For a deeper dive into this material, go to Topic 3.6, Part 5: Anaerobic Respiration and Fermentation
1. Watch this Video
2. Study this Summary
Comparing Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration
- Aerobic Respiration:
- Requires oxygen and includes glycolysis, the link reaction, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain.
- Location: Primarily in the mitochondria.
- ATP Yield: Approximately 32 ATP per glucose.
- Most ATP is generated in the electron transport chain, with a small amount from glycolysis.
- Anaerobic Respiration:
- Occurs without oxygen or in organisms lacking the enzymes for aerobic respiration.
- Key Processes: Glycolysis followed by fermentation.
- Location: Entirely in the cytoplasm; the mitochondria are not involved.
- ATP Yield: Only 2 ATP per glucose.
What is Fermentation and Why Does It Occur?
- Definition: Fermentation is glycolysis followed by reactions that regenerate NAD⁺.
- Why regenerate NAD⁺? Glycolysis requires NAD⁺ to function, and fermentation ensures its availability when oxygen is lacking.
- Function: Fermentation allows organisms to continue producing 2 ATP per glucose under anaerobic conditions, which is better than no ATP.
- Examples:
- Animals perform lactic acid fermentation during intense activity when oxygen is insufficient.
- Yeast and certain microbes perform alcohol fermentation.
Alcohol vs. Lactic Acid Fermentation
- Alcohol Fermentation (Ethanol Fermentation):
- Organism: Yeast (e.g., during bread baking or beer production).
- Process:
- CO₂ is removed from pyruvate, forming acetaldehyde.
- Acetaldehyde is reduced to ethanol, regenerating NAD⁺ as NADH is oxidized.
- Byproducts:
- CO₂: Creates bubbles in beer and bread.
- Ethanol: Found in alcoholic beverages.
- Lactic Acid Fermentation:
- Organism: Animals (e.g., in muscle tissue during anaerobic conditions).
- Process:
- Pyruvate is reduced to lactic acid, regenerating NAD⁺ as NADH is oxidized.
- Byproduct: Lactic acid, which can accumulate in muscles during intense exercise.
Key Takeaways
- Aerobic respiration is far more efficient, producing ~32 ATP, while anaerobic respiration only yields 2 ATP per glucose.
- Fermentation allows glycolysis to continue under anaerobic conditions by regenerating NAD⁺.
- Alcohol fermentation produces ethanol and CO₂, while lactic acid fermentation produces lactic acid.
3. Master these Flashcards
[qdeck style=”width: 600px !important; min-height: 450px !important;” bold_text=”false” random=”true”]
[h]Anaerobic Respiration and Fermentation
[q json=”true” yy=”4″ unit=”3.Cellular_Energetics” dataset_id=”AP_Bio_Flashcards_2022|2a1b1c123d45″ question_number=”201″ topic=”3.6.Cellular_Respiration”] Compare aerobic and anaerobic respiration in terms of oxygen requirements, processes, and ATP yield.
[a]
Aerobic Respiration:
- Requires oxygen.
- Includes glycolysis, link reaction, Krebs cycle, and electron transport chain.
- Generates approximately 32 ATP per glucose.
Anaerobic Respiration:
- Does not require oxygen.
- Involves glycolysis followed by fermentation.
- Generates only 2 ATP per glucose.
[q json=”true” yy=”4″ unit=”3.Cellular_Energetics” dataset_id=”AP_Bio_Flashcards_2022|2b1b2c123d45″ question_number=”202″ topic=”3.6.Cellular_Respiration”] Why is fermentation necessary under anaerobic conditions?
[a]
Fermentation regenerates NAD+, which is required for glycolysis to continue. Without NAD+, glycolysis cannot produce the 2 ATP per glucose that organisms rely on during anaerobic respiration.
[q json=”true” yy=”4″ unit=”3.Cellular_Energetics” dataset_id=”AP_Bio_Flashcards_2022|2c1b3c123d45″ question_number=”203″ topic=”3.6.Cellular_Respiration”] What are the two main types of fermentation, and which organisms perform them?
[a]
Alcohol Fermentation: Performed by yeast and some microbes. Produces ethanol and CO2.
Lactic Acid Fermentation: Performed by animals (e.g., in muscle tissue during anaerobic conditions). Also performed by certain bacteria (such as those involved in creating yogurt). Produces lactic acid.
[q json=”true” yy=”4″ unit=”3.Cellular_Energetics” dataset_id=”AP_Bio_Flashcards_2022|2d1b4c123d45″ question_number=”204″ topic=”3.6.Cellular_Respiration”] How does alcohol fermentation work, and what are its byproducts?
[a]
1. Enzymes remove a CO2 from Pyruvate, forming acetaldehyde. The CO2 is a waste product.
2. Acetaldehyde is reduced to ethanol, oxidizing NADH to regenerate NAD+.
Byproducts: Ethanol and CO2 (e.g., bubbles in beer and bread).
[q json=”true” yy=”4″ unit=”3.Cellular_Energetics” dataset_id=”AP_Bio_Flashcards_2022|2e1b5c123d45″ question_number=”205″ topic=”3.6.Cellular_Respiration”] How does lactic acid fermentation differ from alcohol fermentation?
[a]
In lactic acid fermentation:
- Pyruvate is directly reduced to lactic acid.
- NADH is oxidized to regenerate NAD+.
- Occurs in animals, especially in muscle tissue under anaerobic conditions.
Unlike alcohol fermentation, no CO2 is released.
[q json=”true” yy=”4″ unit=”3.Cellular_Energetics” dataset_id=”AP_Bio_Flashcards_2022|2f1b6c123d45″ question_number=”206″ topic=”3.6.Cellular_Respiration”] Why do organisms perform lactic acid fermentation during intense exercise?
[a]
During intense exercise, the oxygen supply is insufficient for aerobic respiration. Lactic acid fermentation allows glycolysis to continue by regenerating NAD+, providing 2 ATP per glucose as a temporary energy source.
[q json=”true” yy=”4″ unit=”3.Cellular_Energetics” dataset_id=”AP_Bio_Flashcards_2022|2g1b7c123d45″ question_number=”207″ topic=”3.6.Cellular_Respiration”] What is the main difference in ATP yield between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
[a]
Aerobic Respiration: Produces ~32 ATP per glucose (the maximum yield is up to 38, but 30 – 32 is a more realistic range)
Anaerobic Respiration: Produces only 2 ATP per glucose.
[q json=”true” yy=”4″ unit=”3.Cellular_Energetics” dataset_id=”AP_Bio_Flashcards_2022|2h1b8c123d45″ question_number=”208″ topic=”3.6.Cellular_Respiration”] What are the main byproducts of fermentation, and how do they differ between alcohol and lactic acid fermentation?
[a]
Alcohol Fermentation: Ethanol and CO2.
Lactic Acid Fermentation: Lactic acid only (no CO2).
[x][restart]
[/qdeck]
4. Tackle this Quiz
[qwiz random = “true”]
[h]Fermentation and Anaerobic Respiration
[i]
[q]Which letter or number represents glycolysis?
[textentry single_char=”true”]
[c]QQ ==[Qq]
[f]IFllcy4g4oCcQeKAncKgcmVwcmVzZW50cyBnbHljb2x5c2lzLg==[Qq]
[c]Kg==[Qq]
[f]Tm8uIEhlcmUmIzgyMTc7cyBhIGhpbnQuIEdseWNvbHlzaXMgaXMgdGhlIHBhcnQgb2YgZmVybWVudGF0aW9uLCB3aGljaCBwcm9kdWNlcyB1c2VmdWwgZW5lcmd5IGZvciB0aGUgY2VsbC4gV2hlcmUgZG8geW91IHNlZSB1c2VmdWwgZW5lcmd5IGJlaW5nIHByb2R1Y2VkPw==
Cg==[Qq]
[q]Which letter or number represents a process that removes a carboxyl group from pyruvic acid?
[textentry single_char=”true”]
[c]Qg ==[Qq]
[f]IFllcy4gSW4gc3RlcCDigJxC4oCdwqBhIGNhcmJveHlsIGdyb3VwIGlzIHJlbW92ZWQgZnJvbSBweXJ1dmljIGFjaWQsIHdoaWNoIGV4aXRzIHRoZSBzeXN0ZW0gYXMgQ08=Mg==[Qq]
[c]Kg==[Qq]
[f]Tm8uIEhlcmUmIzgyMTc7cyBhIGhpbnQuwqBBIGNhcmJveHlsIGdyb3VwIGlzIGEgY2FyYm9uIGJvbmRlZCB0byB0d28gb3h5Z2VuIGF0b21zICh3aXRoIG9uZSBvZiB0aGUgYm9uZHMgYmVpbmcgYSBkb3VibGUgYm9uZCkuIFdoZW4gY2FyYm94eWwgaXMgcmVtb3ZlZCwgYSBtb2xlY3VsZSBvZiBDTw==Mg==IGlzIGZvcm1lZC4gV2hlcmUgZG8geW91IHNlZSBDTw==Mg==IGxlYXZpbmcgdGhlIHN5c3RlbT8=
[Qq][q]Which letter or number represents a redox (oxidation/reduction) reaction?
[textentry single_char=”true”]
[c]Qw ==[Qq]
[f]IFllcy4gSW4gc3RlcCDigJxD4oCdwqBhY2V0YWxkZWh5ZGUgKG1vbGVjdWxlIDMpIGlzIHJlZHVjZWQgc28gdGhhdCBOQURIIGNhbiBiZSBveGlkaXplZCB0byBOQUQ=Kw==LiBUaGlzIHJlZ2VuZXJhdGVzIE5BRA==Kw==IHNvIHRoYXQgZ2x5Y29seXNpcyBjYW4gY29udGludWUgdG8gZnVuY3Rpb24u[Qq]
[c]Kg==[Qq]
[f]Tm8uIEhlcmUmIzgyMTc7cyBhIGhpbnQuwqBUbyBmaW5kIGEgcmVkb3ggKG94aWRhdGlvbi9yZWR1Y3Rpb24pIHJlYWN0aW9uLCBsb29rIGZvciBhIHBsYWNlIHdoZXJlIG1vbGVjdWxlcyBhcmUgZ2FpbmluZyBvciBsb3NpbmcgaHlkcm9nZW4gYXRvbXMgKGFsb25nIHdpdGggZWxlY3Ryb25zLCB3aGljaCBjYW4gYmUgaGFyZGVyIHRvIHRyYWNrIGluIGEgZGlhZ3JhbSBsaWtlIHRoZSBvbmUgYWJvdmUpLg==
Cg==[Qq]
[q]The biological purpose of the reactions below is to generate _________ so that glycolysis can continue.
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Cg==[Qq][f]Tm8sIGJ1dCB0aGlzIGNvdWxkIGhhdmUgYmVlbiBhIGNsZXZlciBhbnN3ZXIgaWYgeW91IHdlcmUgdGhpbmtpbmcgdGhhdCBBVFAgaXMgcmVxdWlyZWQgZHVyaW5nIHRoZSAmIzgyMjA7aW52ZXN0bWVudCYjODIyMTsgcGhhc2Ugb2YgZ2x5Y29seXNpcy4gVGhpbmsgb2YgYSBtb2xlY3VsZSB0aGF0IGlzIHJlcXVpcmVkIGZvciB0aGUgcmVkb3ggcmVhY3Rpb25zIHRoYXQgb2NjdXIgZHVyaW5nIHRoZSAmIzgyMjA7aGFydmVzdCYjODIyMTsgcGhhc2Ugb2YgZ2x5Y29seXNpcyB0byBwcm9jZWVkLg==[Qq]
[f]Tm8uIEdseWNvbHlzaXMgcHJvZHVjZXMgcHlydXZhdGUgYW5kIGRvZXNuJiM4MjE3O3QgcmVxdWlyZSBpdC4gVGhpbmsgb2YgYSBtb2xlY3VsZSB0aGF0IGlzIHJlcXVpcmVkIGZvciB0aGUgcmVkb3ggcmVhY3Rpb25zIHRoYXQgb2NjdXIgZHVyaW5nIHRoZSAmIzgyMjA7aGFydmVzdCYjODIyMTsgcGhhc2Ugb2YgZ2x5Y29seXNpcyB0byBwcm9jZWVkLg==[Qq]
[f]Tm8uIEdseWNvbHlzaXMgcHJvZHVjZXMgTkFESCBhbmQgZG9lc24mIzgyMTc7dCByZXF1aXJlIGl0LiBUaGluayBvZiBhIG1vbGVjdWxlIHRoYXQgaXMgcmVxdWlyZWQgZm9yIHRoZSByZWRveCByZWFjdGlvbnMgdGhhdCBvY2N1ciBkdXJpbmcgdGhlICYjODIyMDtoYXJ2ZXN0JiM4MjIxOyBwaGFzZSBvZiBnbHljb2x5c2lzIHRvIHByb2NlZWQu[Qq]
[f]WWVzLiBOQUQ=Kw==IGlzIHJlcXVpcmVkIGZvciB0aGUgcmVkb3ggcmVhY3Rpb25zIHRoYXQgb2NjdXIgZHVyaW5nIHRoZSAmIzgyMjA7aGFydmVzdCYjODIyMTsgcGhhc2Ugb2YgZ2x5Y29seXNpcyB0byBwcm9jZWVkLg==[Qq]
[f]Tm8uIEFsY29ob2wgZmVybWVudGF0aW9uIHByb2R1Y2VzIENPMg==IGFuZCBkb2VzbiYjODIxNzt0IHJlcXVpcmUgaXQuIFRoaW5rIG9mIGEgbW9sZWN1bGUgdGhhdCBpcyByZXF1aXJlZCBmb3IgdGhlIHJlZG94IHJlYWN0aW9ucyB0aGF0IG9jY3VyIGR1cmluZyB0aGUgJiM4MjIwO2hhcnZlc3QmIzgyMjE7IHBoYXNlIG9mIGdseWNvbHlzaXMgdG8gcHJvY2VlZC4=
Cg==[Qq]
[q]Which letter or number represents glucose?
[textentry single_char=”true”]
[c]MQ ==[Qq]
[f]IFllcy4gR2x1Y29zZSBpcyBudW1iZXIgMS4=[Qq]
[c]Kg==[Qq]
[f]Tm8uIEhlcmUmIzgyMTc7cyBhIGhpbnQuwqBXaGF0JiM4MjE3O3MgdGhlIHN0YXJ0aW5nIHN1YnN0cmF0ZSBmb3IgZ2x5Y29seXNpcz8=
Cg==[Qq]
[q]Which letter or number represents pyruvic acid?
[textentry single_char=”true”]
[c]Mg ==[Qq]
[f]IFllcy4gUHlydXZpYyBhY2lkIGlzIG51bWJlciAyLg==[Qq]
[c]Kg==[Qq]
[f]Tm8uIEhlcmUmIzgyMTc7cyBhIGhpbnQuwqBXaGF0IGlzIHRoZSAzIGNhcmJvbiBtb2xlY3VsZSB0aGF0IGNvbWVzIG91dCBvZiBnbHljb2x5c2lzPw==
Cg==[Qq]
[q]Which letter or number represents ethanol?
[textentry single_char=”true”]
[c]NA ==[Qq]
[f]IFllcy4gRXRoYW5vbMKgaXMgbnVtYmVyIDQu[Qq]
[c]Kg==[Qq]
[f]Tm8uIEhlcmUmIzgyMTc7cyBhIGhpbnQuIFdoYXQgbW9sZWN1bGUgcmVzdWx0cyBhZnRlciBweXJ1dmljIGFjaWQgKG51bWJlciAyKSBpcyBtb2RpZmllZCBieSBlbnp5bWVzIGluIHN1Y2ggYSB3YXkgdGhhdCBpdCBmaXJzdCBsb3NlcyBDTw==Mg==IGFuZMKgdGhlbiBnZXRzIGNoZW1pY2FsbHkgcmVkdWNlZD8=
Cg==[Qq]
[q]Of the molecules listed below, the only one that results from alcohol fermentation that can directly power cellular work is
[c]QVRQIMKgIM KgIMKgIA==[Qq][c]cHlydXZhdGUgwqAgwqAgwqA=[Qq][c]TkFESCDCoCDCoCDCoA==[Qq][c]TkFEKyDCoCDCoCDCoA==[Qq][c]YWxjb2hvbA==
Cg==[Qq][f]WWVzLiBBVFAgaXMgdGhlIGNlbGwmIzgyMTc7cyBlbmVyZ3kgY3VycmVuY3ksIGFuZCBpdCYjODIxNztzIHRoZSBtb2xlY3VsZSB1c2VkIHRvIGdldCB3b3JrIGRvbmUgZm9yIHRoZSBjZWxsLg==[Qq]
[f]Tm8uIFB5cnV2YXRlIGNhbiBzZXJ2ZSBhcyBhIGZ1ZWwgZm9yIHNvbWUgb2YgdGhlIHJlYWN0aW9ucyBvZiBjZWxsdWxhciByZXNwaXJhdGlvbiwgYnV0IGNhbiYjODIxNzt0IGRpcmVjdGx5IHBvd2VyIGNlbGx1bGFyIHdvcmsuIFdoYXQgbW9sZWN1bGUgY2FuPw==[Qq]
[f]Tm8uIE5BREgsIGFuIGVsZWN0cm9uIGNhcnJpZXIsIGNhbiBwb3dlciBBVFAgc3ludGhlc2lzIGluIG94aWRhdGl2ZSBwaG9zcGhvcnlsYXRpb24uIEJ1dCB0aGF0JiM4MjE3O3Mgbm90IGEgcGFydCBvZiBhbGNvaG9sIGZlcm1lbnRhdGlvbiwgYW5kIGl0IGNhbiYjODIxNzt0IGRpcmVjdGx5IHBvd2VyIGNlbGx1bGFyIHdvcmsuIFdoYXQgbW9sZWN1bGUgY2FuPw==[Qq]
[f]Tm8uwqBOQUQ=Kw==IGlzIHJlcXVpcmVkIHRvIGtlZXAgZ2x5Y29seXNpcyAoYW5kIGFsY29ob2wgZmVybWVudGF0aW9uIGdvaW5nKSwgYnV0IGl0JiM4MjE3O3MgYW4gb3hpZGl6ZWQgbW9sZWN1bGUgdGhhdCBjYW4mIzgyMTc7dCBwb3dlciB3b3JrLiBXaGF0IG1vbGVjdWxlIGNhbj8=[Qq]
[f]Tm8uIEFsY29ob2wgaGFzIGxvdHMgb2YgY2hlbWljYWwgZW5lcmd5LCBidXQgaXQmIzgyMTc7cyBhIHdhc3RlIHByb2R1Y3Qgb2YgZmVybWVudGF0aW9uLCBhbmQgY2FuJiM4MjE3O3QgZGlyZWN0bHkgcG93ZXIgY2VsbHVsYXIgd29yay4gV2hhdCBtb2xlY3VsZSBjYW4/
Cg==[Qq]
[q]The reaction responsible for filling the balloon in the flask on the right is…
[textentry single_char=”true”]
[c]Qg ==[Qq]
[f]IFllcy7CoFRoZSByZWFjdGlvbiBhdCAmIzgyMjA7QiYjODIyMTsgcHJvZHVjZXMgdGhlIENPMg==IHRoYXQgZmlsbHMgdGhlIGJhbGxvb24uIFRoaXMgcHJvZHVjdGlvbiBvZiBDTw==Mg==IGR1cmluZyBhbGNvaG9sIGZlcm1lbnRhdGlvbiBpcyByZXNwb25zaWJsZSBmb3IgdGhlIGJ1YmJsZXMgaW4gYmVlciwgYnJlYWQsIGFuZCBjaGFtcGFnbmUu[Qq]
[c]Kg==[Qq]
[f]Tm8uIEhlcmUmIzgyMTc7cyBhIGhpbnQuIExvb2sgZm9yIGEgcmVhY3Rpb24gd2hlcmUgdGhlIGdhc8KgQ08=Mg==wqBpcyBwcm9kdWNlZC4=
Cg==[Qq]
[q]Which letter or number represents pyruvic acid?
[textentry single_char=”true”]
[c]Mg ==[Qq]
[f]IFllcy4gUHlydXZpYyBhY2lkIGlzIG51bWJlciAyLg==[Qq]
[c]Kg==[Qq]
[f]Tm8uIEhlcmUmIzgyMTc7cyBhIGhpbnQuwqBXaGF0IGlzIHRoZSAzIGNhcmJvbiBtb2xlY3VsZSB0aGF0IGNvbWVzIG91dCBvZiBnbHljb2x5c2lzPw==
Cg==[Qq]
[q]Which letter or number represents lactic acid?
[textentry single_char=”true”]
[c]Mw ==[Qq]
[f]IFllcy4gTGFjdGljwqBhY2lkIGlzIG51bWJlciAzLg==[Qq]
[c]Kg==[Qq]
[f]Tm8uIEhlcmUmIzgyMTc7cyBhIGhpbnQuIExhY3RpYyBhY2lkIHJlc3VsdHMgd2hlbiBweXJ1dmljIGFjaWQgKGF0ICYjODIyMDsyJiM4MjIxOykgZ2V0cyByZWR1Y2VkLiBXaGljaCBtb2xlY3VsZSBsb29rcyBsaWtlIGEgcmVkdWNlZCB2ZXJzaW9uIG9mIHB5cnV2aWMgYWNpZD8=
Cg==[Qq]
[q]Which letter or number represents glucose?
[textentry single_char=”true”]
[c]MQ ==[Qq]
[f]IFllcy4gR2x1Y29zZSBpcyBudW1iZXIgMS4=[Qq]
[c]Kg==[Qq]
[f]Tm8uIEhlcmUmIzgyMTc7cyBhIGhpbnQuwqBXaGF0JiM4MjE3O3MgdGhlIHN0YXJ0aW5nIHN1YnN0cmF0ZSBmb3IgZ2x5Y29seXNpcz8=
Cg==[Qq]
[q]What type of fermentation is being shown below?
[c]YWxjb2hvbMKg IMKgIMKgIMKg[Qq][c]bGFjdGljIGFjaWQ=
Cg==[Qq][f]WWVzLsKgVGhlIHR3byBjbHVlcyB0aGF0IGluZGljYXRlIHRoYXQgdGhpcyBpcyBhbiBhbGNvaG9sIGZlcm1lbnRhdGlvbiBhcmXCoHRoZSBwcm9kdWN0aW9uIG9mIENPMg==IGluIHN0ZXAgJiM4MjIwO0IsJiM4MjIxOyBhbmQgdGhlIHByb2R1Y3Rpb24gb2YgdGhlIGhpZ2hseSByZWR1Y2VkIHR3by1jYXJib24gbW9sZWN1bGUgZXRoYW5vbCAoQw==Mg==SA==[Qq]6O), which is molecule 4.
[f]Tm8uwqBMYWN0aWMgYWNpZCBmZXJtZW50YXRpb24gZG9lc24mIzgyMTc7dCBwcm9kdWNlIGFueSBDTw==Mg==ICh3aGljaCBpcyBvY2N1cnJpbmcgaW4gc3RlcCAmIzgyMjA7QiYjODIyMTspIGFuZCBpdCByZXN1bHRzIGluIGxhY3RhdGUgKGxhY3RpYyBhY2lkKSB3aGljaCBpcyBhIHRocmVlLWNhcmJvbiBtb2xlY3VsZS4=
Cg==[Qq]
[q]What type of fermentation is being shown below?
[c]YWxjb2hvbMKgIMKgIMKgIMKg[Qq][c]bGFjdGlj IGFjaWQ=
Cg==[Qq][f]Tm8uIEFsY29ob2wgZmVybWVudGF0aW9uIHByb2R1Y2VzwqAgQ08=MsKgYW5kIHByb2R1Y2VzIGV0aGFub2wgKEM=Mg==SA==[Qq]6O) as a waste product.
[f]WWVzLiBUaGlzIGlzIExhY3RpYyBhY2lkIGZlcm1lbnRhdGlvbiwgYXMgeW91IGNhbiBzZWUgYnkgdGhlIGRpcmVjdCByZWR1Y3Rpb24gb2YgcHlydXZpYyBhY2lkIChtb2xlY3VsZSAmIzgyMjA7MiYjODIyMTspIHRvIGxhY3RpYyBhY2lkIChtb2xlY3VsZSAmIzgyMjA7MyYjODIyMTspIGluIHN0ZXAgJiM4MjIwO0ImIzgyMjE7
Cg==[Qq]
[q]What type of fermentation occurs in animal cells when there’s not enough oxygen for oxidative phosphorylation of ADP to ATP?
[c]YWxjb2hvbMKgIMKgIMKgIMKg[Qq][c]bGFjdGlj IGFjaWQ=
Cg==[Qq][f]Tm8uIEFsY29ob2wgZmVybWVudGF0aW9uIGlzIHR5cGljYWxseSBhc3NvY2lhdGVkIHdpdGggeWVhc3QgY2VsbHMu[Qq]
[f]WWVzLsKgTGFjdGljIGFjaWQgZmVybWVudGF0aW9uIG9jY3VycyBpbiBhbmltYWwgY2VsbHMgd2hlbiB0aGVyZSYjODIxNztzIG5vdCBlbm91Z2ggb3h5Z2VuIGZvciBveGlkYXRpdmUgcGhvc3Bob3J5bGF0aW9uIG9mIEFEUCB0byBBVFAu
Cg==[Qq]
[q]Which letter or number shows a redox (oxidation/reduction) reaction?
[textentry single_char=”true”]
[c]Qg ==[Qq]
[f]IFllcy4gU3RlcCAmIzgyMjA7QiYjODIyMTsgc2hvd3MgaG93IHB5cnV2aWMgYWNpZCBpcyByZWR1Y2VkIHRvIGxhY3RpYyBhY2lkIGFzIE5BREggaXMgb3hpZGl6ZWQgdG8gTkFEKw==Lg==[Qq]
[c]Kg==[Qq]
[f]Tm8uIEhlcmUmIzgyMTc7cyBhIGhpbnQuwqBUbyBmaW5kIGEgcmVkb3ggKG94aWRhdGlvbi9yZWR1Y3Rpb24pIHJlYWN0aW9uLCBsb29rIGZvciBhIHBsYWNlIHdoZXJlIG1vbGVjdWxlcyBhcmUgZ2FpbmluZyBvciBsb3NpbmcgaHlkcm9nZW4gYXRvbXMgKGFsb25nIHdpdGggZWxlY3Ryb25zLCB3aGljaCBjYW4gYmUgaGFyZGVyIHRvIHRyYWNrIGluIGEgZGlhZ3JhbSBsaWtlIHRoZSBvbmUgYWJvdmUpLg==
Cg==[Qq]
[q]In cells, fermentation occurs in
[c]bWl0b2Nob25kcmlh[Qq]
[c]bHlzb3NvbWVz[Qq]
[c]dGhlIGN5dG 9wbGFzbQ==[Qq]
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[q]Activities that can be sustained indefinitely (or, at least for a very long time) are
[c]ZnVu[Qq]
[c]YWVyb2 JpYw==[Qq]
[c]YW5hZXJvYmlj[Qq]
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[q topic= “aerobic_and_anaerobic_respiration”]When food is broken down for energy in cells with oxygen, the process is
[c]IGFlcm 9iaWM=[Qq]
[c]IGFuYWVyb2JpYw==[Qq]
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[q topic= “aerobic_and_anaerobic_respiration”]Breakdown of food for energy WITHOUT oxygen is called
[c]IGFlcm9iaWM=[Qq]
[c]IGFuYWVy b2JpYw==[Qq]
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[q topic= “aerobic_and_anaerobic_respiration”]You’re riding your bike on a flat road. The pace is nice and easy. You could do it all day. Your production of ATP is
[c]IGFlcm 9iaWM=[Qq]
[c]IGFuYWVyb2JpYw==[Qq]
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[q topic= “aerobic_and_anaerobic_respiration”]You’re lifting weights. After ten repetitions, your muscles start to burn, and you’re having more and more difficulty lifting the weight. Your production of ATP is
[c]IGFlcm9iaWM=[Qq]
[c]IGFuYWVy b2JpYw==[Qq]
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[q topic= “aerobic_and_anaerobic_respiration”]When humans and other animals perform anaerobic respiration, one of the byproducts is
[c]IGdsdWNvc2U=[Qq]
[c]IG94eWdlbg==[Qq]
[c]IGNhcmJvbiBkaW94aWRl[Qq]
[c]IGxhY3Rp YyBhY2lk[Qq]
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[q topic= “aerobic_and_anaerobic_respiration”]Lactic acid fermentation is a form of _____________ respiration.
[c]IGFlcm9iaWM=[Qq]
[c]IGFuYWVy b2JpYw==[Qq]
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[f]IFllcyDigJhBbmFlcm9iaWPigJkgbWVhbnMg4oCYd2l0aG91dCBveHlnZW4uIENlbGxzIHdpbGwgcHJvZHVjZSBBVFAgdGhyb3VnaCBsYWN0aWMgYWNpZCBmZXJtZW50YXRpb24gb25seSB1bmRlciB3aGVuIHRoZXkgbGFjayBzdWZmaWNpZW50IG94eWdlbi4=
[q topic= “aerobic_and_anaerobic_respiration”]Yogurt is sour because the bacteria used to create yogurt from milk create
[c]IGFsY29ob2w=[Qq]
[c]IGdsdWNvc2U=[Qq]
[c]IGxhY3Rp YyBhY2lk[Qq]
[c]IGNhcmJvbiBkaW94aWRl[Qq]
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[f]IFllcy4gVGhlIGJhY3RlcmlhIHVzZWQgdG8gY3JlYXRlIHlvZ3VydCBmZXJtZW50IHRoZSBzdWdhcnMgaW4gbWlsayB0byBsYWN0aWMgYWNpZCwgd2hpY2ggZ2l2ZXMgeW9ndXJ0IGl0cyBzb3VyIHRhc3RlLg==[Qq]
[f]IE5vLiBXaGlsZSBjYXJib24gZGlveGlkZSBpcyBhIHByb2R1Y3Qgb2Ygc29tZSBraW5kcyBvZiBmZXJtZW50YXRpb24sIGl04oCZcyBub3QgcHJvZHVjZWQgYnkgeW9ndXJ0LWNyZWF0aW5nIGJhY3RlcmlhIHdoZW4gdGhleSBmZXJtZW50IG1pbGsgc3VnYXJzLg==
[q topic= “aerobic_and_anaerobic_respiration”]Beer and wine are made through
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[c]IGxhY3RpYyBhY2lkIGZlcm1lbnRhdGlvbg==[Qq]
[c]IGFlcm9iaWMgcmVzcGlyYXRpb24=[Qq]
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[f]IE5vLiBMYWN0aWMgYWNpZCBmZXJtZW50YXRpb24gb2NjdXJzIHVuZGVyIGFuYWVyb2JpYyBjb25kaXRpb25zIGluIGFuaW1hbCBtdXNjbGUgdGlzc3VlLCBhbmQgaW4gY2VydGFpbiBiYWN0ZXJpYSB0aGF0IGZlcm1lbnQgbWlsayBzdWdhcnMgdG8gbGFjdGljIGFjaWQu[Qq]
[f]IE5vLiBBZXJvYmljIHJlc3BpcmF0aW9uIHRha2VzIGdsdWNvc2UgYW5kIGJyZWFrcyBpdCBkb3duIHRvIGNhcmJvbiBkaW94aWRlIGFuZCB3YXRlci4gVGhpbmsgb2YgdGhlIGtpbmQgb2YgYmV2ZXJhZ2UgYmVlciBhbmQgd2luZSBhcmUsIGFuZCB5b3XigJlsbCBoYXZlIHRoZSBhbnN3ZXIu
[q topic= “aerobic_and_anaerobic_respiration”]The bubbles in beer are made of
[c]IGFsY29ob2w=[Qq]
[c]IGNhcmJvbi BkaW94aWRl[Qq]
[c]IG94eWdlbg==[Qq]
[c]IGxhY3RpYyBhY2lk[Qq]
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[q topic= “aerobic_and_anaerobic_respiration”]Yeast are placed in a flask containing sugar and water. A balloon is placed over the mouth of the flask. Several hours later, the balloon has inflated. What happened?
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[q topic= “aerobic_and_anaerobic_respiration”]Alcoholic fermentation is a form of
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[c]IGFuYWVyb2JpYyBy ZXNwaXJhdGlvbi4=[Qq]
[c]IHBob3Rvc3ludGhlc2lzLg==[Qq]
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[q topic= “aerobic_and_anaerobic_respiration”]Aerobic respiration requires
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[c]IG94eW dlbi4=[Qq]
[c]IGxhY3RpYyBhY2lkLg==[Qq]
[c]IGFsY29ob2wu[Qq]
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[q topic= “aerobic_and_anaerobic_respiration”]The release of energy from food molecules in the absence of oxygen is
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[c]IHByb3RlaW4gc3ludGhlc2lz[Qq]
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[q topic= “aerobic_and_anaerobic_respiration”]The processes of fermentation and aerobic respiration are similar in that both produce
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[c]IGNhcmJvbiBkaW94aWRlIGFuZCBhbGNvaG9s[Qq]
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[c]IGdsdWNvc2U=[Qq]
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[x][restart]
[/qwiz]
What’s Next?
Please proceed to the next tutorial: Photosynthesis, The Big Picture