1. Aerobic Respiration requires oxygen
The typical kind of cellular respiration that animals do (and the respiration that we discussed in the last tutorial) is called aerobic respiration. Aerobic respiration starts in the cytoplasm, then proceeds in the mitochondria, where fuel is broken down and ATP is released
Imagine this scenario. You’re riding your bike at a leisurely pace on a flat road. Your breathing is nice and easy. Your working, but not too hard.
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At that moment, your respiration is completely aerobic. That’s because at this rate of exertion, you can deliver all the oxygen that your muscle cells need. What’s happening in your cells is this:
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → energy(ATP) + 6CO2 + 6H2O
Similarly, any activity that you can sustain for an indefinite period of time is happening aerobically. Obviously, that includes activities where your body is resting. Sleeping, sitting: they’re aerobic, too.
2. Anaerobic respiration works without oxygen
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Back to our bike ride. You reach a long, steep hill. Your muscles strain to keep the bike moving upward and forward. You start breathing harder to get more oxygen into your lungs. Your heart is beating faster to deliver that oxygen to your muscles.
After a while, your breathing rate and your heart rate reach their maximum. Yet even this maximum isn’t delivering enough oxygen to your system. At that point, you switch over to anaerobic respiration.
Anaerobic means without oxygen. In humans, what you’ll do is take glucose, and, in many steps, break it down to two molecules of a three carbon molecule called lactic acid.
Lactic acid’s formula is C?H?O?, and that makes it very easy to remember. Take glucose (C6H12O6), divide it in half, and you get lactic acid (C?H?O?). This entire process–taking glucose and anaerobically converting it to lactic acid–is known as lactic acid fermentation.
Anaerobic respiration allows you to continue to temporarily make some ATP, even when your your body can’t deliver enough oxygen. The amount of ATP is much less than aerobic respiration (only 2 ATPs for each molecule of glucose). But, when you need ATP, it’s enough to keep you going.
Some activities are primarily anaerobic. Whether you’re swimming, running, or cycling, you can only sprint for a short amount of time. During the sprint, your heart and lungs can’t deliver the amount of oxygen that your muscles need. Almost immediately, your cells switch to anaerobic respiration, and after a short period of time, you’ll have to stop. After you do, your heart rate and breathing rate will stay elevated, delivering oxygen to your oxygen-depleted cells, which then switch back to aerobic respiration.
To figure out if an activity is aerobic or anaerobic, you just have to ask yourself one question: can I sustain this for a long time? The best marathon runners have to keep their pace at a level that they can sustain for just over two hours: that’s why marathon running is primarily aerobic. The same is true of long distance cycling. Activities that can’t be sustained, like sprinting or lifting weights, are primarily anaerobic. Of course, many sports have a combination of both: even marathoners might need to sprint to the finish line.
Some other organisms also perform lactic acid fermentation. For example, the bacteria that we use to make yogurt from milk carry out same reaction. That’s why yogurt is sour: lactic acid, like all acids, has a sour taste.
3. Flashcards: Anaerobic Respiration and lactic acid fermentation
[qdeck random = “true” qrecord_id=”sciencemusicvideosMeister1961-HSenergy, Aerobic respiration and lactate fermentation flashcards”]
[h]Flashcards: Anaerobic respiration and Lactic Acid Fermentation
[i]While this set of flashcards primarily focuses on anaerobic respiration, it also includes some material from previous tutorials in this series.
[!!!!!] Review Card 1 [/!!!!!]
[q]Complete this word equation for cellular respiration
glucose+ _________ → ATP + carbon dioxide + water
[textentry]
[a]glucose+ oxygen → ATP + carbon dioxide + water
[!!]Card 1[/!!!!]
[q]Respiration that requires oxygen is _____________ respiration
[textentry]
[a]Respiration that requires oxygen is aerobic respiration.
[!!]Card 2[/!!!!]
[q]Respiration that can occur without oxygen is _____________ respiration
[textentry]
[a]Respiration that can occur without oxygen is anaerobic respiration.
[!!]Card 3[/!!!!]
[q]Aerobic respiration produces ______ ATP than anaerobic respiration.
[textentry]
[a]Aerobic respiration produces more ATP than anaerobic respiration.
[!!]Card 4[/!!!!]
[q]Aerobic respiration produces more _____ than anaerobic respiration.
[textentry]
[a]Aerobic respiration produces more ATP than anaerobic respiration.
[!!]Card 5[/!!!!]
[q]Activities that are sustainable are primarily done using ________ respiration.
[textentry]
[a]Activities that are sustainable are primarily done using aerobic respiration.
[!!]Card 6[/!!!!]
[q]Anaerobic respiration in animals involves taking glucose and breaking it down to ___ ____.
[textentry]
[a]Anaerobic respiration in animals involves taking glucose and breaking it down to lactic acid.
[!!]Card 7[/!!!!]
[q]Anaerobic respiration in animals involves taking ________ and breaking it down to lactic acid.
[textentry]
[a]Anaerobic respiration in animals involves taking glucose and breaking it down to lactic acid.
[!!]Card 8[/!!!!]
[q]Anaerobic respiration can occur without ______.
[textentry]
[a]Anaerobic respiration can occur without oxygen.
[!!!!!] Review card 2 [/!!!!]
[q]Complete this chemical equation for cellular respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → energy(ATP) + 6CO2 + _____ (don’t worry about typing subscripts)
[textentry]
[a]C6H12O6 + 6O2 → energy(ATP) + 6CO2 + 6H2O
[!!!!!] Review card 3 [/!!!!]
[q]The transformation of the energy in food into the energy in ATP is called ______ _____.
[textentry]
[a]The transformation of the energy in food into the energy in ATP is called cellular respiration.
[x]
[restart]
[/qdeck]
4. Alcohol Fermentation is another form of anaerobic respiration
Another fermentation is the one used to make alcoholic beverages like beer and wine. In this fermentation, yeast (single celled fungi) take the sugar in fruit (or other plant parts) and break it down to alcohol and carbon dioxide. In the process, as with lactic acid fermentation, they produce a little bit of ATP. Along with alcohol, the yeast produce carbon dioxide.
Here’s a very schematic view of the pathway for alcohol fermentation.
In wine production, the carbon dioxide is allowed to escape. In beer production, it’s kept within the beer (making the bubbles in beer).
Similarly, the reason why bread rises is because of the carbon dioxide produced by yeast that are used to make the bread rise.
5. Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration, Checking Understanding
In this module, we’ve discussed
- The difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration
- Lactic acid fermentation
- Alcohol fermentation
To help consolidate your understanding, take the quiz below.
[qwiz qrecord_id=”sciencemusicvideosMeister1961-HSenergy, aerobic v anaerobic quiz”]
[h]Quiz: Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration
[q topic= “aerobic_and_anaerobic_respiration”]When food is broken down for energy in cells with oxygen, the process is
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[q topic= “aerobic_and_anaerobic_respiration”]Breakdown of food for energy WITHOUT oxygen is called
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[q topic= “aerobic_and_anaerobic_respiration”]You’re riding your bike on a flat road. The pace is nice and easy. You could do it all day. Your production of ATP is
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[q topic= “aerobic_and_anaerobic_respiration”]You’re lifting weights. After ten repetitions, your muscles start to burn, and you’re having more and more difficulty lifting the weight. Your production of ATP is
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[q topic= “aerobic_and_anaerobic_respiration”]When humans and other animals perform anaerobic respiration, one of the byproducts is
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[q topic= “aerobic_and_anaerobic_respiration”]Lactic acid fermentation is a form of _____________ respiration.
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[q topic= “aerobic_and_anaerobic_respiration”]Yogurt is sour because the bacteria used to create yogurt from milk create
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[q topic= “aerobic_and_anaerobic_respiration”]Beer and wine are made through
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[q topic= “aerobic_and_anaerobic_respiration”]The bubbles in beer are made of
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[q topic= “aerobic_and_anaerobic_respiration”]Yeast are placed in a flask containing sugar and water. A balloon is placed over the mouth of the flask. Several hours later, the balloon has inflated. What happened?
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[q topic= “aerobic_and_anaerobic_respiration”]Alcoholic fermentation is a form of
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[q topic= “aerobic_and_anaerobic_respiration”]Aerobic respiration requires
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[q topic= “aerobic_and_anaerobic_respiration”]The release of energy from food molecules in the absence of oxygen is
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[f]IE5vLiBQcm90ZWluIHN5bnRoZXNpcyBpcyBhYm91dCBtYWtpbmcgcHJvdGVpbnMuIEl0IHJlcXVpcmVzIGVuZXJneSwgYnV0IG90aGVyd2lzZSwgdGhlcmXigJlzIG5vIGNvbm5lY3Rpb24gd2l0aCByZWxlYXNlIG9mIGVuZXJneSBmcm9tIGZvb2Qu[Qq]
[f]IFllcy4gUmVsZWFzZSBvZiBlbmVyZ3kgZnJvbSBmb29kIG1vbGVjdWxlcyBpbiB0aGUgYWJzZW5jZSBvZiBveHlnZW4gaXMgYW5hZXJvYmljIHJlc3BpcmF0aW9uLg==
[q topic= “aerobic_and_anaerobic_respiration”]The processes of fermentation and aerobic respiration are similar in that both produce
[c]IGNhcmJvbiBkaW94aWRlIGFuZCB3YXRlcg==[Qq]
[c]IGNhcmJvbiBkaW94aWRlIGFuZCBhbGNvaG9s[Qq]
[c]IGVuZXJneSBpbiB0aG UgZm9ybSBvZiBBVFA=[Qq]
[c]IGdsdWNvc2U=[Qq]
[f]IE5vLiBDYXJib24gZGlveGlkZSBhbmQgd2F0ZXIgYXJlIHJlbGVhc2VkIG9ubHkgaW4gYWVyb2JpYyByZXNwaXJhdGlvbi4gRm9yIHRoZSBhbnN3ZXIsIHRoaW5rIGFib3V0IHdoeSwgZnJvbSBhIGNlbGzigJlzIHBlcnNwZWN0aXZlLCBmZXJtZW50YXRpb24gb3IgcmVzcGlyYXRpb24gYXJlIG5lY2Vzc2FyeS4=[Qq]
[f]IE5vLiBDYXJib24gZGlveGlkZSBhbmQgYWxjb2hvbCBhcmUgcHJvZHVjZWQgb25seSBkdXJpbmcgYWxjb2hvbCBmZXJtZW50YXRpb24uIEZvciB0aGUgYW5zd2VyLCB0aGluayBhYm91dCB3aHksIGZyb20gYSBjZWxs4oCZcyBwZXJzcGVjdGl2ZSwgZmVybWVudGF0aW9uIG9yIHJlc3BpcmF0aW9uIGFyZSBuZWNlc3Nhcnku[Qq]
[f]IFllcy4gVGhlIHB1cnBvc2Ugb2YgY2VsbHVsYXIgcmVzcGlyYXRpb24sIGZyb20gYSBjZWxs4oCZcyBwZXJzcGVjdGl2ZSwgaXMgdG8gY3JlYXRlIEFUUC4gQm90aCBhZXJvYmljIHJlc3BpcmF0aW9uIGFuZCBmZXJtZW50YXRpb24gY3JlYXRlIEFUUCwgdGhvdWdoIGFlcm9iaWMgcmVzcGlyYXRpb24gY3JlYXRlcyBtdWNoIG1vcmUu[Qq]
[f]IE5vLiBHbHVjb3NlIGlzIHRoZSBzdGFydGluZyBmdWVsIGZvciBhZXJvYmljIHJlc3BpcmF0aW9uIGFuZCBmb3IgbWFueSB0eXBlcyBvZiBmZXJtZW50YXRpb24sIGJ1dCBuZWl0aGVyIGFlcm9iaWMgcmVzcGlyYXRpb24gb3IgZmVybWVudGF0aW9uIHJlbGVhc2UgZ2x1Y29zZS4gRm9yIHRoZSBhbnN3ZXIsIHRoaW5rIGFib3V0IHdoeSwgZnJvbSBhIGNlbGzigJlzIHBlcnNwZWN0aXZlLCBmZXJtZW50YXRpb24gb3IgcmVzcGlyYXRpb24gYXJlIG5lY2Vzc2FyeS4=
[x]
[restart]
[/qwiz]
6. Energy: Cumulative Quiz
The questions below will help you consolidate what you’ve learned in the previous tutorials
[qwiz qrecord_id=”sciencemusicvideosMeister1961-HS Energy, cumulative quiz, 2021″]
[h]Energy: Cumulative Quiz
[i]
[q topic= “life_and_energy”]Energy is
[c]IHRoZSBhYmlsaXR5IHRv IHBlcmZvcm0gd29yay4=[Qq]
[c]IGhvdyBob3Qgc29tZXRoaW5nIGlz[Qq]
[c]IGhvdyBzdHJvbmdseSBvbmUgb2JqZWN0IGF0dHJhY3RzIGFub3RoZXI=[Qq]
[f]IENvcnJlY3QuIEVuZXJneSBpcyB0aGUgYWJpbGl0eSB0byBkbyB3b3JrLg==[Qq]
[f]IE5vLiBUaGF0IHNvdW5kcyBtb3JlIGxpa2UgdGVtcGVyYXR1cmUgKHRoZSBhdmVyYWdlIGFtb3VudCBvZiBoZWF0IHByZXNlbnQgaW4gYW4gb2JqZWN0KS4gTmV4dCB0aW1lLCBrZWVwIGluIG1pbmQgdGhhdCB3aXRob3V0IGVuZXJneSwgbm90aGluZyBjYW4gZ2V0IGRvbmUu[Qq]
[f]IE5vLiBUaGF0IHNvdW5kIG1vcmUgbGlrZSBncmF2aXR5LCBvciBtYWduZXRpc20uIE5leHQgdGltZSwga2VlcCBpbiBtaW5kIHRoYXQgd2l0aG91dCBlbmVyZ3ksIG5vdGhpbmcgY2FuIGdldCBkb25lLg==
Cg==[Qq]
[q topic= “life_and_energy”]The energy put out by the sun is
[c]IGNoZW1pY2FsIGVuZXJneQ==[Qq]
[c]IGtpbmV0aWMgZW5lcmd5[Qq]
[c]IGxpZ2h0IG VuZXJneQ==[Qq]
[f]IE5vLiBDaGVtaWNhbCBlbmVyZ3kgaXMgdGhlIGVuZXJneSBzdG9yZWQgaW4gY2hlbWljYWwgYm9uZHMuIE5leHQgdGltZSwgdGhpbmsgYWJvdXQgd2hhdCB5b3Ugc2VlIHdoZW4geW91IGxvb2sgdG93YXJkIHRoZSBzdW4u[Qq]
[f]IE5vLiBLaW5ldGljIGVuZXJneSBpcyBlbmVyZ3kgb2YgbW90aW9uLiBOZXh0IHRpbWUsIHRoaW5rIGFib3V0IHdoYXQgeW91IHNlZSB3aGVuIHlvdSBsb29rIHRvd2FyZCB0aGUgc3VuLg==[Qq]
[f]IFllcy4gVGhlIHN1biBwdXRzIG91dCBsaWdodCBlbmVyZ3ku
Cg==[Qq]
[q topic= “life_and_energy”]A package of spaghetti says that the spaghetti has 100 calories in each serving. ‘Calorie’ must be a unit of what kind of energy?
[c]IGxpZ2h0IGVuZXJneQ==[Qq]
[c]IGNoZW1pY2Fs IGVuZXJneQ==[Qq]
[c]IGtpbmV0aWMgZW5lcmd5[Qq]
[f]IE5vLiBZb3XigJlkIHVzZSBhIGxpZ2h0IG1ldGVyIHRvIG1lYXN1cmUgbGlnaHQuIFdoZW4geW91IGVhdCBzcGFnaGV0dGksIHlvdeKAmXJlIGdldHRpbmcgZW5lcmd5IGZyb20gdGhlIGJvbmRzIHRoYXQgaG9sZCB0aGUgbW9sZWN1bGVzIHRvZ2V0aGVyLiBXaGF0IGtpbmQgb2YgZW5lcmd5IGlzIHRoYXQ/[Qq]
[f]IFllcy4gVGhlIGNhbG9yaWUgaXMgYSBtZWFzdXJlIG9mIGNoZW1pY2FsIGVuZXJneS4gV2hlbiB5b3UgZWF0IHNwYWdoZXR0aSwgeW914oCZcmUgZ2V0dGluZyBlbmVyZ3kgZnJvbSB0aGUgYm9uZHMgdGhhdCBob2xkIHRoZSBtb2xlY3VsZXMgdG9nZXRoZXIsIGFuZCB0aGUgY2Fsb3JpZSBpcyBvbiAoaW5kaXJlY3QpIG1lYXN1cmUgb2YgdGhlIGVuZXJneSBpbiB0aG9zZSBib25kcy7CoMKgRXNzZW50aWFsbHksIGl04oCZcyBhIG1lYXN1cmUgb2YgaG93IG11Y2ggaGVhdCBpcyByZWxlYXNlZCB3aGVuIGFuIG9iamVjdCBpcyBidXJuZWQsIGFuZCBidXJuaW5nIGlzIGEgY2hlbWljYWwgcmVhY3Rpb24u[Qq]
[f]IE5vLiBLaW5ldGljIGVuZXJneSBpcyBlbmVyZ3kgb2YgbW90aW9uLiBXaGVuIHlvdSBlYXQgc3BhZ2hldHRpLCB5b3XigJlyZSBnZXR0aW5nIGVuZXJneSBmcm9tIHRoZSBib25kcyB0aGF0IGhvbGQgdGhlIG1vbGVjdWxlcyB0b2dldGhlci4gV2hhdCBraW5kIG9mIGVuZXJneSBpcyB0aGF0Pw==
Cg==[Qq]
[q topic= “life_and_energy”]A classroom experiment involves a set of fluorescent bulbs (the long, tube-like ones) that shine their energy on plants. The energy from these bulbs is
[c]IGxpZ2h0IG VuZXJneQ==[Qq]
[c]IGNoZW1pY2FsIGVuZXJneQ==[Qq]
[c]IGtpbmV0aWMgZW5lcmd5[Qq]
[f]IFllcy4gQSBmbHVvcmVzY2VudCBidWxiIHB1dHMgb3V0IGxpZ2h0IGVuZXJneS4=[Qq]
[f]IE5vLiBDaGVtaWNhbCBlbmVyZ3kgaXMgdGhlIGVuZXJneSBzdG9yZWQgaW4gdGhlIGNoZW1pY2FsIGJvbmRzIG9mIG1vbGVjdWxlcy4gV2hlbiBhIGZsdW9yZXNjZW50IGJ1bGIgaXMgdHVybmVkIG9uLCBlbGVjdHJpY2l0eSBpcyBiZWluZyBjb252ZXJ0ZWQgaW50byBhbm90aGVyIGZvcm0gb2YgZW5lcmd5LiBXaGljaCBvbmU/[Qq]
[f]IE5vLiBLaW5ldGljIGVuZXJneSBpcyBlbmVyZ3kgb2YgbW90aW9uLiBXaGlsZSBwaG90b25zIChsaWdodCBwYXJ0aWNsZXMpIGFyZSBtb3ZpbmcgZnJvbSB0aGUgYnVsYnMsIHdlIGRvbuKAmXQgZ2VuZXJhbGx5IGNsYXNzaWZ5IHdoYXQgY29tZXMgb3V0IG9mIGEgYnVsYiBhcyBraW5ldGljIGVuZXJneS4gV2hlbiBhIGZsdW9yZXNjZW50IGJ1bGIgaXMgdHVybmVkIG9uLCBlbGVjdHJpY2l0eSBpcyBiZWluZyBjb252ZXJ0ZWQgaW50byBhbm90aGVyIGZvcm0gb2YgZW5lcmd5LiBXaGljaCBvbmU/
Cg==[Qq]
[q topic= “life_and_energy”]Plants take energy that comes from the sun and convert it into
[c]IGxpZ2h0IGVuZXJneQ==[Qq]
[c]IGNoZW1pY2Fs IGVuZXJneQ==[Qq]
[c]IGtpbmV0aWMgZW5lcmd5[Qq]
[f]IE5vLiBQbGFudHMgYXJlIGhhcnZlc3RpbmcgdGhlIHN1buKAmXMgbGlnaHQgZW5lcmd5LCBhbmQgc3RvcmluZyBpdCBhd2F5IGluIHRoZSBib25kcyB0aGF0IG1ha2UgdXAgY2FyYm9oeWRyYXRlIG1vbGVjdWxlcy4gRW5lcmd5IHN0b3JlZCBpbiB0aGUgYm9uZHMgb2YgbW9sZWN1bGVzIGlzIHdoYXQga2luZCBvZiBlbmVyZ3k/[Qq]
[f]IFllcy4gUGxhbnRzIGFyZSB0YWtpbmcgbGlnaHQgZW5lcmd5IGFuZCBjb252ZXJ0aW5nIGl0IGludG8gY2hlbWljYWwgZW5lcmd5LiBUaGlzIG9jY3VycyB0aHJvdWdoIHBob3Rvc3ludGhlc2lzLCB3aGljaCB3ZSYjODIxNztsbCBjb3ZlciBpbiBhbm90aGVyIHR1dG9yaWFsLg==[Qq]
[f]IE5vLiBLaW5ldGljIGVuZXJneSBpcyBlbmVyZ3kgb2YgbW90aW9uLiBQbGFudHMgYXJlIHRha2luZyBsaWdodCBlbmVyZ3ksIGFuZCBzdG9yaW5nIGl0IGF3YXkgaW4gdGhlIGJvbmRzIHRoYXQgbWFrZSB1cCBjYXJib2h5ZHJhdGUgbW9sZWN1bGVzLiBFbmVyZ3kgc3RvcmVkIGluIHRoZSBib25kcyBvZiBtb2xlY3VsZXMgaXMgd2hhdCBraW5kIG9mIGVuZXJneT8=
Cg==[Qq]
[q topic= “life_and_energy”]If you eat an apple, and then use the energy in the apple during a bike ride, you’re converting
[c]IGxpZ2h0IGVuZXJneSBpbnRvIGNoZW1pY2FsIGVuZXJneS4=[Qq]
[c]IGtpbmV0aWMgZW5lcmd5IGludG8gbGlnaHQgZW5lcmd5[Qq]
[c]IGNoZW1pY2FsIGVuZXJneSBpbnRvIGxpZ2h0IGVuZXJneQ==[Qq]
[c]IGNoZW1pY2FsIGVuZXJneSBp bnRvIGtpbmV0aWMgZW5lcmd5[Qq]
[f]IE5vLiBUaGlzIGlzIHdoYXQgcGxhbnRzIGRvIGR1cmluZyBhIHBob3Rvc3ludGhlc2lzLiBXaGF0IHlvdeKAmXZlIGRvbmUgaXMgdG8gdGFrZSBjaGVtaWNhbCBib25kIGVuZXJneSwgYW5kIHRyYW5zZm9ybSBpdCBpbnRvIGVuZXJneSBvZiBtb3Rpb24uIFdoYXQgYXJlIHRoZSBuYW1lcyBmb3IgY2hlbWljYWwgYm9uZCBlbmVyZ3kgYW5kIGVuZXJneSBvZiBtb3Rpb24/[Qq]
[f]IE5vLiBUaGF0IGVuZXJneSB0cmFuc2Zvcm1hdGlvbiBoYXBwZW5zIHdoZW4gYSBnZW5lcmF0b3IgaXMgdXNlZCB0byBwb3dlciBhIGxpZ2h0IGJ1bGIuIFdoYXQgeW914oCZdmUgZG9uZSBpcyB0byB0YWtlIGNoZW1pY2FsIGJvbmQgZW5lcmd5LCBhbmQgdHJhbnNmb3JtIGl0IGludG8gZW5lcmd5IG9mIG1vdGlvbi4gV2hhdCBhcmUgdGhlIG5hbWVzIGZvciBjaGVtaWNhbCBib25kIGVuZXJneSBhbmQgZW5lcmd5IG9mIG1vdGlvbj8=[Qq]
[f]IE5vLiBUaGF0IGVuZXJneSB0cmFuc2Zvcm1hdGlvbiBoYXBwZW5zIHdoZW4geW91IGJ1cm4gYSBjYW5kbGUuIFdoYXQgeW914oCZdmUgZG9uZSBpcyB0byB0YWtlIGNoZW1pY2FsIGJvbmQgZW5lcmd5LCBhbmQgdHJhbnNmb3JtIGl0IGludG8gZW5lcmd5IG9mIG1vdGlvbi4gV2hhdCBhcmUgdGhlIG5hbWVzIGZvciBjaGVtaWNhbCBib25kIGVuZXJneSBhbmQgZW5lcmd5IG9mIG1vdGlvbj8=[Qq]
[f]IEV4YWN0bHkhIFlvdeKAmXJlIHRha2luZyBmb29kIGVuZXJneSAod2hpY2ggaXMgY2hlbWljYWwgZW5lcmd5KSwgYW5kIGNvbnZlcnRpbmcgaXQgaW50byBraW5ldGljIGVuZXJneS4gVGhpcyBpcyBhIGNvbW1vbiBlbmVyZ3kgdHJhbnNmb3JtYXRpb24gaW4gYW5pbWFscy4=
Cg==[Qq]
[q topic= “Energy, ATP, and ADP”]When you strike a match, the chemical energy in the match is released in the form of
[c]IEFEUA==[Qq]
[c]IEhlYXQgYW 5kIGxpZ2h0[Qq]
[c]IGNhcmJvbiBkaW94aWRl[Qq]
[f]IE5vLiBTdHJpa2luZyBhIG1hdGNoIGlzIGFuIGV4YW1wbGUgb2YgY29tYnVzdGlvbi4gQURQIGlzIHByb2R1Y2VkIHdoZW4gQVRQIGlzIHVzZWQgYnkgY2VsbHMuIFdoYXQgZG8geW91IHNlZSBhbmQgZmVlbCBmcm9tIGEgbGlnaHRlZCBtYXRjaD8=[Qq]
[f]IENvcnJlY3QuIFRoaXMgaXMgYW4gZXhhbXBsZSBvZiBjb21idXN0aW9uLCBhbmQgdGhlIGVuZXJneSBpcyByZWxlYXNlZCBhcyBoZWF0IGFuZCBsaWdodC4=[Qq]
[f]IE5vLiBDYXJib24gZGlveGlkZSBpcyBvbmUgb2YgdGhlIHdhc3RlIHByb2R1Y3RzIG9mIGEgY29tYnVzdGlvbiByZWFjdGlvbiwgYnV0IGl04oCZcyBub3QgZW5lcmd5ICYjODIxMTsgaXTigJlzIGFuIGV4aGF1c3QgcHJvZHVjdC4gV2hhdCBkbyB5b3Ugc2VlIGFuZCBmZWVsIGZyb20gYSBsaWdodGVkIG1hdGNoPw==
[q topic= “Energy, ATP, and ADP”]In living things, the chemical energy in food is transformed into
[c]IHRoZSBjaGVtaWNhbC BlbmVyZ3kgaW4gQVRQ[Qq]
[c]IEhlYXQgYW5kIGxpZ2h0[Qq]
[c]IGNhcmJvbiBkaW94aWRl[Qq]
[f]IFllcy4gTGl2aW5nIHRoaW5ncyBoYXZlIHRvIHRyYW5zZmVyIHRoZSBlbmVyZ3kgaW4gZm9vZHMgKHN1Y2ggYSBnbHVjb3NlKSBpbnRvIHRoZSBlbmVyZ3kgaW4gQVRQLg==[Qq]
[f]IE5vLiBQcm9kdWN0aW9uIG9mIGhlYXQgYW5kIGxpZ2h0IGlzIHdoYXQgaGFwcGVucyB3aGVuIGEgZnVlbCBpcyBidXJuZWQuIEJ1dCB0aGF04oCZcyBub3Qgd2hhdCBoYXBwZW5zIGluIGxpdmluZyB0aGluZ3Mu[Qq]
[f]IE5vLiBDYXJib24gZGlveGlkZSBpcyBvbmUgb2YgdGhlIHdhc3RlIHByb2R1Y3RzIG9mIGEgY2VsbHVsYXIgcmVzcGlyYXRpb24sIHdoaWNoIGlzIHRoZSBwcm9jZXNzIHRoYXQgY2VsbHMgdXNlIHRvIGdldCBlbmVyZ3kgZnJvbSBmb29kLiBCdXQgY2FyYm9uIGRpb3hpZGUgaXMgYSB3YXN0ZSBwcm9kdWN0LiBMb29rIGZvciBzb21ldGhpbmcgdGhhdCBjZWxscyBjYW4gdXNlIHRvIHBvd2VyIHRoZWlyIGxpZmUgcHJvY2Vzc2VzLg==
[q topic= “Energy, ATP, and ADP”]In this diagram of ATP, the phosphate groups are shown at
[c]IDE=[Qq]
[c]IDI=[Qq]
[c]ID M=[Qq]
[f]IE5vLiBOdW1iZXIgMSBpcyB0aGUgc3VnYXIsIHJpYm9zZS4gVG8gZmluZCB0aGUgcGhvc3BoYXRlIGdyb3VwcywgbG9vayBmb3IgdGhlIGNoZW1pY2FsIHN5bWJvbCBmb3IgcGhvc3Bob3J1cywg4oCYUC7igJk=[Qq]
[f]IE5vLiBOdW1iZXIgMiBpcyB0aGUgbml0cm9nZW5vdXMgYmFzZSwgYWRlbmluZS4gVG8gZmluZCB0aGUgcGhvc3BoYXRlIGdyb3VwcywgbG9vayBmb3IgdGhlIGNoZW1pY2FsIHN5bWJvbCBmb3IgcGhvc3Bob3J1cywg4oCYUC7igJk=[Qq]
[f]IFllcy4gTnVtYmVyIDMgcmVmZXJzIHRvIHRoZSBwaG9zcGhhdGUgZ3JvdXBzLCB3aGljaCBpcyB3aGVyZSBBVFAgc3RvcmVzIGl0cyBlbmVyZ3ku
[q topic= “Energy, ATP, and ADP”]In this diagram of ATP, the nitrogenous base adenine is found at
[c]IDE=[Qq]
[c]ID I=[Qq]
[c]IDM=[Qq]
[f]IE5vLiBOdW1iZXIgMSBpcyB0aGUgc3VnYXIsIHJpYm9zZS4gVG8gZmluZCB0aGUgbml0cm9nZW5vdXMgYmFzZSBhZGVuaW5lLCBsb29rIGZvciB0aGUgbml0cm9nZW4tY29udGFpbmluZyByaW5ncy4g4oCYTuKAmSBpcyB0aGUgc3ltYm9sIGZvciBuaXRyb2dlbi4=[Qq]
[f]IFllcyEgTnVtYmVyIDIgaXMgdGhlIG5pdHJvZ2Vub3VzIGJhc2UsIGFkZW5pbmUu[Qq]
[f]IE5vLiBOdW1iZXIgMyByZWZlcnMgdG8gdGhlIHBob3NwaGF0ZSBncm91cHMsIHdoaWNoIGlzIHdoZXJlIEFUUCBzdG9yZXMgaXRzIGVuZXJneS4gVG8gZmluZCB0aGUgbml0cm9nZW5vdXMgYmFzZSBhZGVuaW5lLCBsb29rIGZvciB0aGUgbml0cm9nZW4tY29udGFpbmluZyByaW5ncy4g4oCYTuKAmSBpcyB0aGUgc3ltYm9sIGZvciBuaXRyb2dlbi4=
[q topic= “Energy, ATP, and ADP”]In this diagram of ATP, the sugar ribose is found at
[c]ID E=[Qq]
[c]IDI=[Qq]
[c]IDM=[Qq]
[f]IFllcy4gTnVtYmVyIDEgaXMgdGhlIHN1Z2FyLCByaWJvc2UsIHdoaWNoIHlvdSBjYW4gaWRlbnRpZnkgYnkgaXRzIHBlbnRhZ29uYWwgc2hhcGUu[Qq]
[f]IE5vLiBOdW1iZXIgMiBpcyB0aGUgbml0cm9nZW5vdXMgYmFzZSwgYWRlbmluZS4gWW91IGNhbiBpZGVudGlmeSB0aGUgc3VnYXIgcmlib3NlIGJ5IGl0cyBwZW50YWdvbmFsIHNoYXBlLg==[Qq]
[f]IE5vLiBOdW1iZXIgMyByZWZlcnMgdG8gdGhlIHBob3NwaGF0ZSBncm91cHMsIHdoaWNoIGlzIHdoZXJlIEFUUCBzdG9yZXMgaXRzIGVuZXJneS4gWW91IGNhbiBpZGVudGlmeSB0aGUgc3VnYXIgcmlib3NlIGJ5IGl0cyBwZW50YWdvbmFsIHNoYXBlLg==
[q topic= “Energy, ATP, and ADP”]In this diagram of ATP, the part that contains chemical bonds that are broken down for energy is
[c]IDE=[Qq]
[c]IDI=[Qq]
[c]ID M=[Qq]
[f]IE5vLiBOdW1iZXIgMSBpcyB0aGUgc3VnYXIsIHJpYm9zZS4gSW4gQVRQLCBpdOKAmXMgdGhlIGxhc3QgcGhvc3BoYXRlIGdyb3VwIHRoYXQgZ2V0cyBicm9rZW4gb2ZmIHRoZSBtb2xlY3VsZSB0byByZWxlYXNlIGVuZXJneSBmb3IgY2VsbHVsYXIgd29yay4gV2hpY2ggbnVtYmVyIGlzIHBvaW50aW5nIHRvIHRoZSBwaG9zcGhhdGUgZ3JvdXBzPw==[Qq]
[f]IE5vLiBOdW1iZXIgMiBpcyB0aGUgbml0cm9nZW5vdXMgYmFzZSwgYWRlbmluZS4gSW4gQVRQLCBpdOKAmXMgdGhlIGxhc3QgcGhvc3BoYXRlIGdyb3VwIHRoYXQgZ2V0cyBicm9rZW4gb2ZmIHRoZSBtb2xlY3VsZSB0byByZWxlYXNlIGVuZXJneSBmb3IgY2VsbHVsYXIgd29yay4gV2hpY2ggbnVtYmVyIGlzIHBvaW50aW5nIHRvIHRoZSBwaG9zcGhhdGUgZ3JvdXBzPw==[Qq]
[f]IFllcy4gTnVtYmVyIDMgcmVmZXJzIHRvIHRoZSBwaG9zcGhhdGUgZ3JvdXBzLCB3aGljaCBpcyB3aGVyZSBBVFAgc3RvcmVzIGl0cyBlbmVyZ3kuIEJ5IGJyZWFraW5nIG9mZiB0aGUgbGFzdCBwaG9zcGhhdGUgZ3JvdXAsIGNlbGxzIHJlbGVhc2UgZW5lcmd5IGZvciBjZWxsdWxhciB3b3JrLg==
[q topic= “Energy, ATP, and ADP”]When ATP is converted to ADP and Phosphate, which chemical bond is broken?
[c]IE E=[Qq]
[c]IEI=[Qq]
[c]IEM=[Qq]
[f]IFllcy4gQnJlYWtpbmcgdGhlIGJvbmQgYXQg4oCYQeKAmSBjb252ZXJ0cyBBVFAgdG8gQURQIGFuZCBwaG9zcGhhdGUsIHJlbGVhc2luZyBlbmVyZ3kgZm9yIGNlbGx1bGFyIHdvcmsu[Qq]
[f]IE5vLiBUbyBjb252ZXJ0IEFUUCB0byBBRFAgYW5kIHBob3NwaGF0ZSwgdGhlIG91dGVybW9zdCBwaG9zcGhhdGUgZ3JvdXAgaXMgYnJva2VuIG9mZi4gV2hpY2ggYm9uZCB3b3VsZCBoYXZlIHRvIGJyZWFrIGluIG9yZGVyIHRvIHJlbGVhc2UgdGhlIG91dGVybW9zdCBwaG9zcGhhdGUgZ3JvdXA/[Qq]
[f]IE5vLiBUbyBjb252ZXJ0IEFUUCB0byBBRFAgYW5kIHBob3NwaGF0ZSwgdGhlIG91dGVybW9zdCBwaG9zcGhhdGUgZ3JvdXAgaXMgYnJva2VuIG9mZi4gV2hpY2ggYm9uZCB3b3VsZCBoYXZlIHRvIGJyZWFrIGluIG9yZGVyIHRvIHJlbGVhc2UgdGhlIG91dGVybW9zdCBwaG9zcGhhdGUgZ3JvdXA/
[q topic= “Energy, ATP, and ADP”]Which molecule shown below is ADP?
[c]IDE=[Qq]
[c]ID I=[Qq]
[f]IE5vLiBBRFAgaXMgc2hvcnQgZm9yIOKAmGFkZW5vc2luZSBkaS1waG9zcGhhdGUu4oCZIFRoZSDigJhkaeKAmSBzdGFuZHMgZm9yIHR3bywgYW5kIHJlZmVycyB0byB0aGUgdHdvIHBob3NwaGF0ZSBncm91cHMuIFdoaWNoIG9mIHRoZXNlIHR3byBtb2xlY3VsZXMgaGFzIFRXTyBwaG9zcGhhdGUgZ3JvdXBzPw==[Qq]
[f]IFllcy4gTW9sZWN1bGUgMiBpcyBBRFAsIHdoaWNoIHlvdSBjYW4gaWRlbnRpZnkgYnkgaXRzIHR3byBwaG9zcGhhdGUgZ3JvdXBzLg==
[q topic= “Energy, ATP, and ADP”]Which molecule below has more stored chemical energy?
[c]ID E=[Qq]
[c]IDI=[Qq]
[f]IFllcy4gQVRQLCB3aXRoIGl0cyB0aHJlZSBwaG9zcGhhdGUgZ3JvdXBzLCBoYXMgbW9yZSBzdG9yZWQgY2hlbWljYWwgZW5lcmd5IHRoYW4gZG9lcyBBRFAu[Qq]
[f]IE5vLiBJbiB0aGUgQVRQLUFEUCBzeXN0ZW0sIGhhdmluZyB0aHJlZSBwaG9zcGhhdGUgZ3JvdXBzIG1lYW5zIGhhdmluZyBtb3JlIGVuZXJneSB0aGFuIGhhdmluZyB0d28uIE5leHQgdGltZSwgY2hvb3NlIEFUUCwgd2hpY2ggaGFzIHRocmVlIHBob3NwaGF0ZSBncm91cHMu
[q topic= “Energy, ATP, and ADP”]When a cell needs to release a small amount of energy, it converts
[c]IEFUUCB0byBBRFAgYW 5kIHBob3NwaGF0ZQ==[Qq]
[c]IEFEUCBhbmQgcGhvc3BoYXRlIHRvIEFUUA==[Qq]
[f]IFllcy4gQ29udmVyc2lvbiBvZiBBVFAgdG8gQURQIGFuZCBwaG9zcGhhdGUgcmVsZWFzZXMgZW5lcmd5IGZvciBjZWxsdWxhciB3b3JrLg==[Qq]
[f]IE5vLiBDb252ZXJ0aW5nIEFEUCBhbmQgcGhvc3BoYXRlIHRvIEFUUCBpcyBob3cgY2VsbHMgU1RPUkUgZW5lcmd5LiBIb3cgZG8gY2VsbHMgcmVsZWFzZSBlbmVyZ3k/
[q topic= “Energy, ATP, and ADP”]When a cell needs to store a small amount of energy, it converts
[c]IEFUUCB0byBBRFAgYW5kIHBob3NwaGF0ZQ==[Qq]
[c]IEFEUCBhbmQgcGhvc3 BoYXRlIHRvIEFUUA==[Qq]
[f]IE5vLiBDb252ZXJzaW9uIG9mIEFUUCB0byBBRFAgYW5kIHBob3NwaGF0ZSByZWxlYXNlcyBlbmVyZ3ku[Qq]
[f]IFllcy4gQ29udmVydGluZyBBRFAgYW5kIFBob3NwaGF0ZSB0byBBVFAgaXMgaG93IGNlbGxzIHN0b3JlIGVuZXJneS4=
[q topic= “Energy, ATP, and ADP”]In this diagram of the ATP-ADP cycle, which letter represents energy release?
[c]IEE=[Qq]
[c]IE I=
[f]IE5vLiBMZXR0ZXIgQSBzaG93cyBBRFAgYW5kIFBob3NwaGF0ZSBiZWluZyBjb252ZXJ0ZWQgaW50byBBVFAsIHdoaWNoIGlzIGhvdyBjZWxscyBzdG9yZSBlbmVyZ3kgZm9yIGNlbGx1bGFyIHdvcmsu[Qq]
[f]IFllcy4gTGV0dGVyIEIgc2hvd3MgY29udmVyc2lvbiBvZiBBVFAgdG8gQURQIGFuZCBwaG9zcGhhdGUsIHdoaWNoIGlzIGhvdyBjZWxscyByZWxlYXNlIGVuZXJneSBmb3IgY2VsbHVsYXIgd29yay4=
[q topic= “Energy, ATP, and ADP”]Which of the following best describes the flow of energy in cells performing cellular respiration?
[c]IEZvb2QgdG8gQURQIHRvIGNlbGwgd29yaw==[Qq]
[c]IGZvb2QgZGlyZWN0bHkgdG8gY2VsbCB3b3Jr[Qq]
[c]IEFUUCB0byBmb29k[Qq]
[c]IGZvb2QgdG8gQVRQIH RvIGNlbGwgd29yaw==[Qq]
[f]IE5vLiBBRFAgaXNu4oCZdCB0aGUgbW9sZWN1bGUgdGhhdOKAmXMgYnJva2VuIGRvd24gZm9yIGNlbGwgd29yay4gRmluZCBhIHBhdGggd2hlcmUgQVRQIHByZWNlZGVzIGNlbGwgd29yay4=[Qq]
[f]IE5vLiBDZWxscyBoYXZlIHRvIGNvbnZlcnQgZm9vZCBlbmVyZ3kgdG8gQVRQIGJlZm9yZSB0aGV5IGNhbiBwZXJmb3JtIHdvcmsuIEZpbmQgYSBwYXRoIHdoZXJlIEFUUCBwcmVjZWRlcyBjZWxsIHdvcmsu[Qq]
[f]IE5vLiBJbiBjZWxsdWxhciByZXNwaXJhdGlvbiwgZm9vZCBpcyB1c2VkIHRvIG1ha2UgQVRQLiBGaW5kIGEgcGF0aCB3aGVyZSBBVFAgcHJlY2VkZXMgY2VsbCB3b3JrLg==[Qq]
[f]IFllcy4gRm9yIGNlbGxzIHRvIGhhdmUgdGhlIHR5cGUgb2YgZW5lcmd5IHRoZXkgbmVlZCB0byBwZXJmb3JtIHdvcmssIHRoZXkgbXVzdCBmaXJzdCBjb252ZXJ0IHRoZSBjaGVtaWNhbCBlbmVyZ3kgaW4gZm9vZCBpbnRvIHRoZSBjaGVtaWNhbCBlbmVyZ3kgaW4gQVRQLCB3aGljaCB0aGV5IGNhbiB0aGVuIHVzZSB0byBwZXJmb3JtIGNlbGx1bGFyIHdvcmsgLg==
[Qq]
[q topic= “cellular_respiration_overview”]The function of cellular respiration is to produce
[c]IGNhcmJvbiBkaW94aWRl[Qq]
[c]IGdsdWNvc2U=[Qq]
[c]IG94eWdlbg==[Qq]
[c]IEFU UA==[Qq]
[c]IHdhdGVy[Qq]
[f]IE5vLiBDYXJib24gZGlveGlkZSBpcyBvbmUgb2YgdGhlIHdhc3RlIHByb2R1Y3RzIG9mIGNlbGx1bGFyIHJlc3BpcmF0aW9uLiBOZXh0IHRpbWUsIGxvb2sgZm9yIHNvbWV0aGluZyB0aGF0IGNlbGx1bGFyIHJlc3BpcmF0aW9uIHByb2R1Y2VzIHRoYXQgZW5hYmxlcyB0aGUgY2VsbCB0byBkbyBzb21lIHdvcmsu[Qq]
[f]IE5vLiBHbHVjb3NlIGlzIHRoZSBmdWVsIGZvciBjZWxsdWxhciByZXNwaXJhdGlvbi4gTmV4dCB0aW1lLCBsb29rIGZvciBzb21ldGhpbmcgdGhhdCBjZWxsdWxhciByZXNwaXJhdGlvbiBwcm9kdWNlcyB0aGF0IGVuYWJsZXMgdGhlIGNlbGwgdG8gZG8gc29tZSB3b3JrLg==[Qq]
[f]IE5vLiBPeHlnZW4gaXMgYSByZXF1aXJlZCBpbnB1dCBmb3IgY2VsbHVsYXIgcmVzcGlyYXRpb24uIFlvdeKAmXJlIGxvb2tpbmcgZm9yIGFuIG91dHB1dC4gTmV4dCB0aW1lLCBsb29rIGZvciBzb21ldGhpbmcgdGhhdCBjZWxsdWxhciByZXNwaXJhdGlvbiBwcm9kdWNlcyB0aGF0IGVuYWJsZXMgdGhlIGNlbGwgdG8gZG8gc29tZSB3b3JrLg==[Qq]
[f]IFllcy4gUHJvZHVjdGlvbiBvZiBBVFAgaXMgdGhlIGdvYWwgb2YgY2VsbHVsYXIgcmVzcGlyYXRpb24uIEl04oCZcyB0aGUgbW9tZW50IHRvIG1vbWVudCBlbmVyZ3kgc291cmNlIHdpdGhpbiBjZWxscywgYW5kIGl04oCZcyB3aGF0IGVuYWJsZXMgY2VsbHMgdG8gZ2V0IHdvcmsgZG9uZS4=[Qq]
[f]IE5vLiBXYXRlciBpcyBvbmUgb2YgdGhlIHdhc3RlIHByb2R1Y3RzIG9mIGNlbGx1bGFyIHJlc3BpcmF0aW9uLiBOZXh0IHRpbWUsIGxvb2sgZm9yIHNvbWV0aGluZyB0aGF0IGNlbGx1bGFyIHJlc3BpcmF0aW9uIHByb2R1Y2VzIHRoYXQgZW5hYmxlcyB0aGUgY2VsbCB0byBkbyBzb21lIHdvcmsu
[q topic= “cellular_respiration_overview”]The formula for glucose is
[c]IEM=MTI=SA==Ng==Tw==[Qq]12
[c]IE M=Ng==SA==[Qq]12O6
[c]IEg=MTI=Qw==[Qq]6O6
[f]IE5vLiBBcyBpbiBhbGwgY2FyYm9oeWRyYXRlcywgdGhlcmUgYXJlIHR3byBoeWRyb2dlbnMgdG8gZXZlcnkgb25lIG94eWdlbiBpbiBnbHVjb3NlLiBTZWUgaWYgeW91IGNhbiBmaW5kIGEgZm9ybXVsYSB0aGF0IGhhcyB0aGUgSCBhbmQgTyBpbiBhIDI6MSByYXRpby4=[Qq]
[f]IFllcy4gR2x1Y29zZSBpcyB0aGUgZnVlbCBmb3IgY2VsbHVsYXIgcmVzcGlyYXRpb24sIGFuZCBpdHMgZm9ybXVsYSBpcyBDNg==SA==MTI=Tw==[Qq]6.
[f]IE5vLiBJbiBhIGNhcmJvaHlkcmF0ZSBsaWtlIGdsdWNvc2UsIHRoZSBjYXJib24gY29tZXMgZmlyc3QsIGFuZCB0aGVyZSBhcmUgdHdvIGh5ZHJvZ2VucyB0byBldmVyeSBvbmUgb3h5Z2VuLiBTZWUgaWYgeW91IGNhbiBmaW5kIGEgZm9ybXVsYSB0aGF0IGhhcyB0aGUgSCBhbmQgTyBpbiBhIDI6MSByYXRpby4=
[q topic= “cellular_respiration_overview”]In cells, cellular respiration begins in the
[c]IGVuZG9wbGFzbWljIHJldGljdWx1bQ==[Qq]
[c]IGdvbGdpIGFwcGFyYXR1cw==[Qq]
[c]IGN5dG9w bGFzbQ==[Qq]
[c]IG1pdG9jaG9uZHJpYQ==[Qq]
[f]IE5vLiBUaGUgRS5SLiBwbGF5cyBhIHJvbGUgaW4gdGhlIHN5bnRoZXNpcyBvZiBtYW55IG1vbGVjdWxlcywgYnV0IG5vdCBpbiByZXNwaXJhdGlvbi4gUmVzcGlyYXRpb24gYmVnaW5zIGluIHRoZSBzZW1pLWZsdWlkIG1hdGVyaWFsIGJldHdlZW4gdGhlIG1lbWJyYW5lIGFuZCB0aGUgbnVjbGV1cy4=[Qq]
[f]IE5vLiBUaGUgR29sZ2kgYXBwYXJhdHVzIHBsYXlzIGEgcm9sZSBpbiBwcm90ZWluIHBhY2thZ2luZyBhbmQgZXhwb3J0LCBidXQgbm90IGluIHJlc3BpcmF0aW9uLiBSZXNwaXJhdGlvbiBiZWdpbnMgaW4gdGhlIHNlbWktZmx1aWQgbWF0ZXJpYWwgYmV0d2VlbiB0aGUgbWVtYnJhbmUgYW5kIHRoZSBudWNsZXVzLg==[Qq]
[f]IFllcy4gUmVzcGlyYXRpb24gYmVnaW5zIGluIHRoZSBjeXRvcGxhc20sIGFuZCB0aGVuIGNvbnRpbnVlcyBpbiB0aGUgbWl0b2Nob25kcmlhLg==[Qq]
[f]IE5vLiBXaGlsZSB0aGUgYnVsayBvZiB0aGUgcmVhY3Rpb25zIGludm9sdmVkIGluIGNlbGx1bGFyIHJlc3BpcmF0aW9uIG9jY3VyIHdpdGhpbiB0aGUgbWl0b2Nob25kcmlhLCB0aGUgcGF0aHdheSBiZWdpbnMgaW4gdGhlIGN5dG9wbGFzbS4=
[q topic= “cellular_respiration_overview”]Most of the ATP produced in aerobic cellular respiration is produced in the
[c]IGVuZG9wbGFzbWljIHJldGljdWx1bQ==[Qq]
[c]IGdvbGdpIGFwcGFyYXR1cw==[Qq]
[c]IGN5dG9wbGFzbQ==[Qq]
[c]IG1pdG9jaG 9uZHJpYQ==[Qq]
[f]IE5vLiBUaGUgRS5SLiBwbGF5cyBhIHJvbGUgaW4gc3ludGhlc2lzIG9mIG1hbnkgbW9sZWN1bGVzLCBidXQgbm90IGluIHJlc3BpcmF0aW9uLiBNb3N0IG9mIHRoZSBBVFAgcHJvZHVjZWQgZHVyaW5nIHJlc3BpcmF0aW9uIG9jY3VycyBpbiBhbiBvcmdhbmVsbGUgdGhhdCBpcyBwcmFjdGljYWxseSBhIGNlbGwgaW4gaXRzIG93biByaWdodC4=[Qq]
[f]IE5vLiBUaGUgR29sZ2kgYXBwYXJhdHVzIHBsYXlzIGEgcm9sZSBpbiBwcm90ZWluIHBhY2thZ2luZyBhbmQgZXhwb3J0LCBidXQgbm90IGluIHJlc3BpcmF0aW9uLiBNb3N0IG9mIHRoZSBBVFAgcHJvZHVjZWQgZHVyaW5nIHJlc3BpcmF0aW9uIG9jY3VycyBpbiBhbiBvcmdhbmVsbGUgdGhhdCBpcyBwcmFjdGljYWxseSBhIGNlbGwgaW4gaXRzIG93biByaWdodC4=[Qq]
[f]IE5vLiBSZXNwaXJhdGlvbiBiZWdpbnMgaW4gdGhlIGN5dG9wbGFzbSwgYnV0IG1vc3Qgb2YgdGhlIEFUUCBwcm9kdWNlZCBkdXJpbmcgcmVzcGlyYXRpb24gb2NjdXJzIGluIGFuIG9yZ2FuZWxsZSB0aGF0IGlzIHByYWN0aWNhbGx5IGEgY2VsbCBpbiBpdHMgb3duIHJpZ2h0Lg==[Qq]
[f]IFllcy4gVGhvdWdoIHJlc3BpcmF0aW9uIGJlZ2lucyBpbiB0aGUgY3l0b3BsYXNtLCB0aGUgYnVsayBvZiB0aGUgcmVhY3Rpb25zIGludm9sdmVkIGluIGNlbGx1bGFyIHJlc3BpcmF0aW9uIG9jY3VyIHdpdGhpbiB0aGUgbWl0b2Nob25kcmlhLCBhbmQgdGhhdOKAmXMgd2hlcmUgbW9zdCBvZiB0aGUgQVRQIGlzIHByb2R1Y2VkLg==
[q topic= “cellular_respiration_overview”]The correct chemical reaction for cellular respiration is
[c]IEM=Ng==SA==MTI=Tw==[Qq]6 + 6CO2 + energy(ATP) ? 6CO2 + 6O2
[c]IE M=Ng==SA==[Qq]12O6 + 6O2 ? energy(ATP) + 6CO2 + 6H2O
[c]IDZDTw==Mg==ICsgNkg=[Qq]2O ? Energy(light) + C6H12O6 + 6O2
[c]IDZIMg==TyArIDZP[Qq]2 ? 6CO2 + 6H2O
[f]IE5vLiBGaW5kIGEgcmVhY3Rpb24gdGhhdCBiZWdpbnMgd2l0aCBnbHVjb3NlLCBjb21iaW5lcyBpdCB3aXRoIG94eWdlbiwgYW5kIHJlbGVhc2VzIGVuZXJneSwgY2FyYm9uIGRpb3hpZGUsIGFuZCB3YXRlci4=[Qq]
[f]IEV4Y2VsbGVudC4gQ2VsbHVsYXIgcmVzcGlyYXRpb24gYmVnaW5zIHdpdGggZ2x1Y29zZSwgY29tYmluZXMgaXQgd2l0aCBveHlnZW4sIGFuZCByZWxlYXNlcyBlbmVyZ3ksIGNhcmJvbiBkaW94aWRlLCBhbmQgd2F0ZXIu[Qq]
[f]IE5vLiBGaW5kIGEgcmVhY3Rpb24gdGhhdCBiZWdpbnMgd2l0aCBnbHVjb3NlLCBjb21iaW5lcyBpdCB3aXRoIG94eWdlbiwgYW5kIHJlbGVhc2VzIGVuZXJneSwgY2FyYm9uIGRpb3hpZGUsIGFuZCB3YXRlci4gVGhpcyBlcXVhdGlvbiwgYnkgdGhlIHdheSwgaXMgdGhlIGNvcnJlY3QgZXF1YXRpb24gZm9yIHBob3Rvc3ludGhlc2lzLiBJZiB5b3UgcmV2ZXJzZSB0aGUgcmVhY3Rpb24sIHlvdeKAmWxsIGhhdmUgdGhlIHJlYWN0aW9uIGZvciBjZWxsdWxhciByZXNwaXJhdGlvbi4=[Qq]
[f]IE5vLiBGaW5kIGEgcmVhY3Rpb24gdGhhdCBiZWdpbnMgd2l0aCBnbHVjb3NlLCBjb21iaW5lcyBpdCB3aXRoIG94eWdlbiwgYW5kIHJlbGVhc2VzIGVuZXJneSwgY2FyYm9uIGRpb3hpZGUsIGFuZCB3YXRlci4=
[q topic= “cellular_respiration_overview”]Of the following, a waste product of cellular respiration is
[c]IGNhcmJvbi BkaW94aWRl[Qq]
[c]IGdsdWNvc2U=[Qq]
[c]IG94eWdlbg==[Qq]
[c]IEFUUA==[Qq]
[f]IFllcy4gQ2FyYm9uIGRpb3hpZGUgaXMgb25lIG9mIHRoZSB3YXN0ZSBwcm9kdWN0cyBvZiBjZWxsdWxhciByZXNwaXJhdGlvbi4gVGhlIG90aGVyIGlzIHdhdGVyIHZhcG9yLg==[Qq]
[f]IE5vLiBHbHVjb3NlIGlzIHRoZSBmdWVsIGFuZCBrZXkgaW5wdXQgZm9yIGNlbGx1bGFyIHJlc3BpcmF0aW9uLiBGaW5kIHNvbWV0aGluZyB0aGF0IGNvbWVzIG91dCBvZiByZXNwaXJhdGlvbiwgYW5kIHdoaWNoIGlzIGFsc28gZm91bmQgaW4gYSBjYXLigJlzIGV4aGF1c3Qu[Qq]
[f]IE5vLiBPeHlnZW4gaXMgYW4gZXNzZW50aWFsIGluZ3JlZGllbnQgZm9yIHJlc3BpcmF0aW9uLCBhbmQgYSBrZXkgaW5wdXQuIEZpbmQgc29tZXRoaW5nIHRoYXQgY29tZXMgb3V0IG9mIHJlc3BpcmF0aW9uLCBhbmQgd2hpY2ggaXMgYWxzbyBmb3VuZCBpbiBhIGNhcuKAmXMgZXhoYXVzdC4=[Qq]
[f]IE5vLiBBVFAgaXMgdGhlIGdvYWwgb2YgY2VsbHVsYXIgcmVzcGlyYXRpb24uIEl04oCZcyB0aGUgcmVhc29uIGZvciB0aGUgZW50aXJlIHByb2Nlc3MuIEZpbmQgc29tZXRoaW5nIHRoYXQgY29tZXMgb3V0IG9mIHJlc3BpcmF0aW9uLCBhbmQgd2hpY2ggaXMgYWxzbyBmb3VuZCBpbiBhIGNhcuKAmXMgZXhoYXVzdC4=
[q topic= “cellular_respiration_overview”]Of the following, a waste product of cellular respiration is
[c]IG94eWdlbg==[Qq]
[c]IHdh dGVy[Qq]
[c]IEFUUA==[Qq]
[c]IGdsdWNvc2U=[Qq]
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[q topic= “cellular_respiration_overview”]The fuel in cellular respiration is
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[q topic= “cellular_respiration_overview”]A germinating seed, before it puts out its leaves, is only performing
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[q topic= “cellular_respiration_overview”]During the daytime, a plant with leaves is performing
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[q topic= “cellular_respiration_overview”]During the nighttime, a plant with leaves is performing
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[q topic= “cellular_respiration_overview”]Sprouting seeds (which have not yet produced any leaves) are kept in a closed container. Air can’t enter or leave the container. If you measure the gases in the air in the chamber, you would expect to find that, over time,
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[q topic= “cellular_respiration_overview”]Bromthymol blue (BTB) is a pH indicator that turns yellow when a solution is acidic, and blue when a solution is basic. When carbon dioxide is dissolved in water, it creates a weak acid. A small fish is placed in a beaker of water containing bromthymol blue. The solution is initially blue. What will happen, and why?
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[/qwiz]
Links
Depending on your course and instructor, this tutorial might end your study of cellular respiration. Or you might continue on to Cellular Respiration, the details (a more advanced treatment of these topics)