1. Watch this Video
2. Study this Summary
Comparing Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration
Anaerobic vs. Aerobic respiration
- Aerobic Respiration:
- Requires oxygen and includes glycolysis, the link reaction, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain.
- Location: Starts in the cytoplasm, but most of the ATP is produced in the mitochondria through oxidative phosphorylation.
- ATP Yield: Approximately 32 ATP per glucose.
- Most ATP is generated in the electron transport chain (though oxidative phorphorylation), with a small amount from the Krebs cycle and glycolysis (through substrate-level phosphorylation).
- Anaerobic Respiration:
- Occurs when cells are deprived of oxygen, or in organisms lacking the enzymes for aerobic respiration.
- Key Processes: Glycolysis followed by fermentation.
- Location: Entirely in the cytoplasm; the mitochondria are not involved.
- ATP Yield: Only 2 ATP per glucose.
What is Fermentation and Why Does It Occur?
- Fermentation defined: Fermentation is glycolysis followed by reactions that regenerate NAD⁺.
- Why regenerate NAD⁺? Glycolysis requires NAD⁺ to function, and fermentation ensures its availability when oxygen is lacking.
- Function: Fermentation allows organisms to continue carrying out glycolysis, producing 2 ATP per glucose under anaerobic conditions.
- Examples:
- Animals perform lactic acid fermentation during intense activity when oxygen is insufficient.
- A variety of bacteria involved in culturing yogurt carry out lactic acid fermentation, giving yogurt its sour taste and semi-solid texture (caused by acidity denaturing milk proteins).
- Yeast and certain microbes perform alcohol fermentation, used in creating wine and beer.
- Chemistry alert! There’s no oxygen, but fermentation is still a REDOX (reduction-oxidation) reaction.
- NADH gets oxidized to NAD+
- In alcohol fermentation, acetaldehyde gets reduced to ethanol
- In lactic acid fermentation, pyruvic acid (pyruvate) gets reduced to lactic acid (lactate)
Alcohol vs. Lactic Acid Fermentation
- Alcohol Fermentation (Ethanol Fermentation):
Alcohol (ethanol) fermentation
- Organism that performs it: Yeast (e.g., during bread baking or beer production).
- Process:
- CO₂ is removed from pyruvate, forming acetaldehyde (step B, above).
- Acetaldehyde is reduced to ethanol, regenerating NAD⁺ as NADH is oxidized (step C).
- Byproducts:
- CO₂: Creates bubbles in beer and bread.
- Ethanol: Found in alcoholic beverages.
- Lactic Acid Fermentation:
Lactic Acid Fermentation
- Organism: Animals (e.g., in muscle tissue during anaerobic conditions); also by many of the bacteria involved in culturing yogurt from milk.
- Process:
- Pyruvate is reduced to lactic acid, regenerating NAD⁺ as NADH is oxidized (step B, above)
- Effects of Lactic Acid
- In animals, lactic acid can accumulate in muscles during intense exercise. This causes the “lactic acid burn” sensation in muscle tissue, and is one factor that reduces the ability of muscles to function under anaerobic conditions (but the main reason is the lack of ATP).
- In yogurt-producing bacteria: the lactic acid gives yogurt its sour taste, makes it a semi-solid, and keeps the yogurt from spoiling (because the acidity inhibits other bacteria and fungi that would otherwise spoil milk).
Key Takeaways
- Anaerobic respiration does not require oxygen.
- It yields only yields 2 ATP per glucose. It’s far less efficient than aerobic respiration (~32 ATP/glucose)
- Fermentation allows glycolysis to continue under anaerobic conditions by regenerating NAD⁺.
- Alcohol fermentation produces ethanol and CO₂, while lactic acid fermentation produces lactic acid.
3. Master these Flashcards
[qdeck style=”width: 600px !important; min-height: 450px !important;” bold_text=”false” random=”true” qrecord_id=”sciencemusicvideosMeister1961-Anaerobic Respiration Flashcards, APBVP”]
[h]Anaerobic Respiration and Fermentation
[i]
[q json=”true” yy=”4″ unit=”3.Cellular_Energetics” dataset_id=”AP_Bio_Flashcards_2022|2a1b1c123d45″ question_number=”201″ topic=”3.6.Cellular_Respiration”] Compare aerobic and anaerobic respiration in terms of oxygen requirements, processes, and ATP yield.
[a]
Aerobic Respiration:
- Requires oxygen.
- Includes glycolysis, link reaction, Krebs cycle, and electron transport chain.
- Generates approximately 32 ATP per glucose.
Anaerobic Respiration:
- Does not require oxygen.
- Involves glycolysis followed by fermentation.
- Generates only 2 ATP per glucose.
[q json=”true” yy=”4″ unit=”3.Cellular_Energetics” dataset_id=”AP_Bio_Flashcards_2022|2b1b2c123d45″ question_number=”202″ topic=”3.6.Cellular_Respiration”] Why is fermentation necessary under anaerobic conditions?
[a]
Fermentation regenerates NAD+, which is required for glycolysis to continue. Without NAD+, glycolysis cannot produce the 2 ATP per glucose that organisms rely on during anaerobic respiration.
[q json=”true” yy=”4″ unit=”3.Cellular_Energetics” dataset_id=”AP_Bio_Flashcards_2022|2c1b3c123d45″ question_number=”203″ topic=”3.6.Cellular_Respiration”] What are the two main types of fermentation, and which organisms perform them?
[a]
- Alcohol Fermentation: Performed by yeast and some microbes. Produces ethanol and CO2.
- Lactic Acid Fermentation: Performed by animals (e.g., in muscle tissue during anaerobic conditions). Also performed by certain bacteria (such as those involved in creating yogurt). Produces lactic acid.
[q json=”true” yy=”4″ unit=”3.Cellular_Energetics” dataset_id=”AP_Bio_Flashcards_2022|2d1b4c123d45″ question_number=”204″ topic=”3.6.Cellular_Respiration”] How does alcohol fermentation work, and what are its byproducts?
[a]
1. Enzymes remove a CO2 from Pyruvate, forming acetaldehyde. The CO2 is a waste product.
2. Acetaldehyde is reduced to ethanol, oxidizing NADH to regenerate NAD+.
3. Byproducts: Ethanol and CO2 (e.g., bubbles in beer and bread).
[q json=”true” yy=”4″ unit=”3.Cellular_Energetics” dataset_id=”AP_Bio_Flashcards_2022|2e1b5c123d45″ question_number=”205″ topic=”3.6.Cellular_Respiration”] How does lactic acid fermentation differ from alcohol fermentation?
[a]
In lactic acid fermentation:
- Pyruvate is directly reduced to lactic acid.
- NADH is oxidized to regenerate NAD+.
- Unlike alcohol fermentation, no CO2 is released.
- Occurs in animals, in muscle tissue under anaerobic conditions
- Occurs in a variety of bacteria, including those involved in culturing yogurt from milk.
[q json=”true” yy=”4″ unit=”3.Cellular_Energetics” dataset_id=”AP_Bio_Flashcards_2022|2f1b6c123d45″ question_number=”206″ topic=”3.6.Cellular_Respiration”] Why do organisms perform lactic acid fermentation during intense exercise?
[a]
During intense exercise, the oxygen supply is insufficient for aerobic respiration. Lactic acid fermentation allows glycolysis to continue by regenerating NAD+, providing 2 ATP per glucose as a temporary energy source.
[q json=”true” yy=”4″ unit=”3.Cellular_Energetics” dataset_id=”AP_Bio_Flashcards_2022|2h1b8c123d45″ question_number=”208″ topic=”3.6.Cellular_Respiration”] What are the main byproducts of fermentation, and how do they differ between alcohol and lactic acid fermentation?
[a]
- Alcohol Fermentation: Ethanol and CO2.
- Lactic Acid Fermentation: Lactic acid only (no CO2).
[x][restart]
[/qdeck]
4. Tackle this Quiz
[qwiz random = “true” qrecord_id=”sciencemusicvideosMeister1961-Anaerobic Respiration Quiz, APBVP”]
[h]Fermentation and Anaerobic Respiration
[i]
[q]Which letter or number represents glycolysis?
[textentry single_char=”true”]
[c]QQ ==[Qq]
[f]IFllcy4g4oCcQeKAncKgcmVwcmVzZW50cyBnbHljb2x5c2lzLg==[Qq]
[c]Kg==[Qq]
[f]Tm8uIEhlcmUmIzgyMTc7cyBhIGhpbnQuIEdseWNvbHlzaXMgaXMgdGhlIHBhcnQgb2YgZmVybWVudGF0aW9uLCB3aGljaCBwcm9kdWNlcyB1c2VmdWwgZW5lcmd5IGZvciB0aGUgY2VsbC4gV2hlcmUgZG8geW91IHNlZSB1c2VmdWwgZW5lcmd5IGJlaW5nIHByb2R1Y2VkPw==
Cg==[Qq]
[q]Which letter or number represents a process that removes a carboxyl group from pyruvic acid?
[textentry single_char=”true”]
[c]Qg ==[Qq]
[f]IFllcy4gSW4gc3RlcCDigJxC4oCdwqBhIGNhcmJveHlsIGdyb3VwIGlzIHJlbW92ZWQgZnJvbSBweXJ1dmljIGFjaWQsIHdoaWNoIGV4aXRzIHRoZSBzeXN0ZW0gYXMgQ08=Mg==[Qq]
[c]Kg==[Qq]
[f]Tm8uIEhlcmUmIzgyMTc7cyBhIGhpbnQuwqBBIGNhcmJveHlsIGdyb3VwIGlzIGEgY2FyYm9uIGJvbmRlZCB0byB0d28gb3h5Z2VuIGF0b21zICh3aXRoIG9uZSBvZiB0aGUgYm9uZHMgYmVpbmcgYSBkb3VibGUgYm9uZCkuIFdoZW4gY2FyYm94eWwgaXMgcmVtb3ZlZCwgYSBtb2xlY3VsZSBvZiBDTw==Mg==IGlzIGZvcm1lZC4gV2hlcmUgZG8geW91IHNlZSBDTw==Mg==IGxlYXZpbmcgdGhlIHN5c3RlbT8=
[Qq][q]Which letter or number represents a redox (oxidation/reduction) reaction?
[textentry single_char=”true”]
[c]Qw ==[Qq]
[f]IFllcy4gSW4gc3RlcCDigJxD4oCdwqBhY2V0YWxkZWh5ZGUgKG1vbGVjdWxlIDMpIGlzIHJlZHVjZWQgc28gdGhhdCBOQURIIGNhbiBiZSBveGlkaXplZCB0byBOQUQ=Kw==LiBUaGlzIHJlZ2VuZXJhdGVzIE5BRA==Kw==IHNvIHRoYXQgZ2x5Y29seXNpcyBjYW4gY29udGludWUgdG8gZnVuY3Rpb24u[Qq]
[c]Kg==[Qq]
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Cg==[Qq]
[q]The biological purpose of the reactions below is to generate _________ so that glycolysis can continue.
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Cg==[Qq][f]Tm8sIGJ1dCB0aGlzIGNvdWxkIGhhdmUgYmVlbiBhIGNsZXZlciBhbnN3ZXIgaWYgeW91IHdlcmUgdGhpbmtpbmcgdGhhdCBBVFAgaXMgcmVxdWlyZWQgZHVyaW5nIHRoZSAmIzgyMjA7aW52ZXN0bWVudCYjODIyMTsgcGhhc2Ugb2YgZ2x5Y29seXNpcy4gVGhpbmsgb2YgYSBtb2xlY3VsZSB0aGF0IGlzIHJlcXVpcmVkIGZvciB0aGUgcmVkb3ggcmVhY3Rpb25zIHRoYXQgb2NjdXIgZHVyaW5nIHRoZSAmIzgyMjA7aGFydmVzdCYjODIyMTsgcGhhc2Ugb2YgZ2x5Y29seXNpcyB0byBwcm9jZWVkLg==[Qq]
[f]Tm8uIEdseWNvbHlzaXMgcHJvZHVjZXMgcHlydXZhdGUgYW5kIGRvZXNuJiM4MjE3O3QgcmVxdWlyZSBpdC4gVGhpbmsgb2YgYSBtb2xlY3VsZSB0aGF0IGlzIHJlcXVpcmVkIGZvciB0aGUgcmVkb3ggcmVhY3Rpb25zIHRoYXQgb2NjdXIgZHVyaW5nIHRoZSAmIzgyMjA7aGFydmVzdCYjODIyMTsgcGhhc2Ugb2YgZ2x5Y29seXNpcyB0byBwcm9jZWVkLg==[Qq]
[f]Tm8uIEdseWNvbHlzaXMgcHJvZHVjZXMgTkFESCBhbmQgZG9lc24mIzgyMTc7dCByZXF1aXJlIGl0LiBUaGluayBvZiBhIG1vbGVjdWxlIHRoYXQgaXMgcmVxdWlyZWQgZm9yIHRoZSByZWRveCByZWFjdGlvbnMgdGhhdCBvY2N1ciBkdXJpbmcgdGhlICYjODIyMDtoYXJ2ZXN0JiM4MjIxOyBwaGFzZSBvZiBnbHljb2x5c2lzIHRvIHByb2NlZWQu[Qq]
[f]WWVzLiBOQUQ=Kw==IGlzIHJlcXVpcmVkIGZvciB0aGUgcmVkb3ggcmVhY3Rpb25zIHRoYXQgb2NjdXIgZHVyaW5nIHRoZSAmIzgyMjA7aGFydmVzdCYjODIyMTsgcGhhc2Ugb2YgZ2x5Y29seXNpcyB0byBwcm9jZWVkLg==[Qq]
[f]Tm8uIEFsY29ob2wgZmVybWVudGF0aW9uIHByb2R1Y2VzIENPMg==IGFuZCBkb2VzbiYjODIxNzt0IHJlcXVpcmUgaXQuIFRoaW5rIG9mIGEgbW9sZWN1bGUgdGhhdCBpcyByZXF1aXJlZCBmb3IgdGhlIHJlZG94IHJlYWN0aW9ucyB0aGF0IG9jY3VyIGR1cmluZyB0aGUgJiM4MjIwO2hhcnZlc3QmIzgyMjE7IHBoYXNlIG9mIGdseWNvbHlzaXMgdG8gcHJvY2VlZC4=
Cg==[Qq]
[q]Which letter or number represents glucose?
[textentry single_char=”true”]
[c]MQ ==[Qq]
[f]IFllcy4gR2x1Y29zZSBpcyBudW1iZXIgMS4=[Qq]
[c]Kg==[Qq]
[f]Tm8uIEhlcmUmIzgyMTc7cyBhIGhpbnQuwqBXaGF0JiM4MjE3O3MgdGhlIHN0YXJ0aW5nIHN1YnN0cmF0ZSBmb3IgZ2x5Y29seXNpcz8=
Cg==[Qq]
[q]Which letter or number represents pyruvic acid?
[textentry single_char=”true”]
[c]Mg ==[Qq]
[f]IFllcy4gUHlydXZpYyBhY2lkIGlzIG51bWJlciAyLg==[Qq]
[c]Kg==[Qq]
[f]Tm8uIEhlcmUmIzgyMTc7cyBhIGhpbnQuwqBXaGF0IGlzIHRoZSAzIGNhcmJvbiBtb2xlY3VsZSB0aGF0IGNvbWVzIG91dCBvZiBnbHljb2x5c2lzPw==
Cg==[Qq]
[q]Which letter or number represents ethanol?
[textentry single_char=”true”]
[c]NA ==[Qq]
[f]IFllcy4gRXRoYW5vbMKgaXMgbnVtYmVyIDQu[Qq]
[c]Kg==[Qq]
[f]Tm8uIEhlcmUmIzgyMTc7cyBhIGhpbnQuIFdoYXQgbW9sZWN1bGUgcmVzdWx0cyBhZnRlciBweXJ1dmljIGFjaWQgKG51bWJlciAyKSBpcyBtb2RpZmllZCBieSBlbnp5bWVzIGluIHN1Y2ggYSB3YXkgdGhhdCBpdCBmaXJzdCBsb3NlcyBDTw==Mg==IGFuZMKgdGhlbiBnZXRzIGNoZW1pY2FsbHkgcmVkdWNlZD8=
Cg==[Qq]
[q]Of the molecules listed below, the only one that results from alcohol fermentation that can directly power cellular work is
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[f]Tm8uIFB5cnV2YXRlIGNhbiBzZXJ2ZSBhcyBhIGZ1ZWwgZm9yIHNvbWUgb2YgdGhlIHJlYWN0aW9ucyBvZiBjZWxsdWxhciByZXNwaXJhdGlvbiwgYnV0IGNhbiYjODIxNzt0IGRpcmVjdGx5IHBvd2VyIGNlbGx1bGFyIHdvcmsuIFdoYXQgbW9sZWN1bGUgY2FuPw==[Qq]
[f]Tm8uIE5BREgsIGFuIGVsZWN0cm9uIGNhcnJpZXIsIGNhbiBwb3dlciBBVFAgc3ludGhlc2lzIGluIG94aWRhdGl2ZSBwaG9zcGhvcnlsYXRpb24uIEJ1dCB0aGF0JiM4MjE3O3Mgbm90IGEgcGFydCBvZiBhbGNvaG9sIGZlcm1lbnRhdGlvbiwgYW5kIGl0IGNhbiYjODIxNzt0IGRpcmVjdGx5IHBvd2VyIGNlbGx1bGFyIHdvcmsuIFdoYXQgbW9sZWN1bGUgY2FuPw==[Qq]
[f]Tm8uwqBOQUQ=Kw==IGlzIHJlcXVpcmVkIHRvIGtlZXAgZ2x5Y29seXNpcyAoYW5kIGFsY29ob2wgZmVybWVudGF0aW9uIGdvaW5nKSwgYnV0IGl0JiM4MjE3O3MgYW4gb3hpZGl6ZWQgbW9sZWN1bGUgdGhhdCBjYW4mIzgyMTc7dCBwb3dlciB3b3JrLiBXaGF0IG1vbGVjdWxlIGNhbj8=[Qq]
[f]Tm8uIEFsY29ob2wgaGFzIGxvdHMgb2YgY2hlbWljYWwgZW5lcmd5LCBidXQgaXQmIzgyMTc7cyBhIHdhc3RlIHByb2R1Y3Qgb2YgZmVybWVudGF0aW9uLCBhbmQgY2FuJiM4MjE3O3QgZGlyZWN0bHkgcG93ZXIgY2VsbHVsYXIgd29yay4gV2hhdCBtb2xlY3VsZSBjYW4/
Cg==[Qq]
[q]The reaction responsible for filling the balloon in the flask on the right is…
[textentry single_char=”true”]
[c]Qg ==[Qq]
[f]IFllcy7CoFRoZSByZWFjdGlvbiBhdCAmIzgyMjA7QiYjODIyMTsgcHJvZHVjZXMgdGhlIENPMg==IHRoYXQgZmlsbHMgdGhlIGJhbGxvb24uIFRoaXMgcHJvZHVjdGlvbiBvZiBDTw==Mg==IGR1cmluZyBhbGNvaG9sIGZlcm1lbnRhdGlvbiBpcyByZXNwb25zaWJsZSBmb3IgdGhlIGJ1YmJsZXMgaW4gYmVlciwgYnJlYWQsIGFuZCBjaGFtcGFnbmUu[Qq]
[c]Kg==[Qq]
[f]Tm8uIEhlcmUmIzgyMTc7cyBhIGhpbnQuIExvb2sgZm9yIGEgcmVhY3Rpb24gd2hlcmUgdGhlIGdhc8KgQ08=Mg==wqBpcyBwcm9kdWNlZC4=
Cg==[Qq]
[q]Which letter or number represents pyruvic acid?
[textentry single_char=”true”]
[c]Mg ==[Qq]
[f]IFllcy4gUHlydXZpYyBhY2lkIGlzIG51bWJlciAyLg==[Qq]
[c]Kg==[Qq]
[f]Tm8uIEhlcmUmIzgyMTc7cyBhIGhpbnQuwqBXaGF0IGlzIHRoZSAzIGNhcmJvbiBtb2xlY3VsZSB0aGF0IGNvbWVzIG91dCBvZiBnbHljb2x5c2lzPw==
Cg==[Qq]
[q]Which letter or number represents lactic acid?
[textentry single_char=”true”]
[c]Mw ==[Qq]
[f]IFllcy4gTGFjdGljwqBhY2lkIGlzIG51bWJlciAzLg==[Qq]
[c]Kg==[Qq]
[f]Tm8uIEhlcmUmIzgyMTc7cyBhIGhpbnQuIExhY3RpYyBhY2lkIHJlc3VsdHMgd2hlbiBweXJ1dmljIGFjaWQgKGF0ICYjODIyMDsyJiM4MjIxOykgZ2V0cyByZWR1Y2VkLiBXaGljaCBtb2xlY3VsZSBsb29rcyBsaWtlIGEgcmVkdWNlZCB2ZXJzaW9uIG9mIHB5cnV2aWMgYWNpZD8=
Cg==[Qq]
[q]Which letter or number represents glucose?
[textentry single_char=”true”]
[c]MQ ==[Qq]
[f]IFllcy4gR2x1Y29zZSBpcyBudW1iZXIgMS4=[Qq]
[c]Kg==[Qq]
[f]Tm8uIEhlcmUmIzgyMTc7cyBhIGhpbnQuwqBXaGF0JiM4MjE3O3MgdGhlIHN0YXJ0aW5nIHN1YnN0cmF0ZSBmb3IgZ2x5Y29seXNpcz8=
Cg==[Qq]
[q]What type of fermentation is being shown below?
[c]YWxjb2hvbMKg IMKgIMKgIMKg[Qq][c]bGFjdGljIGFjaWQ=
Cg==[Qq][f]WWVzLsKgVGhlIHR3byBjbHVlcyB0aGF0IGluZGljYXRlIHRoYXQgdGhpcyBpcyBhbiBhbGNvaG9sIGZlcm1lbnRhdGlvbiBhcmXCoHRoZSBwcm9kdWN0aW9uIG9mIENPMg==IGluIHN0ZXAgJiM4MjIwO0IsJiM4MjIxOyBhbmQgdGhlIHByb2R1Y3Rpb24gb2YgdGhlIGhpZ2hseSByZWR1Y2VkIHR3by1jYXJib24gbW9sZWN1bGUgZXRoYW5vbCAoQw==Mg==SA==[Qq]6O), which is molecule 4.
[f]Tm8uwqBMYWN0aWMgYWNpZCBmZXJtZW50YXRpb24gZG9lc24mIzgyMTc7dCBwcm9kdWNlIGFueSBDTw==Mg==ICh3aGljaCBpcyBvY2N1cnJpbmcgaW4gc3RlcCAmIzgyMjA7QiYjODIyMTspIGFuZCBpdCByZXN1bHRzIGluIGxhY3RhdGUgKGxhY3RpYyBhY2lkKSB3aGljaCBpcyBhIHRocmVlLWNhcmJvbiBtb2xlY3VsZS4=
Cg==[Qq]
[q]What type of fermentation is being shown below?
[c]YWxjb2hvbMKgIMKgIMKgIMKg[Qq][c]bGFjdGlj IGFjaWQ=
Cg==[Qq][f]Tm8uIEFsY29ob2wgZmVybWVudGF0aW9uIHByb2R1Y2VzwqAgQ08=MsKgYW5kIHByb2R1Y2VzIGV0aGFub2wgKEM=Mg==SA==[Qq]6O) as a waste product.
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Cg==[Qq]
[q]What type of fermentation occurs in animal cells when there’s not enough oxygen for oxidative phosphorylation of ADP to ATP?
[c]YWxjb2hvbMKgIMKgIMKgIMKg[Qq][c]bGFjdGlj IGFjaWQ=
Cg==[Qq][f]Tm8uIEFsY29ob2wgZmVybWVudGF0aW9uIGlzIHR5cGljYWxseSBhc3NvY2lhdGVkIHdpdGggeWVhc3QgY2VsbHMu[Qq]
[f]WWVzLsKgTGFjdGljIGFjaWQgZmVybWVudGF0aW9uIG9jY3VycyBpbiBhbmltYWwgY2VsbHMgd2hlbiB0aGVyZSYjODIxNztzIG5vdCBlbm91Z2ggb3h5Z2VuIGZvciBveGlkYXRpdmUgcGhvc3Bob3J5bGF0aW9uIG9mIEFEUCB0byBBVFAu
Cg==[Qq]
[q]Which letter or number shows a redox (oxidation/reduction) reaction?
[textentry single_char=”true”]
[c]Qg ==[Qq]
[f]IFllcy4gU3RlcCAmIzgyMjA7QiYjODIyMTsgc2hvd3MgaG93IHB5cnV2aWMgYWNpZCBpcyByZWR1Y2VkIHRvIGxhY3RpYyBhY2lkIGFzIE5BREggaXMgb3hpZGl6ZWQgdG8gTkFEKw==Lg==[Qq]
[c]Kg==[Qq]
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Cg==[Qq]
[q]In cells, fermentation occurs in
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[c]bHlzb3NvbWVz[Qq]
[c]dGhlIGN5dG 9wbGFzbQ==[Qq]
[c]dGhlIG51Y2xldXM=[Qq]
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[f]WWVzLsKgRmVybWVudGF0aW9uIGlzIGNhcnJpZWQgb3V0IGJ5IGVuenltZXMgaW4gdGhlIGN5dG9wbGFzbS4=[Qq]
[f]Tm8uIFRoZSBudWNsZXVzIGlzIHdoZXJlIGdlbmV0aWMgaW5mb3JtYXRpb24gaXMgc3RvcmVkLg==
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[q]Activities that can be sustained indefinitely (or, at least for a very long time) are
[c]ZnVu[Qq]
[c]YWVyb2 JpYw==[Qq]
[c]YW5hZXJvYmlj[Qq]
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[q topic= “aerobic_and_anaerobic_respiration”]When food is broken down for energy in cells with oxygen, the process is
[c]IGFlcm 9iaWM=[Qq]
[c]IGFuYWVyb2JpYw==[Qq]
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[q topic= “aerobic_and_anaerobic_respiration”]Breakdown of food for energy WITHOUT oxygen is called
[c]IGFlcm9iaWM=[Qq]
[c]IGFuYWVy b2JpYw==[Qq]
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[q topic= “aerobic_and_anaerobic_respiration”]You’re riding your bike on a flat road. The pace is nice and easy. You could do it all day. Your production of ATP is
[c]IGFlcm 9iaWM=[Qq]
[c]IGFuYWVyb2JpYw==[Qq]
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[q topic= “aerobic_and_anaerobic_respiration”]You’re lifting weights. After ten repetitions, your muscles start to burn, and you’re having more and more difficulty lifting the weight. Your production of ATP is
[c]IGFlcm9iaWM=[Qq]
[c]IGFuYWVy b2JpYw==[Qq]
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[q topic= “aerobic_and_anaerobic_respiration”]When humans and other animals perform anaerobic respiration, one of the byproducts is
[c]IGdsdWNvc2U=[Qq]
[c]IG94eWdlbg==[Qq]
[c]IGNhcmJvbiBkaW94aWRl[Qq]
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[q topic= “aerobic_and_anaerobic_respiration”]Lactic acid fermentation is a form of _____________ respiration.
[c]IGFlcm9iaWM=[Qq]
[c]IGFuYWVy b2JpYw==[Qq]
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[q topic= “aerobic_and_anaerobic_respiration”]Yogurt is sour because the bacteria used to create yogurt from milk create
[c]IGFsY29ob2w=[Qq]
[c]IGdsdWNvc2U=[Qq]
[c]IGxhY3Rp YyBhY2lk[Qq]
[c]IGNhcmJvbiBkaW94aWRl[Qq]
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[q topic= “aerobic_and_anaerobic_respiration”]Beer and wine are made through
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[c]IGxhY3RpYyBhY2lkIGZlcm1lbnRhdGlvbg==[Qq]
[c]IGFlcm9iaWMgcmVzcGlyYXRpb24=[Qq]
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[f]IE5vLiBMYWN0aWMgYWNpZCBmZXJtZW50YXRpb24gb2NjdXJzIHVuZGVyIGFuYWVyb2JpYyBjb25kaXRpb25zIGluIGFuaW1hbCBtdXNjbGUgdGlzc3VlLCBhbmQgaW4gY2VydGFpbiBiYWN0ZXJpYSB0aGF0IGZlcm1lbnQgbWlsayBzdWdhcnMgdG8gbGFjdGljIGFjaWQu[Qq]
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[q topic= “aerobic_and_anaerobic_respiration”]The bubbles in beer are made of
[c]IGFsY29ob2w=[Qq]
[c]IGNhcmJvbi BkaW94aWRl[Qq]
[c]IG94eWdlbg==[Qq]
[c]IGxhY3RpYyBhY2lk[Qq]
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[q topic= “aerobic_and_anaerobic_respiration”]Yeast are placed in a flask containing sugar and water. A balloon is placed over the mouth of the flask. Several hours later, the balloon has inflated. What happened?
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[q topic= “aerobic_and_anaerobic_respiration”]Alcoholic fermentation is a form of
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[c]IHBob3Rvc3ludGhlc2lzLg==[Qq]
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[q topic= “aerobic_and_anaerobic_respiration”]Aerobic respiration requires
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[c]IG94eW dlbi4=[Qq]
[c]IGxhY3RpYyBhY2lkLg==[Qq]
[c]IGFsY29ob2wu[Qq]
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[q topic= “aerobic_and_anaerobic_respiration”]The release of energy from food molecules in the absence of oxygen is
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[c]IHByb3RlaW4gc3ludGhlc2lz[Qq]
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[q topic= “aerobic_and_anaerobic_respiration”]The processes of fermentation and aerobic respiration are similar in that both produce
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[c]IGNhcmJvbiBkaW94aWRlIGFuZCBhbGNvaG9s[Qq]
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[x][restart]
[/qwiz]
What’s Next?
Please proceed to the next tutorial: Photosynthesis, The Big Picture