCYjODIyMTsgb3IgYWRlbm9zaW5lIHRyaXBob3NwaGF0ZS4=[Qq]

[c]ICo=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBDb3VudCB0aGUgbnVtYmVyIG9mIHBob3NwaGF0ZSBncm91cHMgYXR0YWNoZWQgdG8gZWFjaCBtb2xlY3VsZS4gV2hhdCBkb2VzIHRoZSAmIzgyMjA7VCYjODIyMTsgaW4gJiM4MjIwO0FUUCYjODIyMTsgc3RhbmQgZm9yPw==

Cg==

[Qq]

[q multiple_choice=”true”] ATP (in a slightly modified form) also serves as one of the “letters” in which of the following polymers?

[c]IEROQQ==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLCBidXQgeW91JiM4MjE3O3JlIHZlcnkgY2xvc2UuIEFUUCBpcyBhIG1vbm9tZXIgb2Ygb25lIG9mIHRoZSBudWNsZW90aWRlIHBvbHltZXJzLCBidXQgbm90IEROQSAodGhlIG9uZSB5b3UmIzgyMTc7cmUgcG9zc2libHkgbW9zdCBmYW1pbGlhciB3aXRoKS4gV2hhdCYjODIxNztzIHRoZSA=b3RoZXI=IG51Y2xlb3RpZGUgcG9seW1lcj8=[Qq]

[c]IFJO QQ==[Qq]

[f]IENvcnJlY3QhIEFUUCAoaW4gYSBzbGlnaHRseSBtb2RpZmllZCBmb3JtKSBhbHNvIHNlcnZlcyBhcyBvbmUgb2YgdGhlIGxldHRlcnMgb2YgUk5BLg==[Qq]

[c]IHByb3RlaW4=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBUaGUgbGV0dGVycyB0aGF0IG1ha2UgdXAgcHJvdGVpbiBhcmUgYW1pbm8gYWNpZHMuIEl0JiM4MjE3O3Mgb25lIG9mIHRoZSB0d28gaW5mb3JtYXRpb25hbCBudWNsZW90aWRlcyBvbiB0aGUgbGlzdC4=[Qq]

[c]IHBvbHlzYWNjaGFyaWRlcw==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBQb2x5c2FjY2hhcmlkZXMgYXJlIGNhcmJvaHlkcmF0ZSBwb2x5bWVycy4gVGhleSYjODIxNztyZSBtYWRlIG9mIG1vbm9tZXJzLCBidXQgdGhlICYjODIyMDtsZXR0ZXImIzgyMjE7IG5vdGlvbiBkb2VzbiYjODIxNzt0IGFwcGx5IHRvIHRoZW0uIE1ha2UgYW5vdGhlciBjaG9pY2Ugd2hlbiB5b3Ugc2VlIHRoaXMgcXVlc3Rpb24gYWdhaW4u[Qq]

[q labels = “top”]

 

[l]ADP

[f*] Correct!

[fx] No. Please try again.

[l]ATP

[f*] Excellent!

[fx] No. Please try again.

[l]Energy from food

[f*] Great!

[fx] No, that’s not correct. Please try again.

[l]Energy released for work

[f*] Correct!

[fx] No, that’s not correct. Please try again.

[l]Phosphate group

[f*] Correct!

[fx] No, that’s not correct. Please try again.

 

[q labels = “top”]To power the work of staying alive, cells convert _____________ into its lower energy form: _______ and inorganic ___________.

[l]ADP

[f*] Correct!

[fx] No, that’s not correct. Please try again.

[l]ATP

[f*] Good!

[fx] No, that’s not correct. Please try again.

[l]phosphate

[f*] Excellent!

[fx] No. Please try again.

[q topic=”ATP” multiple_choice=”true”] During cellular respiration, the chemical energy in food is transformed into

[c]IHRoZSBjaGVtaWNhbC BlbmVyZ3kgaW4gQVRQ[Qq]

[f]IFllcy4gTGl2aW5nIHRoaW5ncyBoYXZlIHRvIHRyYW5zZmVyIHRoZSBlbmVyZ3kgaW4gZm9vZHMgKHN1Y2ggYXMgZ2x1Y29zZSkgaW50byB0aGUgZW5lcmd5IGluIEFUUC4=[Qq]

[c]IGdsdWNvc2U=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBQcm9kdWN0aW9uIG9mIGdsdWNvc2UgaXMgd2hhdCBoYXBwZW5zIGR1cmluZyBwaG90b3N5bnRoZXNpcyAoYSB0b3BpYyB3ZSYjODIxNztsbCBhZGRyZXNzIGxhdGVyIGluIEFQIEJpbyBVbml0IDMp[Qq]

[c]IGNhcmJvbiBkaW94aWRl[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBDYXJib24gZGlveGlkZSBpcyBvbmUgb2YgdGhlIHdhc3RlIHByb2R1Y3RzIG9mIGNlbGx1bGFyIHJlc3BpcmF0aW9uLCB3aGljaCBpcyB0aGUgcHJvY2VzcyB0aGF0IGNlbGxzIHVzZSB0byBnZXQgZW5lcmd5IGZyb20gZm9vZC4gQnV0IGNhcmJvbiBkaW94aWRlIGlzIGEgd2FzdGUgcHJvZHVjdC4gTG9vayBmb3Igc29tZXRoaW5nIHRoYXQgY2VsbHMgY2FuIHVzZSB0byBwb3dlciB0aGVpciBsaWZlIHByb2Nlc3Nlcy4=

Cg==

Jm5ic3A7

Cg==

[Qq]

[q topic=”ATP” multiple_choice=”true”] In this diagram of ATP, the phosphate groups are shown at

[c]IDE=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBOdW1iZXIgMSBpcyB0aGUgc3VnYXIsIHJpYm9zZS4gVG8gZmluZCB0aGUgcGhvc3BoYXRlIGdyb3VwcywgbG9vayBmb3IgdGhlIGNoZW1pY2FsIHN5bWJvbCBmb3IgcGhvc3Bob3J1cywg4oCYUC7igJk=[Qq]

[c]IDI=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBOdW1iZXIgMiBpcyB0aGUgbml0cm9nZW5vdXMgYmFzZSwgYWRlbmluZS4gVG8gZmluZCB0aGUgcGhvc3BoYXRlIGdyb3VwcywgbG9vayBmb3IgdGhlIGNoZW1pY2FsIHN5bWJvbCBmb3IgcGhvc3Bob3J1cywg4oCYUC7igJk=[Qq]

[c]ID M=[Qq]

[f]IFllcy4gTnVtYmVyIDMgcmVmZXJzIHRvIHRoZSBwaG9zcGhhdGUgZ3JvdXBzLCB3aGVyZSBBVFAgc3RvcmVzIGl0cyBlbmVyZ3ku

Cg==

Jm5ic3A7

Cg==

[Qq]

[q topic=”ATP” multiple_choice=”true”] In this diagram of ATP, the nitrogenous base adenine is found at

[c]IDE=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBOdW1iZXIgMSBpcyB0aGUgc3VnYXIsIHJpYm9zZS4gVG8gZmluZCB0aGUgbml0cm9nZW5vdXMgYmFzZSBhZGVuaW5lLCBsb29rIGZvciB0aGUgbml0cm9nZW4tY29udGFpbmluZyByaW5ncy4g4oCYTuKAmSBpcyB0aGUgc3ltYm9sIGZvciBuaXRyb2dlbi4=[Qq]

[c]ID I=[Qq]

[f]IFllcyEgTnVtYmVyIDIgaXMgdGhlIG5pdHJvZ2Vub3VzIGJhc2UsIGFkZW5pbmUu[Qq]

[c]IDM=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBOdW1iZXIgMyByZWZlcnMgdG8gdGhlIHBob3NwaGF0ZSBncm91cHMsIHdoZXJlIEFUUCBzdG9yZXMgaXRzIGVuZXJneS4gVG8gZmluZCB0aGUgbml0cm9nZW5vdXMgYmFzZSBhZGVuaW5lLCBsb29rIGZvciB0aGUgbml0cm9nZW4tY29udGFpbmluZyByaW5ncy4g4oCYTuKAmSBpcyB0aGUgc3ltYm9sIGZvciBuaXRyb2dlbi4=

Cg==

Jm5ic3A7

Cg==

[Qq]

[q topic=”ATP” multiple_choice=”true”] In this diagram of ATP, the sugar ribose is found at

[c]ID E=[Qq]

[f]IFllcy4gTnVtYmVyIDEgaXMgdGhlIHN1Z2FyLCByaWJvc2UsIHdoaWNoIHlvdSBjYW4gaWRlbnRpZnkgYnkgaXRzIHBlbnRhZ29uYWwgc2hhcGUu[Qq]

[c]IDI=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBOdW1iZXIgMiBpcyB0aGUgbml0cm9nZW5vdXMgYmFzZSwgYWRlbmluZS4gWW91IGNhbiBpZGVudGlmeSB0aGUgc3VnYXIgcmlib3NlIGJ5IGl0cyBwZW50YWdvbmFsIHNoYXBlLg==[Qq]

[c]IDM=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBOdW1iZXIgMyByZWZlcnMgdG8gdGhlIHBob3NwaGF0ZSBncm91cHMsIHdoZXJlIEFUUCBzdG9yZXMgaXRzIGVuZXJneS4gWW91IGNhbiBpZGVudGlmeSB0aGUgc3VnYXIgcmlib3NlIGJ5IGl0cyBwZW50YWdvbmFsIHNoYXBlLg==

Cg==

Jm5ic3A7

Cg==

[Qq]

[q topic=”ATP” multiple_choice=”true”] In this diagram of ATP, the part that contains chemical bonds that are broken down for energy is

[c]IDE=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBOdW1iZXIgMSBpcyB0aGUgc3VnYXIsIHJpYm9zZS4gSW4gQVRQLCBpdOKAmXMgdGhlIGxhc3QgcGhvc3BoYXRlIGdyb3VwIHRoYXQgZ2V0cyBicm9rZW4gb2ZmIHRoZSBtb2xlY3VsZSB0byByZWxlYXNlIGVuZXJneSBmb3IgY2VsbHVsYXIgd29yay4gV2hpY2ggbnVtYmVyIGlzIHBvaW50aW5nIHRvIHRoZSBwaG9zcGhhdGUgZ3JvdXBzPw==[Qq]

[c]IDI=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBOdW1iZXIgMiBpcyB0aGUgbml0cm9nZW5vdXMgYmFzZSwgYWRlbmluZS4gSW4gQVRQLCBpdOKAmXMgdGhlIGxhc3QgcGhvc3BoYXRlIGdyb3VwIHRoYXQgZ2V0cyBicm9rZW4gb2ZmIHRoZSBtb2xlY3VsZSB0byByZWxlYXNlIGVuZXJneSBmb3IgY2VsbHVsYXIgd29yay4gV2hpY2ggbnVtYmVyIGlzIHBvaW50aW5nIHRvIHRoZSBwaG9zcGhhdGUgZ3JvdXBzPw==[Qq]

[c]ID M=[Qq]

[f]IFllcy4gTnVtYmVyIDMgcmVmZXJzIHRvIHRoZSBwaG9zcGhhdGUgZ3JvdXBzLCB3aGVyZSBBVFAgc3RvcmVzIGl0cyBlbmVyZ3kuIEJ5IGJyZWFraW5nIG9mZiB0aGUgbGFzdCBwaG9zcGhhdGUgZ3JvdXAsIGNlbGxzIHJlbGVhc2UgZW5lcmd5IGZvciBjZWxsdWxhciB3b3JrLg==

Cg==

Jm5ic3A7

Cg==

[Qq]

[q topic=”ATP” multiple_choice=”true”] When ATP is converted to ADP and Phosphate, which chemical bond is broken?

[c]IE E=[Qq]

[f]IFllcy4gQnJlYWtpbmcgdGhlIGJvbmQgYXQg4oCYQeKAmSBjb252ZXJ0cyBBVFAgdG8gQURQIGFuZCBwaG9zcGhhdGUsIHJlbGVhc2luZyBlbmVyZ3kgZm9yIGNlbGx1bGFyIHdvcmsu[Qq]

[c]IEI=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBUbyBjb252ZXJ0IEFUUCB0byBBRFAgYW5kIHBob3NwaGF0ZSwgdGhlIG91dGVybW9zdCBwaG9zcGhhdGUgZ3JvdXAgaXMgYnJva2VuIG9mZi4gV2hpY2ggYm9uZCB3b3VsZCBoYXZlIHRvIGJyZWFrIHRvIHJlbGVhc2UgdGhlIG91dGVybW9zdCBwaG9zcGhhdGUgZ3JvdXA/[Qq]

[c]IEM=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBUbyBjb252ZXJ0IEFUUCB0byBBRFAgYW5kIHBob3NwaGF0ZSwgdGhlIG91dGVybW9zdCBwaG9zcGhhdGUgZ3JvdXAgaXMgYnJva2VuIG9mZi4gV2hpY2ggYm9uZCB3b3VsZCBoYXZlIHRvIGJyZWFrIHRvIHJlbGVhc2UgdGhlIG91dGVybW9zdCBwaG9zcGhhdGUgZ3JvdXA/

Cg==

Jm5ic3A7

Cg==

[Qq]

[q topic=”ATP” multiple_choice=”true”] Which molecule shown below is ADP?

[c]IDE=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBBRFAgaXMgc2hvcnQgZm9yIOKAmGFkZW5vc2luZSBkaS1waG9zcGhhdGUu4oCZIFRoZSDigJhkaeKAmSBzdGFuZHMgZm9yIHR3byBhbmQgcmVmZXJzIHRvIHRoZSB0d28gcGhvc3BoYXRlIGdyb3Vwcy4gV2hpY2ggb2YgdGhlc2UgdHdvIG1vbGVjdWxlcyBoYXMgVFdPIHBob3NwaGF0ZSBncm91cHM/[Qq]

[c]ID I=[Qq]

[f]IFllcy4gTW9sZWN1bGUgMiBpcyBBRFAsIHdoaWNoIHlvdSBjYW4gaWRlbnRpZnkgYnkgaXRzIHR3byBwaG9zcGhhdGUgZ3JvdXBzLg==

Cg==

Jm5ic3A7

Cg==

[Qq]

[q topic=”ATP” multiple_choice=”true”] Which molecule below has more stored chemical energy?

[c]ID E=[Qq]

[f]IFllcy4gQVRQLCB3aXRoIGl0cyB0aHJlZSBwaG9zcGhhdGUgZ3JvdXBzLCBoYXMgbW9yZSBzdG9yZWQgY2hlbWljYWwgZW5lcmd5IHRoYW4gQURQLg==[Qq]

[c]IDI=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBJbiB0aGUgQVRQLUFEUCBzeXN0ZW0sIGhhdmluZyB0aHJlZSBwaG9zcGhhdGUgZ3JvdXBzIG1lYW5zIGhhdmluZyBtb3JlIGVuZXJneSB0aGFuIGhhdmluZyB0d28uIE5leHQgdGltZSwgY2hvb3NlIEFUUCwgd2hpY2ggaGFzIHRocmVlIHBob3NwaGF0ZSBncm91cHMu

Cg==

Jm5ic3A7

Cg==

[Qq]

[q topic=”ATP” multiple_choice=”true”] When a cell needs to release a small amount of energy, it converts

[c]IEFUUCB0byBBRFAgYW 5kIHBob3NwaGF0ZQ==[Qq]

[f]IFllcy4gQ29udmVyc2lvbiBvZiBBVFAgdG8gQURQIGFuZCBwaG9zcGhhdGUgcmVsZWFzZXMgZW5lcmd5IGZvciBjZWxsdWxhciB3b3JrLg==[Qq]

[c]IEFEUCBhbmQgcGhvc3BoYXRlIHRvIEFUUA==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBDb252ZXJ0aW5nIEFEUCBhbmQgcGhvc3BoYXRlIHRvIEFUUCBpcyBob3cgY2VsbHMgU1RPUkUgZW5lcmd5LiBIb3cgZG8gY2VsbHMgcmVsZWFzZSBlbmVyZ3k/

Cg==

Jm5ic3A7

Cg==

[Qq]

[q topic=”ATP” multiple_choice=”true”] When a cell needs to store a small amount of energy, it converts

[c]IEFUUCB0byBBRFAgYW5kIHBob3NwaGF0ZQ==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBDb252ZXJzaW9uIG9mIEFUUCB0byBBRFAgYW5kIHBob3NwaGF0ZSByZWxlYXNlcyBlbmVyZ3ku[Qq]

[c]IEFEUCBhbmQgcGhvc3 BoYXRlIHRvIEFUUA==[Qq]

[f]IFllcy4gQ29udmVydGluZyBBRFAgYW5kIFBob3NwaGF0ZSB0byBBVFAgaXMgaG93IGNlbGxzIHN0b3JlIGVuZXJneS4=

Cg==

Jm5ic3A7

Cg==

[Qq]

[q topic=”ATP” multiple_choice=”true”] In this diagram of the ATP-ADP cycle, which letter represents energy release?

[c]IEE=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBMZXR0ZXIgQSBzaG93cyBBRFAgYW5kIFBob3NwaGF0ZSBiZWluZyBjb252ZXJ0ZWQgaW50byBBVFAsIHdoaWNoIGlzIGhvdyBjZWxscyBzdG9yZSBlbmVyZ3kgZm9yIGNlbGx1bGFyIHdvcmsu[Qq]

[c]IE I=[Qq]

[f]IFllcy4gTGV0dGVyIEIgc2hvd3MgdGhlIGNvbnZlcnNpb24gb2YgQVRQIHRvIEFEUCBhbmQgcGhvc3BoYXRlLCB3aGljaCBpcyBob3cgY2VsbHMgcmVsZWFzZSBlbmVyZ3kgZm9yIGNlbGx1bGFyIHdvcmsu

Cg==

Jm5ic3A7

Cg==

[Qq]

[q topic=”ATP” multiple_choice=”true”] Which of the following best describes the flow of energy in cells performing cellular respiration?

[c]IEZvb2QgdG8gQURQIHRvIGNlbGwgd29yaw==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBBRFAgaXNu4oCZdCB0aGUgbW9sZWN1bGUgdGhhdOKAmXMgYnJva2VuIGRvd24gZm9yIGNlbGwgd29yay4gRmluZCBhIHBhdGggd2hlcmUgQVRQIHByZWNlZGVzIGNlbGwgd29yay4=[Qq]

[c]IGZvb2QgZGlyZWN0bHkgdG8gY2VsbCB3b3Jr[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBDZWxscyBoYXZlIHRvIGNvbnZlcnQgZm9vZCBlbmVyZ3kgdG8gQVRQIGJlZm9yZSB0aGV5IGNhbiBwZXJmb3JtIHdvcmsuIEZpbmQgYSBwYXRoIHdoZXJlIEFUUCBwcmVjZWRlcyBjZWxsIHdvcmsu[Qq]

[c]IEFUUCB0byBmb29k[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBJbiBjZWxsdWxhciByZXNwaXJhdGlvbiwgZm9vZCBpcyB1c2VkIHRvIG1ha2UgQVRQLiBGaW5kIGEgcGF0aCB3aGVyZSBBVFAgcHJlY2VkZXMgY2VsbCB3b3JrLg==[Qq]

[c]IGZvb2QgdG8gQVRQIH RvIGNlbGwgd29yaw==[Qq]

[f]IFllcy4gRm9yIGNlbGxzIHRvIGhhdmUgdGhlIHR5cGUgb2YgZW5lcmd5IHRoZXkgbmVlZCB0byBwZXJmb3JtIHdvcmssIHRoZXkgbXVzdCBmaXJzdCBjb252ZXJ0IHRoZSBjaGVtaWNhbCBlbmVyZ3kgaW4gZm9vZCBpbnRvIHRoZSBjaGVtaWNhbCBlbmVyZ3kgaW4gQVRQLCB3aGljaCB0aGV5IGNhbiB0aGVuIHVzZSB0byBwZXJmb3JtIGNlbGx1bGFyIHdvcmsu[Qq]

[x][restart]

[/qwiz]

 

What’s Next?

Please proceed to the next tutorial: Cellular Respiration Overview