The Cell Cycle and Mitosis

1. Watch this video

2. Study this summary

Big Picture: What Does Mitosis Do?

Definition: Mitosis (eukaryotic cell division) duplicates chromosomes and transmits the entire genome from the parent cell to two daughter cells.
Functions:
1. Enables growth and development in multicellular organisms.
2. Facilitates tissue repair and replacement.
3. Allows reproduction in unicellular eukaryotes (e.g., amoebas).

The Cell Cycle

Divided into two main phases:
1. Interphase (Preparation for division):
  - G1 Phase: Growth phase 1; the cell increases in size.
  - S Phase: Synthesis phase; DNA replication occurs.
  - G2 Phase: Growth phase 2; organelles and structures required for cell division are prepared.
2. M Phase (Division):
  - Includes mitosis (chromosome separation) and cytokinesis (cytoplasm division).

A few Key Terms

Chromatin: The relaxed form of DNA during interphase.
Sister Chromatids: Identical copies of a chromosome, attached at the centromere.
Kinetochore: A protein structure on chromatids where spindle fibers attach.

Phases of Mitosis

Interphase:
- The cell grows and duplicates its DNA but appears inactive under a microscope.
Prophase:
- Chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes.
- Nuclear membrane disintegrates.
- Spindle apparatus begins to form from centrosomes.
Metaphase:
- Spindle fibers attach to chromosomes at their centromeres.
- Chromosomes are aligned at the cell’s equator (metaphase plate).
Anaphase:
- Spindle fibers pull sister chromatids apart, moving them to opposite poles.
- Non-kinetochore microtubules elongate the cell.
Telophase:
- New nuclear membranes form around each set of chromosomes.
- Chromosomes relax into their interphase form, and the nucleolus reappears.
Cytokinesis:
- The cytoplasm divides, resulting in two genetically identical daughter cells.

The Importance of the G₀ Phase

G₀ Phase: A resting state where cells exit the cell cycle and stop dividing.
- Example: Highly specialized cells like nerve and muscle cells enter G₀.
- Some cells in G₀ can reenter the cell cycle in response to specific stimuli.

3. Master these flashcards

[qdeck style=”min-height: 450px !important; width: 600px !important;” bold_text=”false”]

[h] Cell Cycle and Mitosis Flashcards

[q json=”true” yy=”4″ unit=”4.Cell_Communication,_Cell_Cycle,_Feedback” dataset_id=”AP_Bio_Flashcards_2022|1a91bc167b910″ question_number=”159″ topic=”4.6.Cell_Cycle”] List the two major phases of the cell cycle. Then list the sub-phases of each phase. (note: this is not asking you to describe the stages of mitosis, but the entire cycle).

[a] The cell cycle consists of two major phases: Interphase (I) and M Phase. Interphase has 3 sub-phases: G₁, S, and G₂. M Phase has 2 sub-phases: mitosis and cytokinesis.

[q json=”true” unit=”4.Cell_Communication,_Cell_Cycle,_Feedback” dataset_id=”AP_Bio_Flashcards_2022|1a88b66868110″ question_number=”160″ topic=”4.6.Cell_Cycle”] Describe what occurs in each of the three sub-phases of interphase.

[a] Interphase involves three sub-phases.

G₁ is a growth phase in which the cell increases in size. At the end of G₁ is a checkpoint in which the cell checks that everything is ready for DNA replication.
If a cell passes the G₁ checkpoint, it enters into the S (synthesis) phase. During this phase, DNA is replicated.
Following S the cell enters into G₂. G₂ involves the continued growth and production of molecules and structures required for M phase. G₂ ends with another checkpoint.

If the G₂ checkpoint is passed, the cell enters into the M phase (mitosis and cytokinesis)

[q json=”true” yy=”4″ unit=”4.Cell_Communication,_Cell_Cycle,_Feedback” dataset_id=”AP_Bio_Flashcards_2022|1a7f8b7996510″ question_number=”161″ topic=”4.6.Cell_Cycle”] On the big picture level, what does mitosis do? List three of its key functions in living things. Note that in this context, “mitosis” is synonymous with “eukaryotic cell division.”

[a] Mitosis duplicates the chromosomes of a eukaryotic cell, transmitting that cell’s entire genome to its daughter cells. In multicellular organisms, mitosis is how the organism grows and repairs itself. In unicellular eukaryotes, mitosis is how reproduction occurs.

[q json=”true” yy=”4″ unit=”4.Cell_Communication,_Cell_Cycle,_Feedback” dataset_id=”AP_Bio_Flashcards_2022|1a74ec0356110″ question_number=”162″ topic=”4.6.Cell_Cycle”] Describe the three phases of mitosis that follow metaphase.

[a] During anaphase, the sister chromatids are pulled apart (3), and dragged to opposite ends of the cell. Non-kinetochore microtubules cause the cell to elongate. During telophase, a new nuclear membrane (2) forms around each set of chromosomes. The chromosomes spread out, and a nucleolus appears in each nucleus. During cytokinesis, the cell splits apart into two daughter cells.

[q json=”true” yy=”4″ unit=”4.Cell_Communication,_Cell_Cycle,_Feedback” topic=”4.6.Cell_Cycle” dataset_id=”AP_Bio_Flashcards_2022|67e7e80d1d624″ question_number=”163″] Briefly describe the first three stages of mitosis.

[a] During interphase, the cell grows and replicates its DNA. (2). During prophase, the chromosomes (3) condense, the nuclear membrane (2) disintegrates, and a spindle apparatus (1) begins to form. During metaphase, the spindle fibers, pull each chromosome to the cell equator. Each chromosome is doubled, consisting of two sister chromatids.

[q json=”true” yy=”4″ unit=”4.Cell_Communication,_Cell_Cycle,_Feedback” topic=”4.6.Cell_Cycle” dataset_id=”AP_Bio_Flashcards_2022|4281098a7604c” question_number=”164″] Explain the importance of the G₀ phase of the cell cycle.

[a] Not all cells go through the entire cycle. Any specialized cell — muscle cells and nerve cells, for example — leaves the cell cycle and enters into what’s called G₀. Cells in G₀ no longer divide. Certain stimuli, however, can induce a cell in G₀ to reenter the cell cycle.

[/qdeck]

4. Tackle these quizzes

4.1. Mitosis: Basic Concepts

[qwiz random = “true”]

[h] Mitosis Key concepts

[i] Here’s how these quizzes work:

Each question is multiple-choice, but the entire quiz is like a series of flashcards.
If you get the question right, it comes off the deck.
If you get the question wrong, it goes to the bottom of the deck, so you can try it again.

[q]Which of the following is NOT a function that cell division plays in multicellular organisms?

[c]IHJlcGFpcmluZyBkYW1hZ2VkIHRpc3N1ZXM=[Qq]

[c]IHByb3ZpZGluZyBhZGRpdGlvbmFsIGNlbGxzIGZvciBncm93dGg=[Qq]

[c]IHNlbmRpbmcgc2lnbmFscyB0aH JvdWdob3V0IHlvdXIgYm9keS4=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBOb3RlIHRoYXQgdGhpcyBxdWVzdGlvbiBpcyBhc2tpbmcgeW91IOKAmHdoaWNoIGlzIE5PVCBhIGZ1bmN0aW9uIG9mIGNlbGwgZGl2aXNpb24u4oCZIFRoZSB3YXkgdGhhdCB5b3VyIGJvZHkgcmVwYWlycyBkYW1hZ2VkIHRpc3N1ZXMgaXMgYnkgcmVwbGFjaW5nIHRoZSBkYW1hZ2VkIGNlbGxzLCBhbmQgdGhhdCBoYXBwZW5zIHRocm91Z2ggY2VsbCBkaXZpc2lvbi4gTmV4dCB0aW1lIHlvdSBzZWUgdGhpcyBxdWVzdGlvbiwgdHJ5IHRvIGlkZW50aWZ5IGEgZnVuY3Rpb24gdGhhdOKAmXMgTk9UIGNvbm5lY3RlZCB0byBjZWxsIGRpdmlzaW9uLg==[Qq]

[f]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[Qq]

[f]IFllcyEgU2lnbmFsaW5nIGhhcHBlbnMgZWl0aGVyIHRocm91Z2ggd2F2ZXMgb2YgaW9ucyBmbG93aW5nIGFsb25nIG5lcnZlIGNlbGwgbWVtYnJhbmVzIG9yIHRocm91Z2ggdGhlIHJlbGVhc2Ugb2YgaG9ybW9uZXMgaW50byB0aGUgYmxvb2RzdHJlYW0uIEluIG90aGVyIHdvcmRzLCBjZWxsIGRpdmlzaW9uIGRvZXNu4oCZdCBwbGF5IGFueSBkaXJlY3Qgcm9sZSBpbiB0aGVzZSBwcm9jZXNzZXMu

Cg==

[Qq]

[q]Which of the following diseases is most directly related to abnormal cell division?

[c]IGNhbm Nlcg==[Qq]

[c]IGN5c3RpYyBmaWJyb3Npcw==[Qq]

[c]IEhlYXJ0IGF0dGFjaw==[Qq]

[c]IERpYWJldGVz[Qq]

[f]IEV4YWN0bHkuIENhbmNlciBpcyBhIGRpc2Vhc2Ugb2YgYWJub3JtYWwgY2VsbCBkaXZpc2lvbi4=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBDeXN0aWMgZmlicm9zaXMgaXMgYSBnZW5ldGljIGRpc2Vhc2UgY2F1c2VkIGJ5IHRoZSBtYWxmdW5jdGlvbiBvZiBhIGNobG9yaW5lIGlvbiB0cmFuc3BvcnRlciBpbiB0aGUgY2VsbCBtZW1icmFuZXMgb2YgY2VsbHMgaW4geW91ciBsdW5ncyBhbmQgb3RoZXIgb3JnYW5zLiBOZXh0IHRpbWUsIGNob29zZSBhIGRpc2Vhc2UgdGhhdCBpcyBkaXJlY3RseSByZWxhdGVkIHRvIGNlbGwgZGl2aXNpb24u[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBIZWFydCBhdHRhY2tzIGFyZSBjYXVzZWQgYnkgYmxvY2tlZCBhcnRlcmllcyBpbiB0aGUgaGVhcnQsIHdoaWNoIGNhdXNlIHRoZSBjZWxscyBkb3duc3RyZWFtIG9mIHRoZSBibG9ja2FnZSB0byBiZWNvbWUgZGFtYWdlZCAob3IgZXZlbiBkaWUpLiBOZXh0IHRpbWUsIGNob29zZSBhIGRpc2Vhc2UgdGhhdCBpcyBkaXJlY3RseSByZWxhdGVkIHRvIGNlbGwgZGl2aXNpb24u[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBEaWFiZXRlcyBpcyBhIG1ldGFib2xpYyBkaXNlYXNlIGludm9sdmluZyB0aGUgYm9keeKAmXMgaW5hYmlsaXR5IHRvIGNvbnRyb2wgYmxvb2Qgc3VnYXIgbGV2ZWxzLiBOZXh0IHRpbWUsIGNob29zZSBhIGRpc2Vhc2UgdGhhdCBpcyBkaXJlY3RseSByZWxhdGVkIHRvIGNlbGwgZGl2aXNpb24u

Cg==

[Qq]

[q] Genetically, what’s the relationship between the daughter cells that result from cell division, and the parent cell?

[c]IFRoZSByZWxhdGlvbnNoaXAgaXMgZXhhY3RseSBsaWtlIHRoZSByZWxhdGlvbnNoaXAgYmV0d2VlbiB0aGUgbW90aGVyIGFuZCBhIGRhdWdodGVyIGluIGEgaHVtYW4gZmFtaWx5Lg==[Qq]

[c]IFRoZSBkYXVnaHRlciBjZWxscyBmcm9tIG1pdG9zaXMgYW5kIGNlbGwgZGl2aXNpb24gYXJlIGV4YWN0 IGR1cGxpY2F0ZXMsIG9yIGNsb25lcyBvZiBlYWNoIG90aGVyLCBhbmQgdGhlIHBhcmVudCBjZWxsLg==[Qq]

[c]IFRoZSBkYXVnaHRlciBjZWxscyBhcmUgaWRlbnRpY2FsIHRvIGVhY2ggb3RoZXIsIGJ1dCBvbmx5IGhhbGZ3YXkgcmVsYXRlZCB0byB0aGUgbW90aGVyIChqdXN0IGxpa2UgaWRlbnRpY2FsIHR3aW5zIGluIGEgaHVtYW4gZmFtaWx5KS4=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBJbiBhIGh1bWFuIGZhbWlseSwgYSBkYXVnaHRlciByZWNlaXZlcyBoYWxmIG9mIGhlciBETkEgZnJvbSBoZXIgbW90aGVyIGFuZCBoYWxmIGZyb20gaGVyIGZhdGhlci4gSW4gbWl0b3NpcyBhbmQgY2VsbCBkaXZpc2lvbiwgdGhlIGRhdWdodGVyIGNlbGxzIHJlY2VpdmUgYWxsIG9mIHRoZWlyIEROQSBmcm9tIHRoZSBwYXJlbnQgY2VsbC4gVGhlIHBhcmVudCBjZWxsLCBhZnRlciBjZWxsIGRpdmlzaW9uLCBubyBsb25nZXIgZXhpc3RzLiBJdCBoYXMgYmVjb21lIHRoZSBkYXVnaHRlciBjZWxscywgZWFjaCBvZiB3aGljaCBpcyBoYWxmIG5ldywgYW5kIGhhbGYgb2xkLg==[Qq]

[f]IFRoYXTigJlzIGV4YWN0bHkgcmlnaHQuIEVhY2ggZGF1Z2h0ZXIgY2VsbCBpcyBpZGVudGljYWwgdG8gdGhlIG90aGVyIGRhdWdodGVyIGNlbGwsIGFuZCB0aGUgcGFyZW50IGNlbGwuwqAgVA==aGUgcGFyZW50IGNlbGwsIGFmdGVyIGNlbGwgZGl2aXNpb24sIG5vIGxvbmdlciBleGlzdHMuIEl0IGhhcyBiZWNvbWUgdGhlIGRhdWdodGVyIGNlbGxzLCBlYWNoIG9mIHdoaWNoIGlzIGhhbGYgbmV3LCBhbmQgaGFsZiBvbGQu[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBVbmxpa2UgaHVtYW4gaWRlbnRpY2FsIHR3aW5zLCB0aGUgY2VsbHMgdGhhdCByZXN1bHQgZnJvbSBtaXRvc2lzIGFuZCBjZWxsIGRpdmlzaW9uIGFyZSBub3Qgb25seSBleGFjdCBnZW5ldGljIGNvcGllcyBvZiBvbmUgYW5vdGhlci4gVGhleeKAmXJlIGFsc28gZXhhY3QgY29waWVzIG9mIHRoZSBwYXJlbnQgY2VsbCAod2hvIG5vIGxvbmdlciBleGlzdHMsIGhhdmluZyBiZWNvbWUgdGhlIHR3byBkYXVnaHRlciBjZWxscyku

Cg==

[Qq]

[q] In the diagram below (showing the major events in cell division), which number is showing the separation of sister chromatids?

[c]IDE=[Qq]

[c]IDI=[Qq]

[c]ID M=[Qq]

[c]IDQ=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBJbiB0aGlzIGZpcnN0IHN0ZXAsIHNpbmdsZSBjaHJvbW9zb21lcyBhcmUgYmVjb21pbmcgZG91YmxlZCBjaHJvbW9zb21lcywgZWFjaCBjb25zaXN0aW5nIG9mIHR3byBzaXN0ZXIgY2hyb21hdGlkcy4gTmV4dCB0aW1lLCBsb29rIGZvciBhIHN0ZXAgd2hlcmUgdGhlc2Ugc2lzdGVyIGNocm9tYXRpZHMgYXJlIGJlaW5nIHNlcGFyYXRlZCBpbnRvIHNpbmdsZSBjaHJvbW9zb21lcw==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBBZnRlciBzdGVwIDEsIHRoZSBjaHJvbW9zb21lcyBhcmUgZG91YmxlZCwgY29uc2lzdGluZyBvZiB0d28gc2lzdGVyIGNocm9tYXRpZHMuIEluIHN0ZXAgMiwgdGhlIHNwaW5kbGUgYXBwYXJhdHVzIGlzIGNvbnN0cnVjdGVkLiBOZXh0IHRpbWUsIGxvb2sgZm9yIGEgc3RlcCB3aGVyZSB0aGVzZSBzaXN0ZXIgY2hyb21hdGlkcyBhcmUgYmVpbmcgc2VwYXJhdGVkIGludG8gc2luZ2xlIGNocm9tb3NvbWVzLg==[Qq]

[f]IEF3ZXNvbWUhIEFmdGVyIHN0ZXAgMSwgdGhlIGNocm9tb3NvbWVzIGFyZSBkb3VibGVkLCBjb25zaXN0aW5nIG9mIHR3byBzaXN0ZXIgY2hyb21hdGlkcy4gSW4gc3RlcCAyLCB0aGUgc3BpbmRsZSBhcHBhcmF0dXMgaXMgY29uc3RydWN0ZWQuIEluIHN0ZXAgMywgdGhlIHNpc3RlciBjaHJvbWF0aWRzIGFyZSBiZWluZyBwdWxsZWQgYXBhcnQu[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBCeSBzdGVwIGZvdXIsIHRoZSBzaXN0ZXIgY2hyb21hdGlkcyBoYXZlIGFscmVhZHkgYmVlbiBwdWxsZWQgYXBhcnQgaW50byBzaW5nbGUgY2hyb21vc29tZXMsIGFuZCB0aGUgY2VsbCBpcyBzcGxpdHRpbmcgaW4gaGFsZiwgYSBwcm9jZXNzIGNhbGxlZCBjeXRva2luZXNpcy4gTmV4dCB0aW1lLCBsb29rIGZvciBhIHN0ZXAgd2hlcmUgZG91YmxlZCBjaHJvbW9zb21lcyAoYWxzbyBrbm93biBhcyBzaXN0ZXIgY2hyb21hdGlkcykgYXJlIGJlaW5nIHNlcGFyYXRlZCBpbnRvIHNpbmdsZSBjaHJvbW9zb21lcy4=

Cg==

[Qq]

[q]In the diagram below (showing the major events in cell division), which number is showing chromosome duplication?

[c]ID E=[Qq]

[c]IDI=[Qq]

[c]IDM=[Qq]

[c]IDQ=[Qq]

[f]IEV4YWN0bHkuIEluIHN0ZXAgMSwgc2luZ2xlIGNocm9tb3NvbWVzIGFyZSBkdXBsaWNhdGVkLCBiZWNvbWluZyBkb3VibGVkIGNocm9tb3NvbWVzIGNvbnNpc3Rpbmcgb2YgdHdvIHNpc3RlciBjaHJvbWF0aWRzLg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBJbiBzdGVwIDIsIHRoZSBzcGluZGxlIGFwcGFyYXR1cyBpcyBjb25zdHJ1Y3RlZC4gVGhlIGNocm9tb3NvbWVzIGFyZSBhbHJlYWR5IGRvdWJsZWQgYW5kIGhhdmUgYSBjaGFyYWN0ZXJpc3RpYyDigJhY4oCZIHNoYXBlZCBmb3JtLiBOZXh0IHRpbWUsIGxvb2sgZm9yIGEgc3RlcCB3aGVyZSBzaW5nbGUgY2hyb21vc29tZXMgKHdoaWNoIGRvbuKAmXQgbG9vayBsaWtlIGFuIOKAmFgs4oCZIGFyZSBiZWluZyBkb3VibGVkIHNvIHRoYXQgdGhleSBkbyBsb29rIGxpa2UgYW4g4oCYWC7igJk=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBJbiBzdGVwIDMsIHRoZSBzaXN0ZXIgY2hyb21hdGlkcyBhcmUgYmVpbmcgcHVsbGVkIGFwYXJ0LiBOZXh0IHRpbWUsIGxvb2sgZm9yIGEgc3RlcCB3aGVyZSBzaW5nbGUgY2hyb21vc29tZXMgKHdoaWNoIGRvbuKAmXQgbG9vayBsaWtlIGFuIOKAmFgs4oCZIGFyZSBiZWluZyBkb3VibGVkIHNvIHRoYXQgdGhleSBkbyBsb29rIGxpa2UgYW4g4oCYWC7igJk=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBJbiBzdGVwIDQswqAgdGhlIGNlbGwgaXMgc3BsaXR0aW5nIGluIGhhbGYsIGEgcHJvY2VzcyBjYWxsZWQgY3l0b2tpbmVzaXMuIE5leHQgdGltZSwgbG9vayBmb3IgYSBzdGVwIHdoZXJlIHNpbmdsZSBjaHJvbW9zb21lcyAod2hpY2ggZG9u4oCZdCBsb29rIGxpa2UgYW4g4oCYWCzigJkgYXJlIGJlaW5nIGRvdWJsZWQgc28gdGhhdCB0aGV5IGRvIGxvb2sgbGlrZSBhbiDigJhYLuKAmQ==

Cg==

[Qq]

[q]In the diagram below (showing the major events in cell division), which number is showing cytokinesis?

[c]IDE=[Qq]

[c]IDI=[Qq]

[c]IDM=[Qq]

[c]ID Q=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBJbiBzdGVwIDIsIHRoZSBzcGluZGxlIGFwcGFyYXR1cyBpcyBjb25zdHJ1Y3RlZC4gTmV4dCB0aW1lLCBsb29rIGZvciBhIHN0ZXAgdGhhdCBzaG93cyBvbmUgY2VsbCBiZWNvbWluZyB0d28gY2VsbHMu[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBJbiBzdGVwIDMsIHRoZSBzaXN0ZXIgY2hyb21hdGlkcyBhcmUgYmVpbmcgcHVsbGVkIGFwYXJ0LiBOZXh0IHRpbWUsIGxvb2sgZm9yIGEgc3RlcCB0aGF0IHNob3dzIG9uZSBjZWxsIGJlY29taW5nIHR3byBjZWxscy4=[Qq]

[f]IFBlcmZlY3QhIEluIHN0ZXAgNCw=wqAgdGhlIGNlbGwgaXMgc3BsaXR0aW5nIGluIGhhbGYsIGEgcHJvY2VzcyBjYWxsZWQgY3l0b2tpbmVzaXMu

Cg==

[Qq]

[q]In the diagram below (showing the major events in cell division), which number is showing the creation of the spindle apparatus, which is the mechanism for pulling doubled chromosomes (also known as sister chromatids) apart?

[c]IDE=[Qq]

[c]ID I=[Qq]

[c]IDM=[Qq]

[c]IDQ=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBJbiBzdGVwIDEsIHNpbmdsZSBjaHJvbW9zb21lcyBhcmUgZHVwbGljYXRlZCwgYmVjb21pbmcgZG91YmxlZCBjaHJvbW9zb21lcyBjb25zaXN0aW5nIG9mIHR3byBzaXN0ZXIgY2hyb21hdGlkcy4gTmV4dCB0aW1lLCBsb29rIGZvciBhIHN0ZXAgdGhhdCBzaG93cyB0aGUgYXBwZWFyYW5jZSBvZiBhbiBhcnJheSBvZiBmaWJlcnMgaW4gdGhlIGNlbGwuIFRoZXNlIGZpYmVycyBtYWtlIHVwIHRoZSBzcGluZGxlIGFwcGFyYXR1cywgYW5kIHRoZWlyIGZ1bmN0aW9uIGlzIHRvIHB1bGwgYXBhcnQgdGhlIHNpc3RlciBjaHJvbWF0aWRzLg==[Qq]

[f]IFRlcnJpZmljISBJbiBzdGVwIDIsIHRoZSBzcGluZGxlIGFwcGFyYXR1cyBpcyBjb25zdHJ1Y3RlZC4=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBJbiBzdGVwIDMsIHRoZSBzaXN0ZXIgY2hyb21hdGlkcyBhcmUgYmVpbmcgcHVsbGVkIGFwYXJ0LiBOZXh0IHRpbWUsIGxvb2sgZm9yIGEgc3RlcCB0aGF0IHNob3dzIHRoZSBhcHBlYXJhbmNlIG9mIGFuIGFycmF5IG9mIGZpYmVycyBpbiB0aGUgY2VsbC4gVGhlc2UgZmliZXJzIG1ha2UgdXAgdGhlIHNwaW5kbGUgYXBwYXJhdHVzLCBhbmQgdGhlaXIgZnVuY3Rpb24gaXMgdG8gcHVsbCBhcGFydCB0aGUgc2lzdGVyIGNocm9tYXRpZHMu[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBJbiBzdGVwIDQswqAgdGhlIGNlbGwgaXMgc3BsaXR0aW5nIGluIGhhbGYsIGEgcHJvY2VzcyBjYWxsZWQgY3l0b2tpbmVzaXMuIE5leHQgdGltZSwgbG9vayBmb3IgYSBzdGVwIHRoYXQgc2hvd3MgdGhlIGFwcGVhcmFuY2Ugb2YgYW4gYXJyYXkgb2YgZmliZXJzIGluIHRoZSBjZWxsLiBUaGVzZSBmaWJlcnMgbWFrZSB1cCB0aGUgc3BpbmRsZSBhcHBhcmF0dXMsIGFuZCB0aGVpciBmdW5jdGlvbiBpcyB0byBwdWxsIGFwYXJ0IHRoZSBzaXN0ZXIgY2hyb21hdGlkcy4=

Cg==

[Qq]

[q]In the diagram below (showing the major events in cell division), which number shows replication of DNA?

[c]ID E=[Qq]

[c]IDI=[Qq]

[c]IDM=[Qq]

[c]IDQ=[Qq]

[f]IE5pY2UhIEluIHN0ZXAgMSwgc2luZ2xlIGNocm9tb3NvbWVzIGFyZSBkdXBsaWNhdGVkLCBiZWNvbWluZyBkb3VibGVkIGNocm9tb3NvbWVzIGNvbnNpc3Rpbmcgb2YgdHdvIHNpc3RlciBjaHJvbWF0aWRzLiBUaGUgZG91Ymxpbmcgb2YgY2hyb21vc29tZXMgY29tZXMgYWJvdXQgdGhyb3VnaCB0aGUgcmVwbGljYXRpb24gb2YgRE5BLg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBJbiBzdGVwIDIsIHRoZSBzcGluZGxlIGFwcGFyYXR1cyBpcyBjb25zdHJ1Y3RlZC4gRE5BIHJlcGxpY2F0aW9uIG9jY3VycyBhcyBzaW5nbGUgY2hyb21vc29tZXMgKHdoaWNoIGRvbuKAmXQgbG9vayBsaWtlIGFuIOKAmFjigJkpIGJlY29tZSBkb3VibGVkIGNocm9tb3NvbWVzICh3aGljaCBkbyBsb29rIGxpa2UgYW4g4oCYWOKAmSkuIE5leHQgdGltZSwgZmluZCBhIHN0ZXAgd2hlcmUgdGhpcyBjaGFuZ2UgaW4gY2hyb21vc29tZSBhcHBlYXJhbmNlIG9jY3Vycy4=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBJbiBzdGVwIDMsIHRoZSBzaXN0ZXIgY2hyb21hdGlkcyBhcmUgcHVsbGVkIGFwYXJ0LiBETkEgcmVwbGljYXRpb24gb2NjdXJzIGFzIHNpbmdsZSBjaHJvbW9zb21lcyAod2hpY2ggZG9u4oCZdCBsb29rIGxpa2UgYW4g4oCYWOKAmSkgYmVjb21lIGRvdWJsZWQgY2hyb21vc29tZXMgKHdoaWNoIGRvIGxvb2sgbGlrZSBhbiDigJhY4oCZKS4gTmV4dCB0aW1lLCBmaW5kIGEgc3RlcCB3aGVyZSB0aGlzIGNoYW5nZSBpbiBjaHJvbW9zb21lIGFwcGVhcmFuY2Ugb2NjdXJzLg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBJbiBzdGVwIDQswqAgdGhlIGNlbGwgaXMgc3BsaXR0aW5nIGluIGhhbGYsIGEgcHJvY2VzcyBjYWxsZWQgY3l0b2tpbmVzaXMuIEROQSByZXBsaWNhdGlvbiBvY2N1cnMgYXMgc2luZ2xlIGNocm9tb3NvbWVzICh3aGljaCBkb27igJl0IGxvb2sgbGlrZSBhbiDigJhY4oCZKSBiZWNvbWUgZG91YmxlZCBjaHJvbW9zb21lcyAod2hpY2ggZG8gbG9vayBsaWtlIGFuIOKAmFjigJkpLiBOZXh0IHRpbWUsIGZpbmQgYSBzdGVwIHdoZXJlIHRoaXMgY2hhbmdlIGluIGNocm9tb3NvbWUgYXBwZWFyYW5jZSBvY2N1cnMu[Qq]

[x]
If you want to take this quiz again, click the button below

[restart]

[/qwiz]

4.2. The Cell Cycle

[qwiz random = “true”]

[h]The Cell Cycle

[i]The following quiz is based on this diagram

[q]Which number represents the “M” phase?

[textentry single_char=”true”]

[c]ID E=[Qq]

[f]IFllcy4g4oCcMeKAnSBpcyB0aGUgJiM4MjIwO00mIzgyMjE7IHBoYXNlLCB3aGljaCBpbmNsdWRlcyBtaXRvc2lzIGFuZCBjeXRva2luZXNpcy4=[Qq]

[c]Kg==[Qq]

[f]Tm8uIEhlcmUmIzgyMTc7cyBhIGhpbnQuwqAmIzgyMjA7TSYjODIyMTsgcGhhc2UgaXMgZXZlcnl0aGluZyA=ZXhjZXB0IGZvciBpbnRlcnBoYXNlLg==

Cg==

[Qq]

[q]Which number represents interphase?

[textentry single_char=”true”]

[c]wq Ay[Qq]

[f]IFllcy4g4oCcMuKAnSBpcyBpbnRlcnBoYXNlLiBUaGUgdmFzdCBtYWpvcml0eSBvZiB0aGUgdGltZSBpbiB0aGUgY2VsbCYjODIxNztzIGxpZmUgY3ljbGUgaXMgc3BlbnQgaW4gdGhpcyBwaGFzZS4=[Qq]

[c]Kg==[Qq]

[f]Tm8uIEhlcmUmIzgyMTc7cyBhIGhpbnQuwqBJbnRlcnBoYXNlIGlzIHRoZSBsb25nZXN0IHBhcnQgb2YgdGhlIGNlbGwgY3ljbGUu

Cg==

[Qq]

[q]Which number represents the “G₁” phase?

[textentry single_char=”true”]

[c]wq Az[Qq]

[f]IFllcy4g4oCcM+KAnSBpcyB0aGUgRw==_MQ==IHBoYXNlLCB0aGUgcGFydCBvZiBpbnRlcnBoYXNlIGluIHdoaWNoIHRoZSBjZWxsIGlzIGFjdGl2ZWx5IGdyb3dpbmcuIER1cmluZyBHMSwgdGhlIGNlbGwgc3ludGhlc2l6ZXMgcHJvdGVpbnMgYW5kIG1STkFzIGluIHByZXBhcmF0aW9uIGZvciB0aGUgbmV4dCBwaGFzZSBvZiB0aGUgY3ljbGUsIHRoZSBTIHBoYXNlLg==[Qq]

[c]Kg==[Qq]

[f]Tm8uIEhlcmUmIzgyMTc7cyBhIGhpbnQuRw==_MQ==IGlzIHRoZSBmaXJzdCBwYXJ0IG9mIGludGVycGhhc2Uu

Cg==

[Qq]

[q]Which number represents the phase in which the cell is growing, and producing proteins and RNAs in preparation for synthesizing new DNA?

[textentry single_char=”true”]

[c]wq Az[Qq]

[c]Kg==[Qq]

[f]Tm8uIEhlcmUmIzgyMTc7cyBhIGhpbnQuIFRoaXMgcGFydCBvZiB0aGUgY3ljbGUgaXMgYWxzbyByZWZlcnJlZCB0byBhcyBH_MQ==LiBJdCYjODIxNztzIHRoZSBmaXJzdCBwYXJ0IG9mIGludGVycGhhc2Uu

Cg==

[Qq]

[q]Which number represents the S phase of the cell cycle?

[textentry single_char=”true”]

[c]wq A0[Qq]

[f]IFllcy4gNCBpcyB0aGUgJiM4MjIwO1MmIzgyMjE7IHBoYXNlLCB0aGUgcGFydCBvZiBpbnRlcnBoYXNlIGluIHdoaWNoIHRoZSBjZWxsIGlzIHN5bnRoZXNpemluZyBuZXcgRE5BLg==[Qq]

[c]Kg==[Qq]

[f]Tm8uIEhlcmUmIzgyMTc7cyBhIGhpbnQuIFRoZSBTIHBoYXNlIG9jY3VycyBpbiB0aGUgbWlkZGxlIG9mIGludGVycGhhc2Uu

Cg==

[Qq]

[q]Which number most specifically represents the phase of the cell cycle in which the cell is synthesizing new DNA?

[textentry single_char=”true”]

[c]wq A0[Qq]

[f]IFllcy4gNMKgaXMgdGhlICYjODIyMDtTJiM4MjIxO8KgcGhhc2UsIHRoZSBwYXJ0IG9mIGludGVycGhhc2UgaW4gd2hpY2ggdGhlIGNlbGwgaXMgc3ludGhlc2l6aW5nIG5ldyBETkEu[Qq]

[c]Kg==[Qq]

[f]Tm8uIEhlcmUmIzgyMTc7cyBhIGhpbnQuIFRoZSBjZWxsIGlzIHN5bnRoZXNpemluZyBuZXcgRE5BIGR1cmluZyB0aGUgJiM4MjIwO1MmIzgyMjE7IHBoYXNlLCB3aGljaCBvY2N1cnMgZHVyaW5nIHRoZSBtaWRkbGUgb2YgaW50ZXJwaGFzZS4=

Cg==

[Qq]

[q]Which represents the G₂ phase of the cell cycle?

[textentry single_char=”true”]

[c]wq A1[Qq]

[f]IFllcy4gNcKgaXMgdGhlICYjODIyMDtH_Mg==JiM4MjIxOyBwaGFzZSwgdGhlIHBhcnQgb2YgaW50ZXJwaGFzZSBpbiB3aGljaCB0aGUgY2VsbCBwcm9kdWNlcyBtYXRlcmlhbHMgaW4gcHJlcGFyYXRpb24gZm9yIG1pdG9zaXMgYW5kIGN5dG9raW5lc2lzLg==[Qq]

[c]Kg==[Qq]

[f]Tm8uIEhlcmUmIzgyMTc7cyBhIGhpbnQuIFRoZSBH_Mg==wqBwaGFzZSBpcyB0aGUgbGFzdCBwYXJ0IG9mIGludGVycGhhc2Uu

Cg==

[Qq]

[q]Which represents mitosis?

[textentry single_char=”true”]

[c]wq A2[Qq]

[f]IFllcy4gNsKgaXPCoG1pdG9zaXMsIHRoZSBkaXZpc2lvbiBvZiB0aGUgbnVjbGV1cy4=[Qq]

[c]Kg==[Qq]

[f]Tm8uIEhlcmUmIzgyMTc7cyBhIGhpbnQuIE1pdG9zaXMgb2NjdXJzIGFmdGVyIGludGVycGhhc2UuIEl0JiM4MjE3O3MgdGhlIGZpcnN0IHBhcnQgb2YgdGhlICYjODIyMDtNJiM4MjIxOyBwaGFzZSBvZiB0aGUgY2VsbCBjeWNsZS4=

Cg==

[Qq]

[q]Which represents the part of the cycle in which sister chromatids are separated?

[textentry single_char=”true”]

[c]wq A2[Qq]

[f]IFllcy4gNsKgaXPCoG1pdG9zaXMsIHdoaWNoIGlzIHdoZW7CoHNpc3RlciBjaHJvbWF0aWRzIGFyZSBzZXBhcmF0ZWQgZnJvbSBvbmUgYW5vdGhlci4=[Qq]

[c]Kg==[Qq]

[f]Tm8uIEhlcmUmIzgyMTc7cyBhIGhpbnQuwqBTaXN0ZXIgY2hyb21hdGlkcyBhcmUgc2VwYXJhdGVkIGR1cmluZyBtaXRvc2lzLCB3aGljaCBvY2N1cnMgcmlnaHQgYWZ0ZXIgaW50ZXJwaGFzZSBlbmRzLg==

Cg==

[Qq]

[q]Highly specialized cells can leave the cell cycle and enter a phase called G₀. Which number represents this?

[textentry single_char=”true”]

[c]wq A4[Qq]

[f]IFllcy4gOCByZXByZXNlbnRzIGEgY2VsbCBsZWF2aW5nIHRoZSBjZWxsIGN5Y2xlIGFuZCBlbnRlcmluZyBH_MA==Lg==[Qq]

[c]Kg==[Qq]

[f]Tm8uIEhlcmUmIzgyMTc7cyBhIGhpbnQuwqBMb29rLCBpbiB0aGUgZGlhZ3JhbSBmb3IgYcKgbmVydmUgY2VsbCwgYSBoaWdobHkgc3BlY2lhbGl6ZWQgY2VsbCB0aGF0IGhhcyBsZWZ0IHRoZSBjZWxsIGN5Y2xlIGFuZCBlbnRlcmVkIHRoZSBH_MA==IHBoYXNlLg==

Cg==

[Qq]

[q]Sometimes, specialized cells that have left the cell cycle and entered the G₀phase can reenter the cell cycle. Which number represents this?

[textentry single_char=”true”]

[c]wq A5[Qq]

[f]IFllcy4gOcKgcmVwcmVzZW50cyBhIHNwZWNpYWxpemVkIGNlbGzCoHJlLWVudGVyaW5nIHRoZSBjZWxsIGN5Y2xlLg==[Qq]

[c]Kg==[Qq]

[f]Tm8uIEhlcmUmIzgyMTc7cyBhIGhpbnQuwqBMb29rLCBpbiB0aGUgZGlhZ3JhbSBmb3IgYcKgbmVydmUgY2VsbCB0aGF0LCBkZXNwaXRlIGl0cyBzcGVjaWFsaXplZCByb2xlLCBpcyByZS1lbnRlcmluZyB0aGUgY2VsbCBjeWNsZS4=

Cg==

[Qq]

[q]Which number in the diagram below represents cytokinesis?

[textentry single_char=”true”]

[c]wq A3[Qq]

[f]IFllcy4gN8KgcmVwcmVzZW50c8KgY3l0b2tpbmVzaXMsIG9yICYjODIyMDtjZWxsIHNwbGl0dGluZy4mIzgyMjE7[Qq]

[c]Kg==[Qq]

[f]Tm8uIEhlcmUmIzgyMTc7cyBhIGhpbnQuwqBDeXRva2luZXNpcyBpcyB0aGUgbGFzdCBwYXJ0IG9mIHRoZSBjZWxsIGN5Y2xlLg==[Qq]

[x]

[restart]

[/qwiz]

4.3: Mechanisms of Mitosis

[qwiz random=”true”]

[h] Mechanisms of Mitosis.

[i]Biohaiku

Doubled Chromosomes

Two linked sister chromatids

In anaphase part

[q] The correct sequence of the phases of cell division and mitosis is

[c]IGludGVycGhhc2UsIHByb3BoYXNlLCB0ZWxvcGhhc2UsIGFuYXBoYXNlLCBjeXRva2luZXNpcw==[Qq]

[c]IGN5dG9raW5lc2lzLCBtZXRhcGhhc2UsIHByb3BoYXNlLCB0ZWxvcGhhc2UsIGFuYXBoYXNl[Qq]

[c]IHRlbG9waGFzZSwgaW50ZXJwaGFzZSwgbWV0YXBoYXNlLCBwcm9waGFzZSwgY3l0b2tpbmVzaXM=[Qq]

[c]IHByb3BoYXNlLCBhbmFwaGFzZSwgaW50ZXJwaGFzZSwgY3l0b2tpbmVzaXMsIG1ldGFwaGFzZQ==[Qq]

[c]IGludGVycGhhc2UsIHByb3BoYXNlLCBtZXRhcGhhc2Us IGFuYXBoYXNlLCB0ZWxvcGhhc2UsIGN5dG9raW5lc2lz[Qq]

[f]IFRoYXTigJlzIG5vdCBpdC4gSSBmaW5kIHRoYXQgdGhlIG1uZW1vbmljIOKAmEkgUHV0IE15IEFwcGxlIFRoZXJlLCBDaGFybGll4oCdIGhlbHBzIG1lIGtlZXAgdGhlIG9yZGVyIG9mIHRoZSBwaGFzZXMgc3RyYWlnaHQuIFNlZSBpZiB5b3UgY2FuIHVzZSB0aGF0IHRoZSBuZXh0IHRpbWUgeW91IHNlZSB0aGlzIHF1ZXN0aW9uIHRvIGlkZW50aWZ5IHRoZSBjb3JyZWN0IHNlcXVlbmNlLg==[Qq]

[f]IENvcnJlY3QhIElmIHlvdSBldmVyIGhhdmUgdHJvdWJsZSByZW1lbWJlcmluZyBpbiB0aGUgZnV0dXJlLCBJIGZpbmQgdGhhdCB0aGUgbW5lbW9uaWMg4oCYSSBQdXQgTXkgQXBwbGUgVGhlcmUsIENoYXJsaWXigJ0gaGVscHMgbWUga2VlcCB0aGUgb3JkZXIgb2YgdGhlIHBoYXNlcyBzdHJhaWdodC4=

Cg==

[Qq]

[q] In the diagram below, which number is pointing to a sister chromatid?

[c]ID E=[Qq]

[c]IDI=[Qq]

[c]IDM=[Qq]

[c]IDQ=[Qq]

[f]IEdvb2Qgam9iLiBOdW1iZXIgMSBpcyBwb2ludGluZyB0byBvbmUgb2YgdGhlIHNpc3RlciBjaHJvbWF0aWRzLg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBOdW1iZXIgMiBpcyBwb2ludGluZyB0byBhIGtpbmV0b2Nob3JlLiBUaGUgc2lzdGVyIGNocm9tYXRpZHMgbWFrZSB1cCB0aGUgZG91YmxlZCBjaHJvbW9zb21lcyB0aGF0IGVtZXJnZSBhdCB0aGUgZW5kIG9mIGludGVycGhhc2UsIGp1c3QgYmVmb3JlIG1pdG9zaXMgc3RhcnRzLiBJbiB0aGlzIGRpYWdyYW0sIHRoZSBzaXN0ZXIgY2hyb21hdGlkIGlzIHRoZSBtYWpvciBzdHJ1Y3R1cmUgc2hvd24uIFRoaW5rIGFib3V0IHRoYXQgd2hlbiB5b3Ugc2VlIHRoaXMgcXVlc3Rpb24gbmV4dCB0aW1lLg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBOdW1iZXIgMyByZXByZXNlbnRzIHRoZSBzcGluZGxlIGZpYmVycy4gVGhlIHNpc3RlciBjaHJvbWF0aWRzIG1ha2UgdXAgdGhlIGRvdWJsZWQgY2hyb21vc29tZXMgdGhhdCBlbWVyZ2UgYXQgdGhlIGVuZCBvZiBpbnRlcnBoYXNlLCBqdXN0IGJlZm9yZSBtaXRvc2lzIHN0YXJ0cy4gSW4gdGhpcyBkaWFncmFtLCB0aGUgc2lzdGVyIGNocm9tYXRpZCBpcyB0aGUgbWFqb3Igc3RydWN0dXJlIHNob3duLiBUaGluayBhYm91dCB0aGF0IHdoZW4geW91IHNlZSB0aGlzIHF1ZXN0aW9uIG5leHQgdGltZS4=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBOdW1iZXIgNCByZXByZXNlbnRzIHRoZSBjZW50cm9tZXJlLCB3aGljaCBpcyB3aGF0IGhvbGRzIHRoZSB0d28gc2lzdGVyIGNocm9tYXRpZHMgdG9nZXRoZXIuIFRoZSBzaXN0ZXIgY2hyb21hdGlkcyBtYWtlIHVwIHRoZSBkb3VibGVkIGNocm9tb3NvbWVzIHRoYXQgZW1lcmdlIGF0IHRoZSBlbmQgb2YgaW50ZXJwaGFzZSwganVzdCBiZWZvcmUgbWl0b3NpcyBzdGFydHMuIEluIHRoaXMgZGlhZ3JhbSwgdGhlIHNpc3RlciBjaHJvbWF0aWQgaXMgdGhlIG1ham9yIHN0cnVjdHVyZSBzaG93bi4gVGhpbmsgYWJvdXQgdGhhdCB3aGVuIHlvdSBzZWUgdGhpcyBxdWVzdGlvbiBuZXh0IHRpbWUu

Cg==

[Qq]

[q] In the diagram below, which number is pointing to the centromere?

[c]IDE=[Qq]

[c]IDI=[Qq]

[c]IDM=[Qq]

[c]ID Q=[Qq]

[f]IFRoYXTigJlzIG5vdCBpdC4gTnVtYmVyIDEgaXMgcG9pbnRpbmcgdG8gb25lIG9mIHRoZSBzaXN0ZXIgY2hyb21hdGlkcy4gVGhlIGNlbnRyb21lcmUgaXMgd2hhdCBob2xkcyB0aGUgdHdvIHNpc3RlciBjaHJvbWF0aWRzIHRvZ2V0aGVyLiBLZWVwIHRoYXQgaW4gbWluZCB3aGVuIHlvdSBzZWUgdGhpcyBxdWVzdGlvbiBhZ2Fpbi4=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBOdW1iZXIgMiBpcyBwb2ludGluZyB0byBhIGtpbmV0b2Nob3JlLiBUaGUgY2VudHJvbWVyZSBpcyB3aGF0IGhvbGRzIHRoZSB0d28gc2lzdGVyIGNocm9tYXRpZHMgdG9nZXRoZXIuIEtlZXAgdGhhdCBpbiBtaW5kIHdoZW4geW91IHNlZSB0aGlzIHF1ZXN0aW9uIGFnYWluLg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBOdW1iZXIgMyByZXByZXNlbnRzIHRoZSBzcGluZGxlIGZpYmVycy4gVGhlIGNlbnRyb21lcmUgaXMgd2hhdCBob2xkcyB0aGUgdHdvIHNpc3RlciBjaHJvbWF0aWRzIHRvZ2V0aGVyLiBLZWVwIHRoYXQgaW4gbWluZCB3aGVuIHlvdSBzZWUgdGhpcyBxdWVzdGlvbiBhZ2Fpbi4=[Qq]

[f]IEV4YWN0bHkuIE51bWJlciA0IHJlcHJlc2VudHMgdGhlIGNlbnRyb21lcmUsIHdoaWNoIGlzIHdoYXQgaG9sZHMgdGhlIHR3byBzaXN0ZXIgY2hyb21hdGlkcyB0b2dldGhlci4=

Cg==

[Qq]

[q] In the diagram below, which number is pointing to a kinetochore?

[c]IDE=[Qq]

[c]ID I=[Qq]

[c]IDM=[Qq]

[c]IDQ=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBOdW1iZXIgMSBpcyBwb2ludGluZyB0byBvbmUgb2YgdGhlIHNpc3RlciBjaHJvbWF0aWRzLiBBIGtpbmV0b2Nob3JlIGlzIGxpa2UgYSBoYW5kbGUgdGhhdCB0aGUgc3BpbmRsZSBmaWJlcnMgKHNob3duIGF0IDMpwqAgZ3JhYiBvbnRvIGFzIHRoZXkgbW92ZSBjaHJvbW9zb21lcyB0byB0aGUgY2VudGVyIG9mIHRoZSBjZWxsLCBhbmQgdGhlbiBwdWxsIHRoZSBzaXN0ZXIgY2hyb21hdGlkcyBhcGFydC4gTmV4dCB0aW1lLCB0cnkgdG8gaWRlbnRpZnkgYSBwYXJ0IHRoYXQgbG9va3MgbGlrZSBvbmUgb2YgdGhlc2UgaGFuZGxlcy4=[Qq]

[f]IFRlcnJpZmljISBOdW1iZXIgMiBpcyBwb2ludGluZyB0byBhIGtpbmV0b2Nob3JlLiBUaGUga2luZXRvY2hvcmUgaXMgbGlrZSBhIGhhbmRsZSB0aGF0IHRoZSBzcGluZGxlIGZpYmVycyBncmFiIG9udG8gYXMgdGhleSBtb3ZlIGNocm9tb3NvbWVzIHRvIHRoZSBjZW50ZXIgb2YgdGhlIGNlbGwsIGFuZCB0aGVuIHB1bGwgdGhlIHNpc3RlciBjaHJvbWF0aWRzIGFwYXJ0Lg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBOdW1iZXIgMyByZXByZXNlbnRzIHRoZSBzcGluZGxlIGZpYmVycy4gQSBraW5ldG9jaG9yZSBpcyBsaWtlIGEgaGFuZGxlIHRoYXQgdGhlIHNwaW5kbGUgZmliZXJzIChzaG93biBhdCAzKQ==wqAgZ3JhYiBvbnRvIGFzIHRoZXkgbW92ZSBjaHJvbW9zb21lcyB0byB0aGUgY2VudGVyIG9mIHRoZSBjZWxsLCBhbmQgdGhlbiBwdWxsIHRoZSBzaXN0ZXIgY2hyb21hdGlkcyBhcGFydC4gTmV4dCB0aW1lLCB0cnkgdG8gaWRlbnRpZnkgYSBwYXJ0IHRoYXQgbG9va3MgbGlrZSBvbmUgb2YgdGhlc2UgaGFuZGxlcy4=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBOdW1iZXIgNCByZXByZXNlbnRzIHRoZSBjZW50cm9tZXJlLCB3aGljaCBpcyB3aGF0IGhvbGRzIHRoZSB0d28gc2lzdGVyIGNocm9tYXRpZHMgdG9nZXRoZXIuIEEga2luZXRvY2hvcmUgaXMgbGlrZSBhIGhhbmRsZSB0aGF0IHRoZSBzcGluZGxlIGZpYmVycyAoc2hvd24gYXQgMyk=wqAgZ3JhYiBvbnRvIGFzIHRoZXkgbW92ZSBjaHJvbW9zb21lcyB0byB0aGUgY2VudGVyIG9mIHRoZSBjZWxsLCBhbmQgdGhlbiBwdWxsIHRoZSBzaXN0ZXIgY2hyb21hdGlkcyBhcGFydC4gTmV4dCB0aW1lLCB0cnkgdG8gaWRlbnRpZnkgYSBwYXJ0IHRoYXQgbG9va3MgbGlrZSBvbmUgb2YgdGhlc2UgaGFuZGxlcy4=

Cg==

[Qq]

[q] In the diagram below, which number is pointing to the spindle fibers?

[c]IDE=[Qq]

[c]IDI=[Qq]

[c]ID M=[Qq]

[c]IDQ=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBOdW1iZXIgMSBpcyBwb2ludGluZyB0byBvbmUgb2YgdGhlIHNpc3RlciBjaHJvbWF0aWRzLiBUaGUgc3BpbmRsZSBmaWJlcnMgYXJlIHRoZSDigJhzdHJpbmdz4oCZIHRoYXQgZ3JhYiBvbnRvIHRoZSBzaXN0ZXIgY2hyb21hdGlkcyBhbmQgcHVsbCB0aGVtIGFwYXJ0LiBOZXh0IHRpbWUsIHRoaW5rIGFib3V0IHdoaWNoIGFycm93IGlzIHBvaW50aW5nIHRvIGEgcGFydCB0aGF0IGxvb2tzIG1vc3Qgc2ltaWxhciB0byBhIGdyb3VwIG9mIHN0cmluZ3Mu[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBOdW1iZXIgMiBpcyBwb2ludGluZyB0byBhIGtpbmV0b2Nob3JlLiBUaGUga2luZXRvY2hvcmUgaXMgbGlrZSBhIGhhbmRsZSB0aGF0IHRoZSBzcGluZGxlIGZpYmVycyBncmFiIG9udG8gYXMgdGhleSBtb3ZlIGNocm9tb3NvbWVzIHRvIHRoZSBjZW50ZXIgb2YgdGhlIGNlbGwsIGFuZCB0aGVuIHB1bGwgdGhlIHNpc3RlciBjaHJvbWF0aWRzIGFwYXJ0Lg==wqAgVGhlIHNwaW5kbGUgZmliZXJzIGFyZSB0aGUg4oCYc3RyaW5nc+KAmSB0aGF0IGRvIHRoaXMgZ3JhYmJpbmcgYW5kIHB1bGxpbmcuIE5leHQgdGltZSwgdGhpbmsgYWJvdXQgd2hpY2ggYXJyb3cgaXMgcG9pbnRpbmcgdG8gYSBwYXJ0IHRoYXQgbG9va3MgbW9zdCBzaW1pbGFyIHRvIGEgZ3JvdXAgb2Ygc3RyaW5ncy4=[Qq]

[f]IEF3ZXNvbWUuIE51bWJlciAzIHJlcHJlc2VudHMgdGhlIHNwaW5kbGUgZmliZXJzLg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBOdW1iZXIgNCByZXByZXNlbnRzIHRoZSBjZW50cm9tZXJlLCB3aGljaCBpcyB3aGF0IGhvbGRzIHRoZSB0d28gc2lzdGVyIGNocm9tYXRpZHMgdG9nZXRoZXIuIFRoZSBzcGluZGxlIGZpYmVycyBhcmUgdGhlIOKAmHN0cmluZ3PigJkgdGhhdCBkbyB0aGlzIGdyYWJiaW5nIGFuZCBwdWxsaW5nLiBOZXh0IHRpbWUsIHRoaW5rIGFib3V0IHdoaWNoIGFycm93IGlzIHBvaW50aW5nIHRvIGEgcGFydCB0aGF0IGxvb2tzIG1vc3Qgc2ltaWxhciB0byBhIGdyb3VwIG9mIHN0cmluZ3Mu

Cg==

[Qq]

[q] In the diagram below, which number is pointing to the spindle fibers?

[c]IDE=[Qq]

[c]ID I=[Qq]

[c]IDM=[Qq]

[c]IDQ=[Qq]

[c]IDU=[Qq]

[f]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[Qq]

[f]IE5pY2UhIFRoZSBzcGluZGxlIGZpYmVycyBhcmUgdGhlIOKAmHN0cmluZ3PigJkgKGFjdHVhbGx5LCBwcm90ZWluIG1pY3JvdHVidWxlcykgdGhhdCBmaXJzdCBwb3NpdGlvbiB0aGUgY2hyb21vc29tZXMgaW4gdGhlIGNlbnRlciBvZiB0aGUgY2VsbCwgYW5kIHRoZW4gcHVsbCB0aGUgc2lzdGVyIGNocm9tYXRpZHMgYXBhcnQu[Qq]

[f]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[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBOdW1iZXIgNCBpcyBwb2ludGluZyB0byBvbmUgb2YgdGhlIGNocm9tb3NvbWVzLiBUaGUgc3BpbmRsZSBmaWJlcnMgYXJlIHRoZSDigJhzdHJpbmdz4oCZIChhY3R1YWxseSwgcHJvdGVpbiBtaWNyb3R1YnVsZXMpIHRoYXQgbW92ZSB0aGUgY2hyb21vc29tZXMgdG8gdGhlIGNlbnRlciBvZiB0aGUgY2VsbCwgYW5kIHRoZW4gcHVsbCB0aGUgc2lzdGVyIGNocm9tYXRpZHMgYXBhcnQuIE5leHQgdGltZSB5b3Ugc2VlIHRoaXMgcXVlc3Rpb24sIHRyeSB0byBpZGVudGlmeSB0aGUgcGFydCB0aGF0IGxvb2tzIG1vc3QgbGlrZSBhbiBhcnJheSBvZiBzdHJpbmdzLg==[Qq]

[f]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

Cg==

[Qq]

[q] In the diagram below, which number is pointing to the aster?

[c]IDE=[Qq]

[c]IDI=[Qq]

[c]IDM=[Qq]

[c]IDQ=[Qq]

[c]ID U=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBOdW1iZXIgMSBpcyBwb2ludGluZyB0byB0aGUgY2VudHJvc29tZSAoYWxzbyBjYWxsZWQgdGhlIGNlbnRyaW9sZSkuIFRoZSBjZW50cmlvbGUgY3JlYXRlcyB0aGUgc3BpbmRsZS4gVGhlIGFzdGVyIGlzIGFuIGFycmF5IG9mIHNob3J0IG1pY3JvdHVidWxlcyB0aGF0IHJhZGlhdGVzIG91dCBmcm9tIHRoZSBjZW50cm9zb21lLiBOZXh0IHRpbWUgeW91IHNlZSB0aGlzIHF1ZXN0aW9uLCB0cnkgdG8gaWRlbnRpZnkgdGhpcyBhcnJheSBvZiBzaG9ydCBmaWJlcnMu[Qq]

[f]IE5vLCBidXQgeW914oCZcmUgY2xvc2UuIE51bWJlciAyIGlzIHBvaW50aW5nIHRvIHRoZSBzcGluZGxlIGZpYmVycywgd2hpY2ggYXJlIGRpZmZlcmVudCBmcm9tIHRoZSBhc3RlciBiZWNhdXNlIHRoZSBzcGluZGxlIGZpYmVycyBhcmUgbG9uZ2VyLCBhbmQgc3RyZXRjaCBhY3Jvc3MgdGhlIGNlbGwuIFRoZSBhc3RlciBpcyBhbiBhcnJheSBvZiBzaG9ydCBtaWNyb3R1YnVsZXMgdGhhdCByYWRpYXRlcyBmcm9tIHRoZSBjZW50cm9zb21lLiBOZXh0IHRpbWUgeW91IHNlZSB0aGlzIHF1ZXN0aW9uLCB0cnkgdG8gaWRlbnRpZnkgdGhpcyBhcnJheSBvZiBzaG9ydCBmaWJlcnMu[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBOdW1iZXIgMyBpcyBwb2ludGluZyB0byB0aGUgbnVjbGVhciBtZW1icmFuZSwgd2hpY2ggaW4gdGhpcyBwaGFzZSBvZiBtaXRvc2lzLCBpcyBkaXNpbnRlZ3JhdGluZy4gVGhlIGFzdGVyIGlzIGFuIGFycmF5IG9mIHNob3J0IG1pY3JvdHVidWxlcyB0aGF0IHJhZGlhdGVzIGZyb20gdGhlIGNlbnRyb3NvbWUgKGJ1dCB3aGljaCwgdW5saWtlIHRoZSBzcGluZGxlIGZpYmVycywgZG9u4oCZdCBzdHJldGNoIGFjcm9zcyB0aGUgY2VsbCkuIE5leHQgdGltZSB5b3Ugc2VlIHRoaXMgcXVlc3Rpb24sIHRyeSB0byBpZGVudGlmeSB0aGlzIGFycmF5IG9mIHNob3J0IGZpYmVycy4=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBOdW1iZXIgNCBpcyBwb2ludGluZyB0byBvbmUgb2YgdGhlIGNocm9tb3NvbWVzLiBUaGUgYXN0ZXIgaXMgYW4gYXJyYXkgb2Ygc2hvcnQgbWljcm90dWJ1bGVzIHRoYXQgcmFkaWF0ZXMgZnJvbSB0aGUgY2VudHJvc29tZSAoYnV0IHdoaWNoLCB1bmxpa2UgdGhlIHNwaW5kbGUgZmliZXJzLCBkb27igJl0IHN0cmV0Y2ggYWNyb3NzIHRoZSBjZWxsKS4gTmV4dCB0aW1lIHlvdSBzZWUgdGhpcyBxdWVzdGlvbiwgdHJ5IHRvIGlkZW50aWZ5IHRoaXMgYXJyYXkgb2Ygc2hvcnQgZmliZXJzLg==[Qq]

[f]IENvcnJlY3QhIE51bWJlciA1IGlzIHBvaW50aW5nIHRvIHRoZSBhc3RlciwgYW4gYXJyYXkgb2Ygc2hvcnQgbWljcm90dWJ1bGVzIHRoYXQgcmFkaWF0ZXMgb3V0IGZyb20gdGhlIGNlbnRyb3NvbWUu

Cg==

[Qq]

[q] In the diagram below, which number is pointing to a chromosome?

[c]IDE=[Qq]

[c]IDI=[Qq]

[c]IDM=[Qq]

[c]ID Q=[Qq]

[c]IDU=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBOdW1iZXIgMSBpcyBwb2ludGluZyB0byB0aGUgY2VudHJvc29tZSAod2hpY2ggZm9yIG91ciBwdXJwb3NlcywgaXMgcHJldHR5IG11Y2ggc3lub255bW91cyB3aXRoIOKAmGNlbnRyaW9sZeKAmSkuIFRoZSBjaHJvbW9zb21lcyBhcmUgdGhlIOKAmFjigJkgc2hhcGVkIHN0cnVjdHVyZXMuIFRoZXkgY29udGFpbiB0aGUgY2VsbOKAmXMgRE5BLCBhbmQgZGl2aWRpbmcgdGhlbSB1cCBpcyB0aGUgd2hvbGUgcHVycG9zZSBvZiBtaXRvc2lzLg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLCBOdW1iZXIgMiBpcyBwb2ludGluZyB0byB0aGUgc3BpbmRsZSBmaWJlcnMuIFRoZSBjaHJvbW9zb21lcyBhcmUgdGhlIOKAmFjigJkgc2hhcGVkIHN0cnVjdHVyZXMuIFRoZXkgY29udGFpbiB0aGUgY2VsbOKAmXMgRE5BLCBhbmQgZGl2aWRpbmcgdGhlbSB1cCBpcyB0aGUgd2hvbGUgcHVycG9zZSBvZiBtaXRvc2lzIGFuZCBjZWxsIGRpdmlzaW9uLg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBOdW1iZXIgMyBpcyBwb2ludGluZyB0byB0aGUgbnVjbGVhciBtZW1icmFuZSwgd2hpY2ggaW4gdGhpcyBwaGFzZSBvZiBtaXRvc2lzLCBpcyBkaXNpbnRlZ3JhdGluZy4gVGhlIGNocm9tb3NvbWVzIGFyZSB0aGUg4oCYWOKAmSBzaGFwZWQgc3RydWN0dXJlcy4gVGhleSBjb250YWluIHRoZSBjZWxs4oCZcyBETkEsIGFuZCBkaXZpZGluZyB0aGVtIHVwIGlzIHRoZSB3aG9sZSBwdXJwb3NlIG9mIG1pdG9zaXMgYW5kIGNlbGwgZGl2aXNpb24u[Qq]

[f]IEV4Y2VsbGVudCEgTnVtYmVyIDQgaXMgcG9pbnRpbmcgdG8gdGhlIGNocm9tb3NvbWVzLiBUaGV5IGNvbnRhaW4gdGhlIGNlbGzigJlzIEROQSwgYW5kIGRpdmlkaW5nIHRoZW0gdXAgaXMgdGhlIHdob2xlIHB1cnBvc2Ugb2YgY2VsbCBkaXZpc2lvbiBhbmQgbWl0b3Npcy4=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBOdW1iZXIgNSBpcyBwb2ludGluZyB0byB0aGUgYXN0ZXIuIFRoZSBjaHJvbW9zb21lcyBhcmUgdGhlIOKAmFjigJkgc2hhcGVkIHN0cnVjdHVyZXMuIFRoZXkgY29udGFpbiB0aGXCoGNlbGzigJlzIEROQSwgYW5kIGRpdmlkaW5nIHRoZW0gdXAgaXMgdGhlIHdob2xlIHB1cnBvc2Ugb2YgbWl0b3NpcyBhbmQgY2VsbCBkaXZpc2lvbi4=

Cg==

[Qq]

[q] In the diagram below, which number is pointing to a centrosome?

[c]ID E=[Qq]

[c]IDI=[Qq]

[c]IDM=[Qq]

[c]IDQ=[Qq]

[c]IDU=[Qq]

[f]IFdheSB0byBnbyEgTnVtYmVyIDEgaXMgcG9pbnRpbmcgdG8gdGhlIGNlbnRyb3NvbWUuIFRoZSBjZW50cm9zb21lIGNyZWF0ZXMgdGhlIHNwaW5kbGUuIFRoZSBzcGluZGxlIGlzIHRoZSBhcnJheSBvZiDigJhzdHJpbmdz4oCZIChhY3R1YWxseSwgcHJvdGVpbiBtaWNyb3R1YnVsZXMpIHRoYXQgZmlyc3QgcG9zaXRpb25zIHRoZSBjaHJvbW9zb21lcyBpbiB0aGUgY2VudGVyIG9mIHRoZSBjZWxsLCBhbmQgdGhlbiBwdWxsIHRoZSBzaXN0ZXIgY2hyb21hdGlkcyBhcGFydC4=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLCBOdW1iZXIgMiBpcyBwb2ludGluZyB0byB0aGUgc3BpbmRsZSBmaWJlcnMuIFRoZSBjZW50cm9zb21lIGlzIHRoZSBzb3VyY2Ugb2YgdGhlIHNwaW5kbGUgYW5kIGFzdGVyLiBOZXh0IHRpbWUgeW91IHNlZSB0aGlzIHF1ZXN0aW9uLCBpZGVudGlmeSB0aGUgcGFydCB0aGF0IGxvb2tzIGxpa2UgaXTigJlzIHJhZGlhdGluZyBhbiBhcnJheSBvZiBmaWJlcnMu[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBOdW1iZXIgMyBpcyBwb2ludGluZyB0byB0aGUgbnVjbGVhciBtZW1icmFuZSwgd2hpY2ggaW4gdGhpcyBwaGFzZSBvZiBtaXRvc2lzLCBpcyBkaXNpbnRlZ3JhdGluZy4gVGhlIGNlbnRyb3NvbWUgaXMgdGhlIHNvdXJjZSBvZiB0aGUgc3BpbmRsZSBhbmQgYXN0ZXIuIE5leHQgdGltZSB5b3Ugc2VlIHRoaXMgcXVlc3Rpb24sIGlkZW50aWZ5IHRoZSBwYXJ0IHRoYXQgbG9va3MgbGlrZSBpdOKAmXMgcmFkaWF0aW5nIGFuIGFycmF5IG9mIGZpYmVycy4=[Qq]

[f]IEV4Y2VsbGVudCEgTnVtYmVyIDQgaXMgcG9pbnRpbmcgdG8gdGhlIGNocm9tb3NvbWVzLiBUaGUgY2VudHJvc29tZSBpcyB0aGUgc291cmNlIG9mIHRoZSBzcGluZGxlIGFuZCBhc3Rlci4gTmV4dCB0aW1lIHlvdSBzZWUgdGhpcyBxdWVzdGlvbiwgaWRlbnRpZnkgdGhlIHBhcnQgdGhhdCBsb29rcyBsaWtlIGl04oCZcyByYWRpYXRpbmcgYW4gYXJyYXkgb2YgZmliZXJzLg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLCBidXQgeW914oCZcmUgdmVyeSBjbG9zZS4gTnVtYmVyIDUgaXMgcG9pbnRpbmcgdG8gdGhlIGFzdGVyLiBUaGUgYXN0ZXIgcmFkaWF0ZXMgb3V0IGZyb20gdGhlIGNlbnRyb3NvbWUuIE5leHQgdGltZSB5b3Ugc2VlIHRoaXMgcXVlc3Rpb24sIHVzZSB0aGlzIGluZm9ybWF0aW9uIHRvIGNob29zZSB0aGUgY29ycmVjdCBhbnN3ZXIu

Cg==

[Qq]

[q] In the diagram below, which number is pointing to the disintegrating nuclear membrane?

[c]IDE=[Qq]

[c]IDI=[Qq]

[c]ID M=[Qq]

[c]IDQ=[Qq]

[c]IDU=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBOdW1iZXIgMSBpcyBwb2ludGluZyB0byB0aGUgY2VudHJvc29tZSAoYWxzbyBjYWxsZWQgdGhlIGNlbnRyaW9sZSkuIFRoZSBudWNsZWFyIG1lbWJyYW5lICh3aGljaCBpcyBkaXNpbnRlZ3JhdGluZyBkdXJpbmcgdGhpcyBwaGFzZSBvZiBtaXRvc2lzKSBzdXJyb3VuZHMgdGhlIGNocm9tb3NvbWVzLCB0aGUgWC1zaGFwZWQgc3RydWN0dXJlcyBpbiB0aGUgY2VudGVyIG9mIHRoZSBjZWxsLg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLCBOdW1iZXIgMiBpcyBwb2ludGluZyB0byB0aGUgc3BpbmRsZSBmaWJlcnMuIFRoZSBudWNsZWFyIG1lbWJyYW5lICh3aGljaCBpcyBkaXNpbnRlZ3JhdGluZyBkdXJpbmcgdGhpcyBwaGFzZSBvZiBtaXRvc2lzKSBzdXJyb3VuZHMgdGhlIGNocm9tb3NvbWVzLCB0aGUgWC1zaGFwZWQgc3RydWN0dXJlcyBpbiB0aGUgY2VudGVyIG9mIHRoZSBjZWxsLg==[Qq]

[f]IFRlcnJpZmljISBOdW1iZXIgMyBpcyBwb2ludGluZyB0byB0aGUgbnVjbGVhciBtZW1icmFuZSwgd2hpY2ggaW4gdGhpcyBwaGFzZSBvZiBtaXRvc2lzLCBpcyBkaXNpbnRlZ3JhdGluZy4=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBOdW1iZXIgNCBpcyBwb2ludGluZyB0byB0aGUgY2hyb21vc29tZXMuIFRoZSBudWNsZWFyIG1lbWJyYW5lIHN1cnJvdW5kcyB0aGUgY2hyb21vc29tZXMu[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBOdW1iZXIgNSBpcyBwb2ludGluZyB0byB0aGUgYXN0ZXIuIFRoZSBudWNsZWFyIG1lbWJyYW5lICh3aGljaCBpcyBkaXNpbnRlZ3JhdGluZyBkdXJpbmcgdGhpcyBwaGFzZSBvZiBtaXRvc2lzKSBzdXJyb3VuZHMgdGhlIGNocm9tb3NvbWVzLCB0aGUgWC1zaGFwZWQgc3RydWN0dXJlcyBpbiB0aGUgY2VudGVyIG9mIHRoZSBjZWxsLg==

Cg==

[Qq]

[q] In the diagram below, which number is pointing to the part that contains the DNA?

[c]MQ ==[Qq]

[c]Mg==[Qq]

[c]Mw==[Qq]

[c]NA==[Qq]

[f]R29vZCBqb2IuIE51bWJlciAxIGlzIHBvaW50aW5nIHRvIG9uZSBvZiB0aGUgc2lzdGVyIGNocm9tYXRpZHMsIHdoaWNoIGNvbnRhaW5zIHRoZSBETkEsIHRoZSBtb2xlY3VsZSBvZiBoZXJlZGl0eS4=[Qq]

[f]Tm8uIE51bWJlciAyIGlzIHBvaW50aW5nIHRvIGEga2luZXRvY2hvcmUuIFRoZSBraW5ldG9jaG9yZXMgYXJlIGxpa2UgaGFuZGxlcyB0aGF0IHRoZSBzcGluZGxlIGZpYmVycyB1c2UgdG8gc2VwYXJhdGUgdGhlIGNocm9tb3NvbWVzLiBBcyBhIGhpbnQsIGNvbnNpZGVyIHRoYXQgdGhlIHBhcnQgdGhhdCBjb250YWlucyB0aGUgRE5BIGlzIHRoZSBiaWdnZXN0IHRoaW5nIHNob3duIGluIHRoaXMgZGlhZ3JhbS4=[Qq]

[f]wqBOby4gTnVtYmVyIDMgcmVwcmVzZW50cyB0aGUgc3BpbmRsZSBmaWJlcnMsIHdoaWNoIGFyZSBtYWRlIG9mIHByb3RlaW4gbWljcm90dWJ1bGVzLiBBcyBhIGhpbnQsIGNvbnNpZGVyIHRoYXQgdGhlIHBhcnQgdGhhdCBjb250YWlucyB0aGUgRE5BIGlzIHRoZSBiaWdnZXN0IHRoaW5nIHNob3duIGluIHRoaXMgZGlhZ3JhbS4=[Qq]

[f]wqBOby4gTnVtYmVyIDQgcmVwcmVzZW50cyB0aGUgY2VudHJvbWVyZSwgd2hpY2ggaXMgd2hhdCBob2xkcyB0aGUgdHdvIHNpc3RlciBjaHJvbWF0aWRzIHRvZ2V0aGVyLiBBcyBhIGhpbnQsIGNvbnNpZGVyIHRoYXQgdGhlIHBhcnQgdGhhdCBjb250YWlucyB0aGUgRE5BIGlzIHRoZSBiaWdnZXN0IHRoaW5nIHNob3duIGluIHRoaXMgZGlhZ3JhbS4=

Cg==

[Qq]

[q]In the diagram below, which number is pointing to the part that holds the two sister chromatids together?

[c]MQ==[Qq]

[c]Mg==[Qq]

[c]Mw==[Qq]

[c]NA ==[Qq]

[f]VGhhdCYjODIxNztzIG5vdCBpdC4gTnVtYmVyIDEgaXMgcG9pbnRpbmcgdG8gb25lIG9mIHRoZSBzaXN0ZXIgY2hyb21hdGlkcy4gVHJ5IHRvIGlkZW50aWZ5IGEgcGFydCB0aGF0IGNvbm5lY3RzIHRoaXMgc2lzdGVyIGNocm9tYXRpZCB0byB0aGUgb3RoZXIgc2lzdGVyIGNocm9tYXRpZC4=[Qq]

[f]Tm8uIE51bWJlciAyIGlzIHBvaW50aW5nIHRvIGEga2luZXRvY2hvcmUuIFRyeSB0byBpZGVudGlmeSBhIHBhcnQgdGhhdCBjb25uZWN0cyB0aGUgdHdvIHNpc3RlciBjaHJvbWF0aWRzLiBUaGUgc2lzdGVyIGNocm9tYXRpZHMgYXJlIHRoZSBsYXJnZXN0IHN0cnVjdHVyZXMgc2hvd24gaW4gdGhpcyBkaWFncmFtLg==[Qq]

[f]Tm8uIE51bWJlciAzIHJlcHJlc2VudHMgdGhlIHNwaW5kbGUgZmliZXJzLiAuIFRyeSB0byBpZGVudGlmeSBhIHBhcnQgdGhhdCBjb25uZWN0cyB0aGUgdHdvIHNpc3RlciBjaHJvbWF0aWRzLiBUaGUgc2lzdGVyIGNocm9tYXRpZHMgYXJlIHRoZSBsYXJnZXN0IHN0cnVjdHVyZXMgc2hvd24gaW4gdGhpcyBkaWFncmFtLg==[Qq]

[f]RXhhY3RseS4gTnVtYmVyIDQgcmVwcmVzZW50cyB0aGUgY2VudHJvbWVyZSwgd2hpY2ggaXMgd2hhdCBob2xkcyB0aGUgdHdvIHNpc3RlciBjaHJvbWF0aWRzIHRvZ2V0aGVyLg==

Cg==

[Qq]

[q]In the diagram below, which number is pointing to the ‘handles’ that the spindle fibers grab onto as they move and then separate the sister chromatids?

[c]MQ==[Qq]

[c]Mg ==[Qq]

[c]Mw==[Qq]

[c]NA==[Qq]

[f]wqBOby4gTnVtYmVyIDEgaXMgcG9pbnRpbmcgdG8gb25lIG9mIHRoZSBzaXN0ZXIgY2hyb21hdGlkcy4gV2hhdCB5b3UmIzgyMTc7cmUgbG9va2luZyBmb3IgaXMgc29tZXRoaW5nIGVxdWl2YWxlbnQgdG8gYSBoYW5kbGUgdGhhdCB0aGUgc3BpbmRsZSBmaWJlcnMgKHNob3duIGF0IDMpIMKgZ3JhYiBvbnRvIGFzIHRoZXkgbW92ZSBjaHJvbW9zb21lcyB0byB0aGUgY2VudGVyIG9mIHRoZSBjZWxsLCBhbmQgdGhlbiBwdWxsIHRoZSBzaXN0ZXIgY2hyb21hdGlkcyBhcGFydC4gTmV4dCB0aW1lLCB0cnkgdG8gaWRlbnRpZnkgYSBwYXJ0IHRoYXQgbG9va3MgbGlrZSBvbmUgb2YgdGhlc2UgaGFuZGxlcy4=[Qq]

[f]VGVycmlmaWMhIE51bWJlciAyIGlzIHBvaW50aW5nIHRvIGEga2luZXRvY2hvcmUuIFRoZSBraW5ldG9jaG9yZSBpcyBsaWtlIGEgaGFuZGxlIHRoYXQgdGhlIHNwaW5kbGUgZmliZXJzIGdyYWIgb250byBhcyB0aGV5IG1vdmUgY2hyb21vc29tZXMgdG8gdGhlIGNlbnRlciBvZiB0aGUgY2VsbCwgYW5kIHRoZW4gcHVsbCB0aGUgc2lzdGVyIGNocm9tYXRpZHMgYXBhcnQu[Qq]

[f]Tm8uIE51bWJlciAzIHJlcHJlc2VudHMgdGhlIHNwaW5kbGUgZmliZXJzLiBXaGF0IHlvdSYjODIxNztyZSBsb29raW5nIGZvciBpcyBzb21ldGhpbmcgZXF1aXZhbGVudCB0byBhIGhhbmRsZSB0aGF0IHRoZSBzcGluZGxlIGZpYmVycyAoc2hvd24gYXQgMykgwqBncmFiIG9udG8gYXMgdGhleSBtb3ZlIGNocm9tb3NvbWVzIHRvIHRoZSBjZW50ZXIgb2YgdGhlIGNlbGwsIGFuZCB0aGVuIHB1bGwgdGhlIHNpc3RlciBjaHJvbWF0aWRzIGFwYXJ0LiBOZXh0IHRpbWUsIHRyeSB0byBpZGVudGlmeSBhIHBhcnQgdGhhdCBsb29rcyBsaWtlIG9uZSBvZiB0aGVzZSBoYW5kbGVzLg==[Qq]

[f]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

Cg==

[Qq]

[q]In the diagram below, which number is pointing to the protein microtubules that move and then separate the sister chromatids?

[c]MQ==[Qq]

[c]Mg==[Qq]

[c]Mw ==[Qq]

[c]NA==[Qq]

[f]Tm8uIE51bWJlciAxIGlzIHBvaW50aW5nIHRvIG9uZSBvZiB0aGUgc2lzdGVyIGNocm9tYXRpZHMuIFlvdSYjODIxNztyZSBsb29raW5nIGZvciB0aGUgc3BpbmRsZSBmaWJlcnMsIHByb3RlaW4gbWljcm90dWJ1bGVzLCB3aGljaCBhcmUgdGhlICYjODIxNjtzdHJpbmdzJiM4MjE3OyB0aGF0IGdyYWIgb250byB0aGUgc2lzdGVyIGNocm9tYXRpZHMgYW5kIHB1bGwgdGhlbSBhcGFydC4gTmV4dCB0aW1lLCB0aGluayBhYm91dCB3aGljaCBhcnJvdyBpcyBwb2ludGluZyB0byBhIHBhcnQgdGhhdCBsb29rcyBtb3N0IHNpbWlsYXIgdG8gYSBncm91cCBvZiBzdHJpbmdzLg==[Qq]

[f]Tm8uIE51bWJlciAyIGlzIHBvaW50aW5nIHRvIGEga2luZXRvY2hvcmUuIFlvdSYjODIxNztyZSBsb29raW5nIGZvciB0aGUgc3BpbmRsZSBmaWJlcnMsIHByb3RlaW4gbWljcm90dWJ1bGVzIHdoaWNoIGFyZSB0aGUgJiM4MjE2O3N0cmluZ3MmIzgyMTc7IHRoYXQgZ3JhYiBvbnRvIHRoZSBzaXN0ZXIgY2hyb21hdGlkcyDCoChhdCB0aGUga2luZXRvY2hvcmUpIGFuZCBwdWxsIHRoZW0gYXBhcnQuIE5leHQgdGltZSwgdGhpbmsgYWJvdXQgd2hpY2ggYXJyb3cgaXMgcG9pbnRpbmcgdG8gYSBwYXJ0IHRoYXQgbG9va3MgbW9zdCBzaW1pbGFyIHRvIGEgZ3JvdXAgb2Ygc3RyaW5ncy4=[Qq]

[f]wqBBd2Vzb21lLiBOdW1iZXIgMyByZXByZXNlbnRzIHRoZSBzcGluZGxlIGZpYmVycy4gVGhlc2UgZmliZXJzIGFyZSBwcm90ZWluIG1pY3JvdHVidWxlcyB0aGF0IG1hbmlwdWxhdGUgYW5kIHRoZW4gcHVsbCBhcGFydCB0aGUgc2lzdGVyIGNocm9tYXRpZHMu[Qq]

[f]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[Qq]

[x]
If you want to take this quiz again, click the button below

[restart]

[/qwiz]

4.4. Phases of Mitosis

[qwiz random=true]

[h]Quiz: Phases of Mitosis.

[i]

[q] The diagram below shows a cell in which phase of mitosis/cell division?

[c]IGludGVycGhhc2U=[Qq]

[c]IHByb3BoYXNl[Qq]

[c]IGxhdGUgcHJvcGhhc2UvcHJvbWV0YXBoYXNl[Qq]

[c]IG1ldGFw aGFzZQ==[Qq]

[c]IGFuYXBoYXNl[Qq]

[c]IHRlbG9waGFzZQ==[Qq]

[c]IGN5dG9raW5lc2lz[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBOb3RpY2UgdGhhdCB0aGUgY2hyb21vc29tZXMgYXJlIGluIHRoZSBtaWRkbGUgb2YgdGhlIGNlbGwuIFRoZSDigJht4oCZIGluIHRoZSB3b3JkIOKAmG1pZGRsZeKAmSBpcyBhIGNsdWUgdG8gdGhlIG5hbWUgb2YgdGhpcyBwaGFzZS4=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBOb3RpY2UgdGhhdCB0aGUgY2hyb21vc29tZXMgYXJlIGluIHRoZSBtaWRkbGUgb2YgdGhlIGNlbGwuIFRoZSDigJjigJht4oCZIGluIHRoZSB3b3JkIOKAmG1pZGRsZeKAmSBpcyBhIGNsdWUgdG8gdGhlIG5hbWUgb2YgdGhpcyBwaGFzZS4=[Qq]

[f]IEV4Y2VsbGVudC4gVGhpcyBjZWxsIGlzIGluIG1ldGFwaGFzZSwgd2hpY2ggeW91IGNhbiB0ZWxsIGJ5IHRoZSBmYWN0IHRoYXQgdGhlIGNocm9tb3NvbWVzIGFyZSBpbiB0aGUgbWlkZGxlIG9mIHRoZSBjZWxsLg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBJbiBhbmFwaGFzZSwgdGhlIHNpc3RlciBjaHJvbWF0aWRzIGFyZSBwdWxsZWQgYXBhcnQuIE5vdGljZSB0aGF0IHRoZSBjaHJvbW9zb21lcyBhcmUgc3RpbGwgZG91YmxlZCBhbmQgdGhhdCB0aGV5IGFyZSBpbiB0aGUgbWlkZGxlIG9mIHRoZSBjZWxsLiBUaGUg4oCY4oCYbeKAmSBpbiB0aGUgd29yZCDigJhtaWRkbGXigJkgaXMgYSBjbHVlIHRvIHRoZSBuYW1lIG9mIHRoaXMgcGhhc2Uu[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBJbiB0ZWxvcGhhc2UsIHlvdeKAmWQgc2VlIG9uZSBlbG9uZ2F0ZWQgY2VsbCB3aXRoIHR3byBudWNsZWkuIEhlcmUsIHRoZXJl4oCZcyBubyBudWNsZXVzIGF0IGFsbC4gSW4gYWRkaXRpb24sIG5vdGljZSB0aGF0IHRoZSBjaHJvbW9zb21lcyBhcmUgc3RpbGwgZG91YmxlZCBhbmQgdGhhdCB0aGV5IGFyZSBpbiB0aGUgbWlkZGxlIG9mIHRoZSBjZWxsLiBUaGUg4oCYbeKAmSBpbiB0aGUgd29yZCDigJhtaWRkbGXigJkgaXMgYSBjbHVlIHRvIHRoZSBuYW1lIG9mIHRoaXMgcGhhc2Uu[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBJbiBjeXRva2luZXNpcywgdGhlIGNlbGwgaXMgc3BsaXR0aW5nIGludG8gdHdvLiBOb3RpY2UgdGhhdCBpbiB0aGlzIGNlbGwgdGhlIGNocm9tb3NvbWVzIGFyZSBzdGlsbCBkb3VibGVkIGFuZCB0aGF0IHRoZXkgYXJlIGluIHRoZSBtaWRkbGUgb2YgdGhlIGNlbGwuIFRoZSDigJht4oCZIGluIHRoZSB3b3JkIOKAmG1pZGRsZeKAmSBpcyBhIGNsdWUgdG8gdGhlIG5hbWUgb2YgdGhpcyBwaGFzZS4=

Cg==

[Qq]

[q] In terms of cell division and mitosis, what’s the next thing that will happen to the cell shown in the diagram?

[c]IFRoZSBjZWxsIHdpbGwgcmVwbGljYXRlIGl0cyBjaHJvbW9zb21lcy4=[Qq]

[c]IFRoZSBjZWxsIHdpbGwgc3BsaXQgaW50byB0d28gZGF1Z2h0ZXIgY2VsbHMu[Qq]

[c]IFR3byBudWNsZWFyIG1lbWJyYW5lcyB3aWxsIGZvcm0gYXJvdW5kIGVhY2ggc2V0IG9mIGRhdWdodGVyIGNocm9tb3NvbWVzLg==[Qq]

[c]IFNpc3RlciBjaHJvbWF0aWRzIH dpbGwgYmUgc3BsaXQgYXBhcnQu[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBUaGUgY2hyb21vc29tZXMgaGF2ZSBhbHJlYWR5IHJlcGxpY2F0ZWQgdGhlbXNlbHZlcy4gVGhhdOKAmXMgd2h5IHRoZSBjaHJvbW9zb21lcyBoYXZlIGFuIOKAmFjigJkgbGlrZSBhcHBlYXJhbmNlLiBOb3csIHRoZXJlIGFyZSBkb3VibGVkIGNocm9tb3NvbWVzIGluIHRoZSBtaWRkbGUgb2YgdGhlIGNlbGwuIFRoZXNlIGRvdWJsZWQgY2hyb21vc29tZXMgbmVlZCB0byBiZSBzZXBhcmF0ZWQuIFdoYXTigJlzIHRoZSBuZXh0IG1vc3QgbGlrZWx5IHN0ZXA/[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBFYWNoIGRhdWdodGVyIGNlbGwgd2lsbCBoYXZlIHRvIHJlZm9ybSBpdHMgbnVjbGV1cyBiZWZvcmUgdGhlIGNlbGwgY2FuIHNwbGl0LiBOb3csIHRoZXJlIGFyZSBkb3VibGVkIGNocm9tb3NvbWVzIGluIHRoZSBtaWRkbGUgb2YgdGhlIGNlbGwuIFRoZXNlIGRvdWJsZWQgY2hyb21vc29tZXMgbmVlZCB0byBiZSBzZXBhcmF0ZWQuIFdoYXTigJlzIHRoZSBuZXh0IG1vc3QgbGlrZWx5IHN0ZXA/[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBCZWZvcmUgdGhhdCBjYW4gaGFwcGVuLCB0aGUgZG91YmxlZCBjaHJvbW9zb21lcyBuZWVkIHRvIGJlIHB1bGxlZCBhcGFydC4gVGhpbmsgYWJvdXQgdGhhdCB0aGUgbmV4dCB0aW1lIHlvdSBzZWUgdGhpcyBxdWVzdGlvbi4=[Qq]

[f]IEV4Y2VsbGVudC4gVGhpcyBjZWxsIGlzIGluIG1ldGFwaGFzZSwgd2l0aCBjaHJvbW9zb21lcyBsaW5lZCB1cCBpbiB0aGUgbWlkZGxlIG9mIHRoZSBjZWxsLiBJbiB0aGUgbmV4dCBwaGFzZSwgYW5hcGhhc2UsIHRoZSBzcGluZGxlIGZpYmVycyB3aWxsIHNlcGFyYXRlIHRoZXNlIHNpc3RlciBjaHJvbWF0aWRzLg==

Cg==

[Qq]

[q] The diagram below shows a cell in which phase of mitosis/cell division?

[c]IGludGVy cGhhc2U=[Qq]

[c]IHByb3BoYXNl[Qq]

[c]IG1ldGFwaGFzZQ==[Qq]

[c]IHRlbG9waGFzZQ==[Qq]

[f]IEV4Y2VsbGVudC4gSW4gaW50ZXJwaGFzZSwgdGhlIGNlbGzigJlzIG51Y2xlYXIgbWVtYnJhbmUgaXMgaW50YWN0LiBZb3UgY2FuIHNlZSB0aGUgbnVjbGVvbHVzLCBhbmQgdGhlcmXigJlzIG5vIHNwaW5kbGUu[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBJbiBwcm9waGFzZSwgdGhlIGNocm9tb3NvbWVzIGNvbmRlbnNlLiBJbiB0aGlzIHBoYXNlLCB5b3UgY2Fu4oCZdCBzZWUgZGlzdGluY3QgY2hyb21vc29tZXMuIE5leHQgdGltZSwgbWFrZSBhbm90aGVyIGNob2ljZS4=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBJZiB0aGlzIHdlcmUgdGVsb3BoYXNlLCB5b3Ugd291bGQgc2VlIHR3byBudWNsZWkgZm9ybWluZyB3aXRoaW4gb25lIGVsb25nYXRlZCBjZWxsLiBOZXh0IHRpbWUsIG1ha2UgYW5vdGhlciBjaG9pY2Uu

Cg==

[Qq]

[q] If the cell below is in G2 of interphase, what’s the next thing that will happen to it?

[c]IFRoZSBjZWxsIHdpbGwgcmVwbGljYXRlIGl0cyBjaHJvbW9zb21lcy4=[Qq]

[c]IFRoZSBjZWxsIHdpbGwgc3BsaXQgaW50byB0d28gZGF1Z2h0ZXIgY2VsbHMu[Qq]

[c]IFR3byBudWNsZWFyIG1lbWJyYW5lcyB3aWxsIGZvcm0gYXJvdW5kIGVhY2ggc2V0IG9mIGRhdWdodGVyIGNocm9tb3NvbWVzLg==[Qq]

[c]IFNpc3RlciBjaHJvbWF0aWRzIHdpbGwgYmUgc3BsaXQgYXBhcnQu[Qq]

[c]IFRoZSBETkEgd2lsbCBjb25kZW5zZSBpbn RvIGRpc3RpbmN0IGNocm9tb3NvbWVzLg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBJbiBHMiBvZiBpbnRlcnBoYXNlLCB0aGUgY2hyb21vc29tZXMgaGF2ZSBhbHJlYWR5IHJlcGxpY2F0ZWQgdGhlbXNlbHZlcy4gQnV0IHRoZSBjaHJvbW9zb21lcyBhcmUgc3RpbGwgc3ByZWFkIG91dCB0aHJvdWdob3V0IHRoZSBudWNsZXVzLiBIb3cgd2lsbCB0aGUgY2hyb21vc29tZXMgaGF2ZSB0byBjaGFuZ2UgZm9yIGNlbGwgZGl2aXNpb24gdG8gcHJvY2VlZD8=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBNYW55IHRoaW5ncyB3aWxsIGhhdmUgdG8gaGFwcGVuIGJlZm9yZSB0aGUgY2VsbCBpcyByZWFkeSB0byBzcGxpdC4gT25lIG9mIHRoZXNlIHRoaW5ncyBoYXMgdG8gZG8gd2l0aCBjaGFuZ2luZyB0aGUgYXBwZWFyYW5jZSBhbmQgYXJyYW5nZW1lbnQgb2YgdGhlIGNlbGzigJlzIEROQSwgd2hpY2ggaXMgb3JnYW5pemVkIGludG8gY2hyb21vc29tZXMu[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBXYXkgYmVmb3JlIHRoYXQgY2FuIGhhcHBlbiwgdGhlIGNlbGwgd2lsbCBuZWVkIHRvIGNoYW5nZSB0aGUgYXBwZWFyYW5jZSBhbmQgYXJyYW5nZW1lbnQgb2YgaXRzIEROQSwgd2hpY2ggaXMgb3JnYW5pemVkIGludG8gY2hyb21vc29tZXMu[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBUaGF0IGRvZXMgaGFwcGVuIGR1cmluZyBhbmFwaGFzZS4gQmVmb3JlIHdlIGNhbiBldmVuIGFwcHJvYWNoIHRoaXMgc3RhZ2UsIHdlIGhhdmUgdG8gb3JnYW5pemUgdGhlIGR1cGxpY2F0ZWQgRE5BIHNvIHRoYXQgaXQgbG9va3MgbGlrZSBzaXN0ZXIgY2hyb21hdGlkcy4gSG93IHdpbGwgdGhhdCBoYXBwZW4/[Qq]

[f]IEV4YWN0bHkhIFRoYXQgaXMgd2hhdCBoYXBwZW5zIGR1cmluZyBwcm9waGFzZSwgYWxvbmcgd2l0aCB0aGUgZGlzYXBwZWFyYW5jZSBvZiB0aGUgbnVjbGVvbHVzLCBhbmQgdGhlIGRpc2ludGVncmF0aW9uIG9mIHRoZSBudWNsZWFyIG1lbWJyYW5lcy4=

Cg==

[Qq]

[q] The diagram below shows a cell in which phase of mitosis/cell division?

[c]IGludGVycGhhc2U=[Qq]

[c]IHByb3 BoYXNl[Qq]

[c]IG1ldGFwaGFzZQ==[Qq]

[c]IHRlbG9waGFzZQ==[Qq]

[c]IGN5dG9raW5lc2lz[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBJbiBpbnRlcnBoYXNlLCB0aGUgY2VsbOKAmXMgbnVjbGVhciBtZW1icmFuZSBpcyBpbnRhY3QuIFlvdSBjYW4gc2VlIHRoZSBudWNsZW9sdXMsIGFuZCB0aGVyZeKAmXMgbm8gc3BpbmRsZS4=[Qq]

[f]IFRoYXTigJlzIGNvcnJlY3QuIEluIHByb3BoYXNlLCBhcyB5b3UgY2FuIHNlZSwgdGhlIGNocm9tb3NvbWVzIGNvbmRlbnNlLCB0aGUgbnVjbGVvbHVzIGRpc2FwcGVhcnMsIGFuZCB0aGUgY2VudHJvc29tZXMgc3RhcnQgdG8gbW92ZSBhd2F5IGZyb20gb25lIGFub3RoZXIu[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBJZiB0aGlzIHdlcmUgdGVsb3BoYXNlLCB5b3Ugd291bGQgc2VlIHR3byBudWNsZWkgZm9ybWluZyB3aXRoaW4gb25lIGVsb25nYXRlZCBjZWxsLiBOZXh0IHRpbWUsIG1ha2UgYW5vdGhlciBjaG9pY2Uu[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBJbiBjeXRva2luZXNpcywgdGhlIGNlbGwgc3BsaXRzIGludG8gdHdvLiBIZXJl4oCZcyBhIGhpbnQ6IHdl4oCZcmUgaW4gYW4gZWFybHkgcGhhc2Ugb2YgY2VsbCBkaXZpc2lvbiwgYnV0IG5vdCByaWdodCBhdCB0aGUgc3RhcnQu

Cg==

[Qq]

[q] The diagram below shows a cell in which phase of mitosis/cell division?

[c]IGludGVycGhhc2U=[Qq]

[c]IHByb3BoYXNl[Qq]

[c]IG1ldGFwaGFzZQ==[Qq]

[c]IGFuYX BoYXNl[Qq]

[c]IHRlbG9waGFzZQ==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBJbiBpbnRlcnBoYXNlLCB0aGUgY2VsbOKAmXMgbnVjbGVhciBtZW1icmFuZSBpcyBpbnRhY3QuIFlvdSBjYW4gc2VlIHRoZSBudWNsZW9sdXMsIGFuZCB0aGVyZeKAmXMgbm8gc3BpbmRsZS4gTm90ZSB0aGF0IGluIHRoaXMgY2VsbCwgdGhlIHNpc3RlciBjaHJvbWF0aWRzIGhhdmUgYmVlbiBwdWxsZWQgYXBhcnQuIFRoZSDigJhB4oCZIGluIOKAmGFwYXJ04oCZIGlzIGEgY2x1ZSB0byB0aGUgbmFtZSBvZiB0aGlzIHBoYXNlLg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLg==wqA=SW4gcHJvcGhhc2UsIHRoZSBjaHJvbW9zb21lcyBjb25kZW5zZSwgdGhlIG51Y2xlb2x1cyBkaXNhcHBlYXJzLCBhbmQgdGhlIGNlbnRyb3NvbWVzIHN0YXJ0IHRvIG1vdmUgYXdheSBmcm9tIG9uZSBhbm90aGVyLiBOb3RlIHRoYXQgaW4gdGhpcyBjZWxsLCB0aGUgc2lzdGVyIGNocm9tYXRpZHMgaGF2ZSBiZWVuIHB1bGxlZCBhcGFydC4gVGhlIOKAmEHigJkgaW4g4oCYYXBhcnTigJkgaXMgYSBjbHVlIHRvIHRoZSBuYW1lIG9mIHRoaXMgcGhhc2Uu[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBJZiB0aGlzIHdlcmUgbWV0YXBoYXNlLCB0aGUgY2hyb21vc29tZXMgd291bGQgYmUgbGluZWQgdXAgYWxvbmcgdGhlIGNlbGwgZXF1YXRvci4gQSB3ZWxsLWRldmVsb3BlZCBzcGluZGxlIHdvdWxkIGJlIHZpc2libGUuIE5vdGUgdGhhdCBpbiB0aGlzIGNlbGwsIHRoZSBzaXN0ZXIgY2hyb21hdGlkcyBoYXZlIGJlZW4gcHVsbGVkIGFwYXJ0LiBUaGUg4oCYQeKAmSBpbiDigJhhcGFydOKAmSBpcyBhIGNsdWUgdG8gdGhlIG5hbWUgb2YgdGhpcyBwaGFzZS4=[Qq]

[f]IEZhYnVsb3VzLiBUaGlzIGNlbGwgaXMgaW4gYW5hcGhhc2UsIHdoaWNoIHlvdSBjYW4gdGVsbCBieSB0aGUgZmFjdCB0aGF0IHRoZSBzaXN0ZXIgY2hyb21hdGlkcyBoYXZlIGJlZW4gcHVsbGVkIGFwYXJ0Lg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBJZiB0aGlzIHdlcmUgdGVsb3BoYXNlLCB5b3Ugd291bGQgc2VlIHR3byBudWNsZWkgZm9ybWluZyB3aXRoaW4gb25lIGVsb25nYXRlZCBjZWxsLiBOb3RlIHRoYXQgaW4gdGhpcyBjZWxsLCB0aGUgc2lzdGVyIGNocm9tYXRpZHMgaGF2ZSBiZWVuIHB1bGxlZCBhcGFydC4gVGhlIOKAmEHigJkgaW4g4oCYYXBhcnTigJkgaXMgYSBjbHVlIHRvIHRoZSBuYW1lIG9mIHRoaXMgcGhhc2Uu

Cg==

wqA=[Qq]

[q] In terms of cell division and mitosis, what’s the next thing that will happen to the cell shown in the diagram?

[c]IFRoZSBjaHJvbW9zb21lcyB3aWxsIGxpbmUgdXAgaW4gdGhlIG1pZGRsZSBvZiB0aGUgY2VsbC4=[Qq]

[c]IFRoZSBjZWxsIHdpbGwgc3BsaXQgaW50byB0d28gZGF1Z2h0ZXIgY2VsbHMu[Qq]

[c]IEEgbnVjbGVhciBtZW1icmFuZSB3aWxsIGZvcm0gYXJvdW5k IGVhY2ggc2V0IG9mIGRhdWdodGVyIGNocm9tb3NvbWVzLg==[Qq]

[c]IFRoZSBETkEgd2lsbCBiZSBkdXBsaWNhdGVkLg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBBcyB5b3UgY2FuIHNlZSBpbiB0aGUgZGlhZ3JhbSwgdGhlIHNpc3RlciBjaHJvbWF0aWRzIGhhdmUgYWxyZWFkeSBiZWVuIHB1bGxlZCBhcGFydC4gTW92aW5nIHRoZW0gdG8gdGhlIG1pZGRsZSB3b3VsZCBiZSBhIHN0ZXAgYmFja3dhcmQuIFRoaW5rIGFib3V0IHdoZXJlIHlvdSBmaW5kIGNocm9tb3NvbWVzIGluIGEgbWF0dXJlIGNlbGwsIGFuZCB5b3XigJlsbCBiZSBhYmxlIHRvIGZpZ3VyZSBvdXQgdGhlIGFuc3dlciB0byB0aGlzIHF1ZXN0aW9uIHdoZW4geW91IHNlZSBpdCBhZ2Fpbi4=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLCBidXQgdGhhdOKAmXMgY2xvc2UuIEluIGJldHdlZW4gc3BsaXR0aW5nIGFwYXJ0IHRoZSBzaXN0ZXIgY2hyb21hdGlkcywgd2hpY2ggaXMgd2hhdCB5b3Ugc2VlIGhlcmUsIGFuZCBkaXZpc2lvbiBvZiB0aGUgY2VsbCBpcyBvbmUgbW9yZSBzdGFnZS4gVGhpbmsgYWJvdXQgd2hlcmUgeW91IGZpbmQgY2hyb21vc29tZXMgaW4gYSBtYXR1cmUgY2VsbCwgYW5kIHlvdeKAmWxsIGJlIGFibGUgdG8gZmlndXJlIG91dCB0aGUgYW5zd2VyIHRvIHRoaXMgcXVlc3Rpb24gd2hlbiB5b3Ugc2VlIGl0IGFnYWluLg==[Qq]

[f]IENvcnJlY3QhIEFmdGVyIGFuYXBoYXNlLCBkdXJpbmcgd2hpY2ggdGhlIHNpc3RlciBjaHJvbWF0aWRzIGhhdmUgYmVlbiBwdWxsZWQgYXBhcnQsIHRoZSBuZXh0IHN0ZXAgd291bGQgYmUgdG8gcmUtZm9ybSBuZXcgbnVjbGVpLCB3aXRoIG1lbWJyYW5lcyBzdXJyb3VuZGluZyB0aGUgZGF1Z2h0ZXIgY2hyb21vc29tZXMu[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBUaGF0IGhhcHBlbmVkIGxvbmcgYWdvLCBkdXJpbmcgdGhlIG1pZGRsZSBvZiBpbnRlcnBoYXNlLiBBZnRlciBzcGxpdHRpbmcgYXBhcnQgdGhlIHNpc3RlciBjaHJvbWF0aWRzLCB3aGljaCBpcyB3aGF0IHlvdSBzZWUgaGVyZSwgd2hhdCB3b3VsZCBoYXZlIHRvIGhhcHBlbj8gVGhpbmsgYWJvdXQgd2hlcmUgeW91IGZpbmQgY2hyb21vc29tZXMgaW4gYSBtYXR1cmUgY2VsbCwgYW5kIHlvdeKAmWxsIGJlIGFibGUgdG8gZmlndXJlIG91dCB0aGUgYW5zd2VyIHRvIHRoaXMgcXVlc3Rpb24gd2hlbiB5b3Ugc2VlIGl0IGFnYWluLg==

Cg==

[Qq]

[q] The diagram below shows a cell in which phase of mitosis/cell division?

[c]IGludGVycGhhc2U=[Qq]

[c]IHByb3BoYXNl[Qq]

[c]IG1ldGFwaGFzZQ==[Qq]

[c]IGFuYXBoYXNl[Qq]

[c]IHRlbG9waGFzZQ==[Qq]

[c]IGN5dG9r aW5lc2lz[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBJbnRlcnBoYXNlIGlzIHRoZSB2ZXJ5IGJlZ2lubmluZyBvZiB0aGUgcHJvY2VzcyBvZiBjZWxsIGRpdmlzaW9uLCBhbmQgbWFueSB0aGluZ3MgaGF2ZSB0byBoYXBwZW4gYmVmb3JlIHRoZSBjZWxsIGlzIHJlYWR5IHRvIHNwbGl0IGludG8gdHdvLiBOZXh0IHRpbWUsIGNob29zZSBhIHBoYXNlIGNsb3NlciB0byB0aGUgZW5kIG9mIHRoZSBjZWxsIGRpdmlzaW9uIHByb2Nlc3Mu[Qq]

[f]IE5vLg==wqAgSW4gYSBjZWxsIGluIHByb3BoYXNlLCB5b3XigJlkIGJlIGFibGUgdG8gc2VlIGRpc3RpbmN0IGNocm9tb3NvbWVzLiBBbmQgeW91IHdvdWxkbuKAmXQgc2VlIGEgY2VsbCB0aGF04oCZcyBhYm91dCB0byBzcGxpdCBpbnRvIHR3byBkYXVnaHRlciBjZWxscy4gTmV4dCB0aW1lLCBjaG9vc2UgYSBtdWNoIGxhdGVyIHBoYXNlIGluIHRoZSBwcm9jZXNzLg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBJZiB0aGlzIHdlcmUgbWV0YXBoYXNlLCB0aGUgY2hyb21vc29tZXMgd291bGQgYmUgbGluZWQgdXAgYWxvbmcgdGhlIGNlbGwgZXF1YXRvci4gQWRkaXRpb25hbGx5LCBhIG1ldGFwaGFzZSBjZWxsIHdvdWxkIG5vdCBiZSBzcGxpdHRpbmcgaW50byB0d28gZGF1Z2h0ZXIgY2VsbHMuIE5leHQgdGltZSwgY2hvb3NlIGEgcGhhc2UgdGhhdOKAmXMgYXQgdGhlIGVuZCBvZiB0aGUgcHJvY2Vzcy4=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBJbiBhbmFwaGFzZSwgeW914oCZZCBzZWUgYSBzaW5nbGUgY2VsbCBpbiB3aGljaCB0aGUgc2lzdGVyIGNocm9tYXRpZHMgaGFkIGp1c3QgYmVlbiBwdWxsZWQgYXBhcnQuIEJ1dCB0aGUgY2VsbCB3b3VsZCBiZSBhIGxvbmcgd2F5IGZyb20gc3BsaXR0aW5nIGludG8gdHdvLiBOZXh0IHRpbWUsIGNob29zZSBhIHBoYXNlIHRoYXTigJlzIGNsb3NlIHRvIHRoZSBlbmQgb2YgdGhlIHByb2Nlc3Mu[Qq]

[f]IE5vLCBidXQgeW914oCZcmUgdmVyeSBjbG9zZS4gQSB0ZWxvcGhhc2UgY2VsbCBoYXMgYWxyZWFkeSBmb3JtZWQgdHdvIG5ldyBudWNsZWkuIFdoYXQgd291bGQgaGF2ZSB0byBoYXBwZW4gdG8gdGhpcyBjZWxsIGZvciBpdCB0byBmb3JtIHR3byBkYXVnaHRlciBjZWxscz8gTmV4dCB0aW1lIHlvdSBzZWUgdGhpcyBxdWVzdGlvbiwgaWYgeW91IGNhbiB0aGluayBvZiB0aGUgbmFtZSBvZiB0aGUgbGFzdCBwaGFzZSBvZiB0aGUgY2VsbCBkaXZpc2lvbiBwcm9jZXNzLCB5b3XigJlsbCBoYXZlIHRoZSBhbnN3ZXIu[Qq]

[f]IFRlcnJpZmljISBUaGlzIGNlbGwgaXMgaW5kZWVkIHVuZGVyZ29pbmcgY3l0b2tpbmVzaXMgYW5kIGlzIGFib3V0IHRvIHNwbGl0IGludG8gdHdvIGRhdWdodGVyIGNlbGxzLg==

Cg==

[Qq]

[q] The diagram below shows a cell in which phase of mitosis/cell division?

[c]IGludGVycGhhc2U=[Qq]

[c]IHByb3BoYXNlIChlYXJseSk=[Qq]

[c]IGxhdGUgcHJvcGhhc2 UvcHJvbWV0YXBoYXNl[Qq]

[c]IG1ldGFwaGFzZQ==[Qq]

[c]IGFuYXBoYXNl[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBJbiBpbnRlcnBoYXNlLCB0aGUgY2VsbOKAmXMgbnVjbGVhciBtZW1icmFuZSBpcyBpbnRhY3QuIFlvdSBjYW4gc2VlIHRoZSBudWNsZW9sdXMsIGFuZCB0aGVyZeKAmXMgbm8gc3BpbmRsZS4gVGhpcyBjZWxsIGlzIGp1c3QgYWJvdXQgdG8gYmUgaW4gdGhlIG1pZGRsZSBvZiBtaXRvc2lzLiBVc2UgdGhhdCBjbHVlLCBhbmQgbmV4dCB0aW1lIGNob29zZSBhbm90aGVyIGFuc3dlci4=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLCBidXQgeW914oCZcmUgdmVyeSBjbG9zZS4gSW4gYSBjZWxsIGluIGVhcmx5IHByb3BoYXNlLCB0aGUgY2VudHJvc29tZXMgd291bGQgc3RpbGwgYmUgY2xvc2UgdG9nZXRoZXIsIGFuZCBhIGNvbXBsZXRlIHNwaW5kbGUgd291bGQgbm90IGhhdmUgeWV0IGZvcm1lZC4gV2hhdCBwaGFzZSB3b3VsZCBmb2xsb3c/[Qq]

[f]IEV4YWN0bHkuIFRoaXMgY2VsbCBpcyBpbiBsYXRlIHByb3BoYXNlLiBZb3UgY2FuIHRlbGwgdGhpcyBieSB0aGUgZmFjdCB0aGF0IHRoZSBudWNsZWFyIG1lbWJyYW5lIGhhcyBhbG1vc3QgY29tcGxldGVseSBkaXNpbnRlZ3JhdGVkLCBieSB0aGUgbmVhcmx5IGZ1bGx5IGZvcm1lZCBzcGluZGxlLCBhbmQgYnkgdGhlIG1vdmVtZW50IG9mIHRoZSBkb3VibGVkIGNocm9tb3NvbWVzIHRvd2FyZCB0aGUgY2VsbCBlcXVhdG9yLg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBJbiBhIG1ldGFwaGFzZSBjZWxsLCB5b3XigJlkIHNlZSB0aGUgZG91YmxlZCBjaHJvbW9zb21lcyBsaW5lZCB1cCBpbiB0aGUgbWlkZGxlIG9mIHRoZSBjZWxsLiBJbiB0aGlzIGRpYWdyYW0sIHRoZXnigJlyZSBiZWluZyBwdWxsZWQgdG93YXJkIHRoZSBtaWRkbGUsIGJ1dCB0aGV54oCZcmUgbm90IHRoZXJlIHlldC4gV2hpY2ggcGhhc2Ugd291bGQgaW1tZWRpYXRlbHkgcHJlY2VkZSBtZXRhcGhhc2U/[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBJbiBhbmFwaGFzZSwgeW914oCZZCBzZWUgYSBzaW5nbGUgY2VsbCBpbiB3aGljaCB0aGUgc2lzdGVyIGNocm9tYXRpZHMgaGFkIGp1c3QgYmVlbiBwdWxsZWQgYXBhcnQuIEluIHRoaXMgZGlhZ3JhbSwgdGhlIGNocm9tb3NvbWVzIGFyZSBzdGlsbCBkb3VibGVkLiBOZXh0IHRpbWUsIGNob29zZSBhIHBoYXNlIHRoYXTigJlzIGVhcmxpZXIgaW4gdGhlIHByb2Nlc3Mu

Cg==

[Qq]

[q] In terms of cell division and mitosis, what’s the next thing that will happen to the cell shown in the diagram?

[c]IFRoZSBjaHJvbW9zb21lcyB3aWxsIGxpbmUgdX AgaW4gdGhlIG1pZGRsZSBvZiB0aGUgY2VsbC4=[Qq]

[c]IFRoZSBjZWxsIHdpbGwgc3BsaXQgaW50byB0d28gZGF1Z2h0ZXIgY2VsbHMu[Qq]

[c]IFR3byBudWNsZWFyIG1lbWJyYW5lcyB3aWxsIGZvcm0gYXJvdW5kIGVhY2ggc2V0IG9mIGRhdWdodGVyIGNocm9tb3NvbWVzLg==[Qq]

[c]IFNpc3RlciBjaHJvbWF0aWRzIHdpbGwgYmUgc3BsaXQgYXBhcnQu[Qq]

[f]IEV4Y2VsbGVudC4gVGhlIGNocm9tb3NvbWVzIGFyZSBhbHJlYWR5IGhvb2tlZCBvbnRvIHNwaW5kbGUgZmliZXJzLiBOb3cgdGhlIGNlbGwgbmVlZHMgdG8gbW92ZSB0aGUgY2hyb21vc29tZXMgdG8gdGhlIG1pZGRsZSBvZiB0aGUgY2VsbCBzbyB0aGF0IHRoZSBzaXN0ZXIgY2hyb21hdGlkcyBjYW4gYmUgcHVsbGVkIGFwYXJ0Lg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBNYW55IHRoaW5ncyB3aWxsIGhhdmUgdG8gaGFwcGVuIGJlZm9yZSB0aGUgY2VsbCBpcyByZWFkeSB0byBzcGxpdC4gT25lIG9mIHRoZXNlIHRoaW5ncyBoYXMgdG8gZG8gd2l0aCBwb3NpdGlvbmluZyB0aGUgZG91YmxlZCBjaHJvbW9zb21lcyBzbyB0aGF0IHRoZSBzaXN0ZXIgY2hyb21hdGlkcyBjYW4gYmUgcHVsbGVkIGFwYXJ0LiBIb3cgY2FuIHRoYXQgaGFwcGVuPw==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBXYXkgYmVmb3JlIHRoYXQgY2FuIGhhcHBlbiwgdGhlIGNlbGwgbmVlZHMgdG8gc2VwYXJhdGUgdGhlIHNpc3RlciBjaHJvbWF0aWRzIG1ha2luZyB1cCB0aGUgZG91YmxlZCBjaHJvbW9zb21lcy4gSG93IGNhbiB0aGUgY2VsbCBwb3NpdGlvbiB0aGUgc2lzdGVyIGNocm9tYXRpZHMgc28gdGhhdCB0aGV5IGNhbiBiZSBwdWxsZWQgYXBhcnQ/[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiAmIzgyMjA7U3BsaXR0aW5nIGFwYXJ0IHNpc3RlciBjaHJvbWF0aWRzJiM4MjIxOyBoYXBwZW5zIGR1cmluZyBhbmFwaGFzZS4gV2hhdCBoYXMgdG8gaGFwcGVuIGltbWVkaWF0ZWx5IGJlZm9yZSBhbmFwaGFzZT8=

Cg==

[Qq]

[q] The diagram below shows a cell in which phase of mitosis/cell division?

[c]IGludGVycGhhc2U=[Qq]

[c]IHByb3BoYXNl[Qq]

[c]IG1ldGFwaGFzZQ==[Qq]

[c]IGFuYXBoYXNl[Qq]

[c]IHRlbG9w aGFzZQ==[Qq]

[c]IGN5dG9raW5lc2lz[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBJbiBhIGxvdCBvZiB3YXlzLCB0aGlzIGNlbGwgbG9va3MgbGlrZSBhbiBpbnRlcnBoYXNlIGNlbGwsIGV4Y2VwdCB0aGF0IGl0IGhhcyB0d28gc3RyYW5nZSBmZWF0dXJlczogdHdvIG51Y2xlaSwgYW5kIGEgdmVyeSBlbG9uZ2F0ZWQgc2hhcGUuIFRoZSBwcmVzZW5jZSBvZiB0d28gbnVjbGVpIGluZGljYXRlcyB0aGF0IHRoaXMgY2VsbCBpcyBjbG9zZSB0byB0aGUgZW5kIG9mIHRoZSBjZWxsIGRpdmlzaW9uIHByb2Nlc3MgKGFuZCBub3QgYXQgdGhlIGJlZ2lubmluZyku[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBJbiBhIHByb3BoYXNlIGNlbGwsIHRoZSBjaHJvbW9zb21lcyB3b3VsZCBoYXZlIGNvbmRlbnNlZCBpbnRvIHRoZWlyIGNoYXJhY3RlcmlzdGljIOKAmFjigJkgc2hhcGUsIHdoaWNoIHlvdSBkb27igJl0IHNlZSBoZXJlLiBBbHNvLCB5b3UgZG8gc2VlIHR3byBudWNsZWksIGluZGljYXRpbmcgdGhhdCB0aGUgc3RhZ2UgdGhhdCB0aGlzIGNlbGwgaXMgaW4gaXMgY2xvc2UgdG8gdGhlIGVuZCBvZiB0aGUgY2VsbCBkaXZpc2lvbiBwcm9jZXNzLg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBJbiBhIG1ldGFwaGFzZSBjZWxsLCB5b3XigJlkIHNlZSB0aGUgZG91YmxlZCBjaHJvbW9zb21lcyBsaW5lZCB1cCBpbiB0aGUgbWlkZGxlIG9mIHRoZSBjZWxsLiBUaGUgcHJlc2VuY2Ugb2YgdHdvIG51Y2xlaSBpbmRpY2F0ZXMgdGhhdCB0aGlzIGNlbGwgaXMgY2xvc2UgdG8gdGhlIGVuZCBvZiB0aGUgY2VsbCBkaXZpc2lvbiBwcm9jZXNzIChhbmQgbm90IGluIHRoZSBtaWRkbGUuKQ==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLCBidXQgeW914oCZcmUgY2xvc2UuIEluIGFuYXBoYXNlLCB5b3XigJlkIHNlZSBhIHNpbmdsZSBjZWxsIGluIHdoaWNoIHRoZSBzaXN0ZXIgY2hyb21hdGlkcyBoYWQganVzdCBiZWVuIHB1bGxlZCBhcGFydC4gWW91IHdvdWxkIG5vdCBzZWUgdGhlIHR3byBudWNsZWkgd2hpY2ggeW91IHNlZSBpbiB0aGlzIGRpYWdyYW0uIE5leHQgdGltZSwgY2hvb3NlIHRoZSBwaGFzZSBqdXN0IGFmdGVyIGFuYXBoYXNlLg==[Qq]

[f]IEV4Y2VsbGVudC4gVGhpcyBjZWxsIGlzIGluIHRlbG9waGFzZSwgd2hpY2ggeW91IGNhbiB0ZWxsIGJ5IHRoZSBwcmVzZW5jZSBvZiB0d28gbnVjbGVpIGluIG9uZSwgZWxvbmdhdGVkIGNlbGwu[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBJbiBjeXRva2luZXNpcywgdGhlIGNlbGwgaXMgZGl2aWRpbmcgaW50byB0d28uIENob29zZSBhIHNsaWdodGx5IGVhcmxpZXIgcGhhc2UgbmV4dCB0aW1lLg==

Cg==

[Qq]

[q] In terms of cell division and mitosis, what’s the next thing that will happen to the cell shown in the diagram?

[c]IFRoZSBzaXN0ZXIgY2hyb21hdGlkcyB3aWxsIGJlIHB1bGxlZCBhcGFydC4=[Qq]

[c]IFRoZSBjZWxsIHdpbGwgc3BsaXQgaW 50byB0d28gZGF1Z2h0ZXIgY2VsbHMu[Qq]

[c]IFRoZSBjaHJvbW9zb21lcyB3aWxsIG1vdmUgdG8gdGhlIG1pZGRsZSBvZiB0aGUgY2VsbC4=[Qq]

[c]IFRoZSBETkEgd2lsbCBiZSBkdXBsaWNhdGVkLg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBBcyB5b3UgY2FuIHNlZSBpbiB0aGUgZGlhZ3JhbSwgbmV3IG51Y2xlaSBhcmUgcmVmb3JtaW5nLiBUaGF0IG1lYW5zIHRoYXQgc2lzdGVyIGNocm9tYXRpZHMgaGF2ZSBhbHJlYWR5IGJlZW4gc3BsaXQgYXBhcnQuIEhlcmUgeW91IHNlZSBvbmUgZWxvbmdhdGVkIGNlbGwsIHdpdGggdHdvIG51Y2xlaS4gRm9yIHRoZSBuZXh0IHN0ZXAsIGFzayB5b3Vyc2VsZiB0aGUgcXVlc3Rpb24sIOKAmFdoYXQgd2lsbCBoYXZlIHRvIGhhcHBlbiB0byB0aGlzIGNlbGwgdG8gbWFrZSBpdCBpbnRvIHR3byBkYXVnaHRlciBjZWxscz/igJk=[Qq]

[f]IEV4YWN0bHkuIEFmdGVyIHRlbG9waGFzZSwgd2hlcmUgeW91IHNlZSBvbmUgZWxvbmdhdGVkIGNlbGwgd2l0aCB0d28gbnVjbGVpLCB0aGUgbmV4dCBzdGVwIHdvdWxkIGJlIHRvIGRpdmlkZSB0aGUgY2VsbCBpbnRvIHR3by4=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBUaGF0IHdvdWxkIGJlIG1vdmluZyBiYWNrd2FyZCwgdG93YXJkIG1ldGFwaGFzZS4gSGVyZSB5b3Ugc2VlIG9uZSBlbG9uZ2F0ZWQgY2VsbCwgd2l0aCB0d28gbnVjbGVpLiBGb3IgdGhlIG5leHQgc3RlcCwgYXNrIHlvdXJzZWxmIHRoZSBxdWVzdGlvbiwg4oCYV2hhdCB3aWxsIGhhdmUgdG8gaGFwcGVuIHRvIHRoaXMgY2VsbCB0byBtYWtlIGl0IGludG8gdHdvIGRhdWdodGVyIGNlbGxzP+KAmQ==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBUaGF0IGhhcHBlbmVkIGxvbmcgYWdvLCBkdXJpbmcgdGhlIG1pZGRsZSBvZiBpbnRlcnBoYXNlLiBIZXJlIHlvdSBzZWUgb25lIGVsb25nYXRlZCBjZWxsLCB3aXRoIHR3byBudWNsZWkuIEZvciB0aGUgbmV4dCBzdGVwLCBhc2sgeW91cnNlbGYgdGhlIHF1ZXN0aW9uLCDigJhXaGF0IHdpbGwgaGF2ZSB0byBoYXBwZW4gdG8gdGhpcyBjZWxsIHRvIG1ha2UgaXQgaW50byB0d28gZGF1Z2h0ZXIgY2VsbHM/4oCZ[Qq]

[q] When do chromosomes first condense and become visible?

[c]IGludGVycGhhc2U=[Qq]

[c]IHByb3 BoYXNl[Qq]

[c]IG1ldGFwaGFzZQ==[Qq]

[c]IGFuYXBoYXNl[Qq]

[c]IHRlbG9waGFzZQ==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBEdXJpbmcgaW50ZXJwaGFzZSwgdGhlIGNocm9tb3NvbWVzIGFyZSBzcHJlYWQgb3V0IGFuZCBjYW7igJl0IGJlIHNlZW4gZGlzdGluY3RseS4=[Qq]

[f]IENvcnJlY3QuIER1cmluZyBwcm9waGFzZSwgdGhlIGNocm9tb3NvbWVzIGNvbmRlbnNlIGFuZCBiZWNvbWUgdmlzaWJsZS4=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBEdXJpbmcgbWV0YXBoYXNlLCB0aGUgY2hyb21vc29tZXMgYXJlIGNvbmRlbnNlZCBhbmQgdmlzaWJsZSwgYnV0IHRoaXMgY29uZGVuc2F0aW9uIGhhcHBlbnMgZWFybGllciBpbiB0aGUgY2VsbCBkaXZpc2lvbiBwcm9jZXNzLg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBEdXJpbmcgYW5hcGhhc2UsIHRoZSBjaHJvbW9zb21lcyBhcmUgY29uZGVuc2VkIGFuZCB2aXNpYmxlLCBidXQgdGhpcyBjb25kZW5zYXRpb24gaGFwcGVucyBlYXJsaWVyIGluIHRoZSBjZWxsIGRpdmlzaW9uIHByb2Nlc3Mu[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBEdXJpbmcgdGVsb3BoYXNlLCB0aGUgY2hyb21vc29tZXMgb25jZSBhZ2FpbiBzcHJlYWQgb3V0IGluIHRoZSBkYXVnaHRlciBudWNsZWksIGFuZCBubyBsb25nZXIgYXJlIGRpc3RpbmN0IGFuZCB2aXNpYmxlLiBDb25kZW5zYXRpb24gb2NjdXJzIG11Y2ggZWFybGllciBpbiB0aGUgcHJvY2Vzcy4=

Cg==

[Qq]

[q] When are the sister chromatids pulled apart?

[c]IGN5dG9raW5lc2lz[Qq]

[c]IHByb3BoYXNl[Qq]

[c]IG1ldGFwaGFzZQ==[Qq]

[c]IGFuYX BoYXNl[Qq]

[c]IHRlbG9waGFzZQ==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBEdXJpbmcgY3l0b2tpbmVzaXMsIHRoZSBjaHJvbW9zb21lcyBhcmUgZnVsbC1mbGVkZ2VkIHNpbmdsZSBjaHJvbW9zb21lcywgZWFjaCBlbmNsb3NlZCBpbiBhIG51Y2xldXMuIFRoZSBzZXBhcmF0aW9uIG9mIHNpc3RlciBjaHJvbWF0aWRzIGhhcHBlbnMgZWFybGllciBpbiB0aGUgcHJvY2Vzcy4gVGhlIOKAmGHigJkgaW4gdGhlIHdvcmQg4oCYYXBhcnTigJkgaXMgYSBjbHVlIHRvIHRoZSBhbnN3ZXIgdG8gdGhpcyBxdWVzdGlvbi4=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBEdXJpbmcgcHJvcGhhc2UsIHRoZSBzaXN0ZXIgY2hyb21hdGlkcyBhcmUgc3RpbGwgYXR0YWNoZWQgYnkgYSBjZW50cm9tZXJlLiBUaGUgc2VwYXJhdGlvbiBvZiBzaXN0ZXIgY2hyb21hdGlkcyBoYXBwZW5zIGxhdGVyIGluIHRoZSBwcm9jZXNzLiBUaGUg4oCYYeKAmSBpbiB0aGUgd29yZCDigJhhcGFydOKAmSBpcyBhIGNsdWUgdG8gdGhlIGFuc3dlciB0byB0aGlzIHF1ZXN0aW9uLg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBEdXJpbmcgbWV0YXBoYXNlLCB0aGUgc2lzdGVyIGNocm9tYXRpZHMgYXJlIHN0aWxsIGF0dGFjaGVkIGJ5IGEgY2VudHJvbWVyZS4gVGhlIHNlcGFyYXRpb24gb2Ygc2lzdGVyIGNocm9tYXRpZHMgaGFwcGVucyBsYXRlciBpbiB0aGUgcHJvY2Vzcy4gVGhlIOKAmGHigJkgaW4gdGhlIHdvcmQg4oCYYXBhcnTigJkgaXMgYSBjbHVlIHRvIHRoZSBhbnN3ZXIgdG8gdGhpcyBxdWVzdGlvbi4=[Qq]

[f]IEZhYnVsb3VzISBJdOKAmXMgZHVyaW5nIGFuYXBoYXNlIHRoYXQgc2lzdGVyIGNocm9tYXRpZHMgZ2V0IHB1bGxlZCBhcGFydC4gSWYgeW91IGV2ZXIgaGF2ZSB0cm91YmxlIHJlbWVtYmVyaW5nLCBqdXN0IGNvbm5lY3QgdGhlIGxldHRlciAmIzgyMjA7YSYjODIyMTsgaW4gdGhlIHdvcmQgJiM4MjIwO2FwYXJ0JiM4MjIxOyB0byB0aGUgbGV0dGVyICYjODIyMDthJiM4MjIxOyBpbiAmIzgyMjA7YW5hcGhhc2UuJiM4MjIxOw==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBEdXJpbmcgdGVsb3BoYXNlLCB0aGUgc2lzdGVyIGNocm9tYXRpZHMgaGF2ZSBhbHJlYWR5IGJlZW4gcHVsbGVkIGFwYXJ0LCBhbmQsIGFzIGZ1bGwtZmxlZGdlZCBjaHJvbW9zb21lcywgYXJlIGJlaW5nIGVuY2xvc2VkIGluIG5ldyBudWNsZWkuIFRoZSBzZXBhcmF0aW9uIG9mIHNpc3RlciBjaHJvbWF0aWRzIGhhcHBlbnMgZWFybGllciBpbiB0aGUgcHJvY2Vzcy4gVGhlIOKAmGHigJkgaW4gdGhlIHdvcmQg4oCYYXBhcnTigJkgaXMgYSBjbHVlIHRvIHRoZSBhbnN3ZXIgdG8gdGhpcyBxdWVzdGlvbi4=

Cg==

[Qq]

[q] Transmission of hereditary information is associated with

[c]IGNlbnRyb3NvbWVz[Qq]

[c]IGNocm9tb3 NvbWVzLg==[Qq]

[c]IGNlbnRyb21lcmVzLg==[Qq]

[c]IHJpYm9zb21lcy4=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBDZW50cm9zb21lcyBhcmUgcmVzcG9uc2libGUgZm9yIGNyZWF0aW5nIGEgc3BpbmRsZSB0aGF0IHB1bGxzIGFwYXJ0IGNocm9tb3NvbWVzLCBidXQgdGhlIGNlbnRyb3NvbWVzIGFyZW7igJl0IGRpcmVjdGx5IGNvbm5lY3RlZCB3aXRoIHRyYW5zbWl0dGluZyBoZXJlZGl0YXJ5IGluZm9ybWF0aW9uLg==[Qq]

[f]IFllcy4gQ2hyb21vc29tZXMgYXJlIHRoZSBsaW5lYXIgc3RyaW5ncyBvZiBETkEgdGhhdCBob2xkIGFuZCB0cmFuc21pdCBoZXJlZGl0YXJ5IGluZm9ybWF0aW9uLg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBUaGUgY2VudHJvbWVyZXMgYXJlIHJlZ2lvbnMgb2YgY2hyb21vc29tZXMgdGhhdCBwbGF5IGEga2V5IHJvbGUgaW4gaG9sZGluZyB0b2dldGhlciBzaXN0ZXIgY2hyb21hdGlkcy4=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBSaWJvc29tZXMgYXJlIGtleSBpbiB0cmFuc2xhdGluZyBoZXJlZGl0YXJ5IGluZm9ybWF0aW9uIGR1cmluZyBwcm90ZWluIHN5bnRoZXNpcywgYnV0IHRoZXkgZG9u4oCZdCB0cmFuc21pdCB0aGF0IGluZm9ybWF0aW9uLg==

Cg==

[Qq]

[q] The longest period of a cell’s life cycle is:

[c]IFByb3BoYXNl[Qq]

[c]IFRlbG9waGFzZQ==[Qq]

[c]IEludGVy cGhhc2U=[Qq]

[c]IEFuYXBoYXNl[Qq]

[c]IE1ldGFwaGFzZQ==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBBbGwgb2YgdGhlIHBoYXNlcyBvZiBtaXRvc2lzLCBpbmNsdWRpbmcgcHJvcGhhc2UsIG1ha2UgdXAgb25seSBhIHNtYWxsIHBvcnRpb24gb2YgdGhlIGNlbGzigJlzIGxpZmUgY3ljbGUuIFdoYXQgcHJlY2VkZXMgbWl0b3Npcz8=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBBbGwgb2YgdGhlIHBoYXNlcyBvZiBtaXRvc2lzLCBpbmNsdWRpbmcgdGVsb3BoYXNlLCBtYWtlIHVwIG9ubHkgYSBzbWFsbCBwb3J0aW9uIG9mIHRoZSBjZWxs4oCZcyBsaWZlIGN5Y2xlLiBXaGF0IHByZWNlZGVzIG1pdG9zaXM/[Qq]

[f]IEV4YWN0bHkuIEludGVycGhhc2UgaXMgYnkgZmFyIHRoZSBsb25nZXN0IHBlcmlvZCBvZiBhIGNlbGzigJlzIGxpZmUgY3ljbGUuIEl04oCZcyBNVUNIIGxvbmdlciB0aGFuIGFsbCBvZiB0aGUgc3RhZ2VzIG9mIG1pdG9zaXMgY29tYmluZWQu[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBBbGwgb2YgdGhlIHBoYXNlcyBvZiBtaXRvc2lzLCBpbmNsdWRpbmcgYW5hcGhhc2UsIG1ha2UgdXAgb25seSBhIHNtYWxsIHBvcnRpb24gb2YgdGhlIGNlbGzigJlzIGxpZmUgY3ljbGUuIFdoYXQgcHJlY2VkZXMgbWl0b3Npcz8=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBBbGwgb2YgdGhlIHBoYXNlcyBvZiBtaXRvc2lzLCBpbmNsdWRpbmcgbWV0YXBoYXNlLCBtYWtlIHVwIG9ubHkgYSBzbWFsbCBwb3J0aW9uIG9mIHRoZSBjZWxs4oCZcyBsaWZlIGN5Y2xlLiBXaGF0IHByZWNlZGVzIG1pdG9zaXM/

Cg==

[Qq]

[q] In an animal cell, when would a ring of microfilaments be pulling in the membrane as the cell divides into two daughter cells?

[c]IGN5dG9r aW5lc2lz[Qq]

[c]IHByb3BoYXNl[Qq]

[c]IG1ldGFwaGFzZQ==[Qq]

[c]IGFuYXBoYXNl[Qq]

[c]IHRlbG9waGFzZQ==[Qq]

[f]IENvcnJlY3QuIER1cmluZyBjeXRva2luZXNpcywgYW4gYW5pbWFsIGNlbGwgZGl2aWRlcyBpbnRvIHR3byBieSBwaW5jaGluZyBpbiB0aGUgbWVtYnJhbmUgYW5kIHNlcGFyYXRpbmcgdGhlIGNlbGwgaW50byB0d28gZGF1Z2h0ZXIgY2VsbHMsIGVhY2ggd2l0aCBhIGZ1bGwgc2V0IG9mIGNocm9tb3NvbWVzIGluc2lkZSBhIG5ld2x5IGZvcm1lZCBudWNsZXVzLg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBEdXJpbmcgcHJvcGhhc2UsIHRoZSBjZWxsIGlzIGEgbG9uZyB3YXkgZnJvbSBkaXZpZGluZyBpbnRvIHR3byBkYXVnaHRlciBjZWxscy4gTmV4dCB0aW1lLCBjaG9vc2UgYSBsYXRlciBwaGFzZSBpbiB0aGUgcHJvY2Vzcy4=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBEdXJpbmcgbWV0YXBoYXNlLCB0aGUgY2VsbCBpcyBhYm91dCBpbiB0aGUgbWlkZGxlIG9mIHRoZSBjZWxsIGRpdmlzaW9uIHByb2Nlc3MuIE5leHQgdGltZSwgY2hvb3NlIGEgbGF0ZXIgcGhhc2Uu[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBEdXJpbmcgYW5hcGhhc2UsIHRoZSBjZWxsIGlzIHB1bGxpbmcgYXBhcnQgdGhlIHNpc3RlciBjaHJvbWF0aWRzIHRvIGZvcm0gdHdvIG5ldyBjb21wbGV0ZSBzZXRzIG9mIGNocm9tb3NvbWVzLiBCdXQgaXTigJlzIHN0aWxsIG5vdCBxdWl0ZSByZWFkeSB0byBkaXZpZGUuIE5leHQgdGltZSwgY2hvb3NlIGEgbGF0ZXIgcGhhc2UgaW4gdGhlIHByb2Nlc3Mu[Qq]

[f]IE5vLCBidXQgeW91JiM4MjE3O3JlIHZlcnkgY2xvc2UuIER1cmluZyB0ZWxvcGhhc2UsIGNocm9tb3NvbWVzLCBhcmUgZW5jbG9zZWQgaW4gbmV3IG51Y2xlaS4gVGhlIGRpdmlzaW9uIGludG8gdHdvIGNlbGxzIHdvdWxkIGltbWVkaWF0ZWx5IGZvbGxvdyB0aGlzIHN0YWdlLg==

Cg==

[Qq]

[q] When does the nucleolus – the site of ribosome assembly – disappear?

[c]IHByb3 BoYXNl[Qq]

[c]IG1ldGFwaGFzZQ==[Qq]

[c]IGFuYXBoYXNl[Qq]

[c]IHRlbG9waGFzZQ==[Qq]

[f]IFRoYXTigJlzIHJpZ2h0LiBUaGUgbnVjbGVvbHVzIGRpc2FwcGVhcnMgZHVyaW5nIHByb3BoYXNlLg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBEdXJpbmcgbWV0YXBoYXNlLCB0aGUgbnVjbGVvbHVzIGhhcyBhbHJlYWR5IGRpc2FwcGVhcmVkLiBDaG9vc2UgYW4gZWFybGllciBwaGFzZSBpbiB0aGUgcHJvY2Vzcy4=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBEdXJpbmcgYW5hcGhhc2UsIHRoZSBudWNsZW9sdXMgaGFzIGFscmVhZHkgZGlzYXBwZWFyZWQuIENob29zZSBhbiBlYXJsaWVyIHBoYXNlIGluIHRoZSBwcm9jZXNzLg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBEdXJpbmcgdGVsb3BoYXNlLCB0aGUgbnVjbGVvbHVzIHJlYXBwZWFycyBpbiBlYWNoIG9mIHRoZSB0d28gZGF1Z2h0ZXIgbnVjbGVpLiBDaG9vc2UgYSBtdWNoIGVhcmxpZXIgcGhhc2UgaW4gdGhlIHByb2Nlc3Mu

Cg==

[Qq]

[q] Cytokinesis refers to the division of the:

[c]IEN5dG9w bGFzbQ==[Qq]

[c]IE51Y2xldXM=[Qq]

[c]IE1pdG9jaG9uZHJpYQ==[Qq]

[c]IENocm9tb3NvbWVz[Qq]

[f]IE5pY2UuIER1cmluZyBjeXRva2luZXNpcywgdGhlIGNlbGwgc3BsaXRzIGluIHR3bywgZGl2aWRpbmcgdXAgdGhlIGN5dG9wbGFzbSAoYW5kIHRoZSBlbnRpcmUgY2VsbCku[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBEaXZpc2lvbiBvZiB0aGUgbnVjbGV1cyBpcyBsaW1pdGVkIHRvIHRoZSBldmVudHMgb2YgbWl0b3Npcy4=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBSZWxhdGVkIHRvIHRoZWlyIGFtYXppbmcgc3RhdHVzIGFzIHByYWN0aWNhbGx5IGluZGVwZW5kZW50IG9yZ2FuaXNtcyB0aGF0IGxpdmUgaW5zaWRlIG91ciBjZWxscywgbWl0b2Nob25kcmlhbCByZXBsaWNhdGlvbiBpcyB0YWtlbiBjYXJlIG9mIGJ5IHRoZSBtaXRvY2hvbmRyaWEgdGhlbXNlbHZlcywgd2hvIGNvbnRpbnVlIHRvIHJlcHJvZHVjZSBpbiBtdWNoIHRoZSBzYW1lIHdheSBhcyB0aGVpciBiYWN0ZXJpYWwgYW5jZXN0b3JzIGRpZCwgYmlsbGlvbnMgb2YgeWVhcnMgYWdvLg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBEaXZpc2lvbiBvZiB0aGUgY2hyb21vc29tZXMgb2NjdXJzIGR1cmluZyBtaXRvc2lzLCBkdXJpbmcgYW5hcGhhc2Ugd2hlbiBzaXN0ZXIgY2hyb21hdGlkcyBhcmUgc3BsaXQgYXBhcnQu

Cg==

[Qq]

[q] In anaphase, the sister chromatids

[c]IHNlcGFyYXRlIGZyb2 0gZWFjaCBvdGhlci4=[Qq]

[c]IGNvbmRlbnNlIGFuZCBiZWNvbWUgdGhpY2tlci4=[Qq]

[c]IGpvaW4gdG9nZXRoZXIu[Qq]

[c]IGJlY29tZSBhdHRhY2hlZCB0byBzcGluZGxlIGZpYmVycy4=[Qq]

[f]IEV4YWN0bHkuIER1cmluZyBhbmFwaGFzZSwgc2lzdGVyIGNocm9tYXRpZHMgYXJlIHB1bGxlZCBhcGFydC4=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBDb25kZW5zYXRpb24gb2YgY2hyb21vc29tZXMgaXMgd2hhdCBoYXBwZW5zIGR1cmluZyBwcm9waGFzZS4=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBUaGUgc2lzdGVyIGNocm9tYXRpZHMgYXJlIGpvaW5lZCB0b2dldGhlciBkdXJpbmcgaW50ZXJwaGFzZSwgd2hpY2ggaXMgd2hlbiBETkEgcmVwbGljYXRpb24gb2NjdXJzLg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBUaGUgc3BpbmRsZSBmaWJlcnMgYXR0YWNoIHRvIHRoZSBzaXN0ZXIgY2hyb21hdGlkcyBkdXJpbmcgcHJvcGhhc2Uu

Cg==

[Qq]

[q] When would the cell have two nuclei?

[c]IGludGVycGhhc2U=[Qq]

[c]IHByb3BoYXNl[Qq]

[c]IG1ldGFwaGFzZQ==[Qq]

[c]IGFuYXBoYXNl[Qq]

[c]IHRlbG9w aGFzZQ==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBEdXJpbmcgaW50ZXJwaGFzZSwgdGhlIGNlbGwgaGFzIG9ubHkgb25lIG51Y2xldXMuIENob29zZSBhIGxhdGVyIHBoYXNlIGluIHRoZSBwcm9jZXNzLg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBEdXJpbmcgcHJvcGhhc2UsIHRoZSBjZWxsIGlzIG1hbmlwdWxhdGluZyBpdHMgY2hyb21vc29tZXMgaW4gcHJlcGFyYXRpb24gZm9yIHNlcGFyYXRpbmcgdGhlIHNpc3RlciBjaHJvbWF0aWRzLiBEdXJpbmcgdGhpcyBwaGFzZSwgdGhlcmUgaXMgbm8gbnVjbGV1cy4gQ2hvb3NlIGEgbGF0ZXIgcGhhc2UgaW4gdGhlIHByb2Nlc3Mu[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBEdXJpbmcgbWV0YXBoYXNlLCB0aGUgY2VsbCBpcyBtYW5pcHVsYXRpbmcgaXRzIGNocm9tb3NvbWVzIGluIHByZXBhcmF0aW9uIGZvciBzZXBhcmF0aW5nIHRoZSBzaXN0ZXIgY2hyb21hdGlkcy4gRHVyaW5nIHRoaXMgcGhhc2UsIHRoZXJlIGlzIG5vIG51Y2xldXMuIENob29zZSBhIGxhdGVyIHBoYXNlIGluIHRoZSBwcm9jZXNzLg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBEdXJpbmcgYW5hcGhhc2UsIHRoZSBjZWxsIGlzIHB1bGxpbmcgYXBhcnQgdGhlIHNpc3RlciBjaHJvbWF0aWRzLiBEdXJpbmcgdGhpcyBwaGFzZSwgdGhlcmUgaXMgbm8gbnVjbGV1cy4gQ2hvb3NlIGEgbGF0ZXIgcGhhc2UgaW4gdGhlIHByb2Nlc3Mu[Qq]

[f]IEZhYnVsb3VzISBEdXJpbmcgdGVsb3BoYXNlLCB0d28gbmV3IG51Y2xlaSBoYXZlIGZvcm1lZCBhcm91bmQgZWFjaCBzZXQgb2YgZGF1Z2h0ZXIgY2hyb21vc29tZXMu

Cg==

[Qq]

[q] Cells that result from mitosis have identical:

[c]IEtpbmRzIG9mIHByb3RlaW5z[Qq]

[c]IE51bWJlcnMgb2YgcHJvdGVpbnM=[Qq]

[c]IEdlbmV0aWMgaW 5mb3JtYXRpb24=[Qq]

[c]IE51bWJlcnMgb2YgbWl0b2Nob25kcmlh[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBNaXRvc2lzIHJlc3VsdHMgaW4gZ2VuZXRpY2FsbHkgaWRlbnRpY2FsIGRhdWdodGVyIGNlbGxzLiBIb3dldmVyLCBhcyB0aGUgZGF1Z2h0ZXIgY2VsbHMgZGV2ZWxvcCwgZGlmZmVyZW50IGdlbmVzIGNhbiBiZSBhY3RpdmF0ZWQgb3Igc3VwcHJlc3NlZCwgcmVzdWx0aW5nIGluIHRoZSBwcm9kdWN0aW9uIG9mIGRpZmZlcmVudCBraW5kcyBvZiBwcm90ZWlucy4=[Qq]

[f]IEV4YWN0bHkuIE1pdG9zaXMgcmVzdWx0cyBpbiBnZW5ldGljYWxseSBpZGVudGljYWwgZGF1Z2h0ZXIgY2VsbHMu[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBUaGUgZGl2aWRpbmcgdXAgb2YgbWl0b2Nob25kcmlhIGlzIGEgZmFpcmx5IHJhbmRvbSBhbmQgc3RhdGlzdGljYWwgYWZmYWlyLiBUaGUgbnVtYmVyIG9mIG1pdG9jaG9uZHJpYSBpbiBhIGNlbGwgY2FuIHZhcnkgd2lkZWx5LCBhbmQgaXTigJlzIGhpZ2hseSB1bmxpa2VseSB0aGF0IHRoZSBleGFjdCBudW1iZXIgb2YgbWl0b2Nob25kcmlhIHdpbGwgYmUgZm91bmQgaW4gdGhlIGRhdWdodGVyIGNlbGxzIGFmdGVyIGN5dG9raW5lc2lzLg==

Cg==

[Qq]

[q] In a plant cell, when would the Golgi apparatus send vesicles filled with cellulose to build a new cell wall?

[c]IGN5dG9r aW5lc2lz[Qq]

[c]IHByb3BoYXNl[Qq]

[c]IG1ldGFwaGFzZQ==[Qq]

[c]IGFuYXBoYXNl[Qq]

[c]IHRlbG9waGFzZQ==[Qq]

[f]IENvcnJlY3QuIER1cmluZyBjeXRva2luZXNpcywgYSBwbGFudCBjZWxsIGRpdmlkZXMgaW50byB0d28gYXMgdGhlIEdvbGdpIHNlbmRzIHZlc2ljbGVzIHdpdGggY2VsbHVsb3NlLiBUaGUgdmVzaWNsZXMgcmVsZWFzZSB0aGUgY2VsbHVsb3NlLCB3aGljaCBmb3JtcyBhIGNlbGwgcGxhdGUsIHRoZW4gYSBuZXcgY2VsbCB3YWxsLCBkaXZpZGluZyB0aGUgY2VsbCBpbiB0d28u[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBEdXJpbmcgcHJvcGhhc2UsIHRoZSBjZWxsIGlzIGEgbG9uZyB3YXkgZnJvbSBkaXZpZGluZyBpbnRvIHR3byBkYXVnaHRlciBjZWxscy4gTmV4dCB0aW1lLCBjaG9vc2UgYSBsYXRlciBwaGFzZSBpbiB0aGUgcHJvY2Vzcy4=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBEdXJpbmcgbWV0YXBoYXNlLCB0aGUgY2VsbCBpcyBhYm91dCBpbiB0aGUgbWlkZGxlIG9mIHRoZSBjZWxsIGRpdmlzaW9uIHByb2Nlc3MuIE5leHQgdGltZSwgY2hvb3NlIGEgbGF0ZXIgcGhhc2Uu[Qq]

[f]IE5vLCBidXQgeW914oCZcmUgdmVyeSBjbG9zZS4gRHVyaW5nIHRlbG9waGFzZSwgY2hyb21vc29tZXMgYXJlIGVuY2xvc2VkIGluIG5ldyBudWNsZWkuIFRoZSBkaXZpc2lvbiBpbnRvIHR3byBjZWxscywgd2hpY2ggaW4gcGxhbnRzIGludm9sdmVzIGJ1aWxkaW5nIGEgbmV3IGNlbGwgd2FsbCwgd291bGQgaW1tZWRpYXRlbHkgZm9sbG93IHRoaXMgc3RhZ2Uu

Cg==

[Qq]

[q] The first part of the M phase is called mitosis. What’s the second part called?

[c]IGN5dG9raW 5lc2lzLg==[Qq]

[c]IG1pdG9raW5lc2lzLg==[Qq]

[c]IHJlcGxpY2F0aW9uLg==[Qq]

[c]IGNlbnRyb21lcmUu[Qq]

[f]IFRoYXTigJlzIGNvcnJlY3QuIFRoZSBzZWNvbmQgc3RlcCBvZiBjZWxsIGRpdmlzaW9uIGlzIGN5dG9raW5lc2lzLCB0aGUgc3BsaXR0aW5nIG9mIHRoZSBjZWxsLg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBUaGlzIHNvdW5kcyBsb2dpY2FsIChpbmNsdWRpbmcgYm90aCBtaXRvc2lzIGFuZCB0aGUgbmFtZSBmb3IgY2VsbCBkaXZpc2lvbiksIGJ1dCB0cnkgdG8gcmVtZW1iZXIganVzdCB0aGUgbmFtZSBmb3Igc3BsaXR0aW5nIHRoZSBjZWxsLiBUaGUg4oCYa2luZXNpc+KAmSBwYXJ0LCBieSB0aGUgd2F5LCBpcyBhbiBlbm9ybW91cyBoaW50Lg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBPbiBhbiBvdmVyYWxsIGxldmVsLCB0aGVyZSBpcyByZXBsaWNhdGlvbiwgbWFraW5nIHRoaXMgYSBsb2dpY2FsIGNob2ljZS4gQnV0IHdoYXQgeW914oCZcmUgbG9va2luZyBmb3IgaGVyZSBpcyBhIHdvcmQgdGhhdCByZWZlcnMgdG8gc3BsaXR0aW5nIHRoZSBjZWxsIGludG8gdHdvIGRhdWdodGVyIGNlbGxzLg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBUaGUgY2VudHJvbWVyZSBpcyB0aGUgcmVnaW9uIG9mIGEgY2hyb21vc29tZSB0aGF0IGNvbm5lY3RzIG9uZSBzaXN0ZXIgY2hyb21hdGlkIHRvIGFub3RoZXIgc2lzdGVyIGNocm9tYXRpZC4=

Cg==

[Qq]

[q] The period of cell growth before cell division is

[c]IHJlcGxpY2F0aW9uLg==[Qq]

[c]IHJlcHJvZHVjdGlvbi4=[Qq]

[c]IGFuYXBoYXNlLg==[Qq]

[c]IGludGVy cGhhc2Uu[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBSZXBsaWNhdGlvbiBvZiBETkEgb2NjdXJzIGJlZm9yZSBkaXZpc2lvbiwgYnV0IHRoYXTigJlzIG5vdCB0aGUgbmFtZSBvZiB0aGUgcGhhc2Uu[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBSZXByb2R1Y3Rpb24gaXMgb25seSBvY2N1cnJpbmcgaWYgYSBuZXcgb3JnYW5pc20gaXMgYmVpbmcgY3JlYXRlZC4gT2Z0ZW4sIGNlbGwgZGl2aXNpb24gaXMgc2ltcGx5IGNyZWF0aW5nIG5ldyBjZWxscyBmb3IgYW4gZXhpc3Rpbmcgb3JnYW5pc20u[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBBbmFwaGFzZSBpcyB3aGVuIHNpc3RlciBjaHJvbWF0aWRzIGFyZSBiZWluZyBwdWxsZWQgYXBhcnQuIEl04oCZcyBub3QgYmVmb3JlIGRpdmlzaW9uLiBSYXRoZXIsIGl04oCZcyBhIHBhcnQgb2YgY2VsbCBkaXZpc2lvbi4=[Qq]

[f]IENvcnJlY3QhIEludGVycGhhc2UgaXMgdGhlIHBlcmlvZCBvZiBjZWxsIGdyb3d0aCB0aGF0IHByZWNlZGVzIGNlbGwgZGl2aXNpb24u

Cg==

[Qq]

[q] When does chromosome replication occur in a eukaryotic cell?

[c]IFByb3BoYXNl[Qq]

[c]IE1ldGFwaGFzZQ==[Qq]

[c]IEFuYXBoYXNl[Qq]

[c]IEludGVy cGhhc2U=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBEdXJpbmcgcHJvcGhhc2UsIHlvdSBjYW4gc2VlIHRoYXQgdGhlIGNocm9tb3NvbWVzIGFyZSBhbHJlYWR5IGRvdWJsZWQsIGFuZCBjb25zaXN0IG9mIHR3byBzaXN0ZXIgY2hyb21hdGlkcy4gUGljayBhbiBlYXJsaWVyIHBoYXNlLg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBEdXJpbmcgbWV0YXBoYXNlLCB5b3UgY2FuIHNlZSB0aGF0IHRoZSBjaHJvbW9zb21lcyBhcmUgYWxyZWFkeSBkb3VibGVkLCBhbmQgY29uc2lzdCBvZiB0d28gc2lzdGVyIGNocm9tYXRpZHMuIFBpY2sgYW4gZWFybGllciBwaGFzZS4=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBBbmFwaGFzZSBpcywgaW4gc29tZSB3YXlzLCB0aGUgb3Bwb3NpdGUgb2YgY2hyb21vc29tZSByZXBsaWNhdGlvbiwgYmVjYXVzZSBpdOKAmXMgd2hlbiBjaHJvbW9zb21lcyBnZXQgcHVsbGVkIGFwYXJ0LiBQaWNrIGFuIGVhcmxpZXIgcGhhc2UgaW4gdGhlIHByb2Nlc3Mu[Qq]

[f]IENvcnJlY3QuIEludGVycGhhc2UgaXMgd2hlbiBjaHJvbW9zb21lcyBhcmUgcmVwbGljYXRlZC4=

Cg==

[Qq]

[q] When does the spindle first appear?

[c]IGludGVycGhhc2U=[Qq]

[c]IHByb3 BoYXNl[Qq]

[c]IG1ldGFwaGFzZQ==[Qq]

[c]IGFuYXBoYXNl[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBEdXJpbmcgaW50ZXJwaGFzZSwgdGhlIHNwaW5kbGUgaGFzbuKAmXQgeWV0IGZvcm1lZC4gQ2hvb3NlIGEgbGF0ZXIgc3RlcCBpbiB0aGUgcHJvY2Vzcy4=[Qq]

[f]IEV4YWN0bHkuIER1cmluZyBwcm9waGFzZSwgdGhlIGNlbnRyb3NvbWVzIHN0YXJ0IHRvIHByb2R1Y2UgdGhlIHNwaW5kbGUu[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBEdXJpbmcgbWV0YXBoYXNlLCB0aGUgc3BpbmRsZSBpcyBhdCBpdHMgZnVsbGVzdCBkZXZlbG9wbWVudC4gQnV0IGl0IGZvcm1lZCBlYXJsaWVyIGluIHRoZSBjZWxsIGRpdmlzaW9uIHByb2Nlc3Mu[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBCeSBhbmFwaGFzZSwgdGhlIHNwaW5kbGUgaGFzIGJlZW4gYXJvdW5kIGZvciBhIGxvbmcgdGltZS4gQ2hvb3NlIGFuIGVhcmxpZXIgcGhhc2UgaW4gdGhlIHByb2Nlc3Mu

Cg==

[Qq]

[q] When are the chromosomes lined up in the middle of the cell?

[c]IGludGVycGhhc2U=[Qq]

[c]IGVhcmx5IHByb3BoYXNl[Qq]

[c]IGxhdGUgcHJvcGhhc2UvcHJvbWV0YXBoYXNl[Qq]

[c]IG1ldGFw aGFzZQ==[Qq]

[c]IGFuYXBoYXNl[Qq]

[c]IHRlbG9waGFzZQ==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBEdXJpbmcgaW50ZXJwaGFzZSwgdGhlIGNocm9tb3NvbWVzIGFyZSBzdGlsbCBpbnNpZGUgdGhlIG51Y2xldXMuIFRoZSBsZXR0ZXIg4oCYbeKAmSBpbiB0aGUgd29yZCDigJhtaWRkbGXigJkgaXMgYSBjbHVlIHRvIHRoZSBhbnN3ZXIgdG8gdGhpcyBxdWVzdGlvbi4=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBJbiBlYXJseSBwcm9waGFzZSwgY2hyb21vc29tZXMgaGF2ZSBjb25kZW5zZWQsIGJ1dCB0aGV5IGFyZSBzb21ld2hhdCByYW5kb21seSBhcnJhbmdlZCBpbiB0aGUgbnVjbGV1cy4gVGhlIGxldHRlciDigJht4oCZIGluIHRoZSB3b3JkIOKAmG1pZGRsZeKAmSBpcyBhIGNsdWUgdG8gdGhlIGFuc3dlciB0byB0aGlzIHF1ZXN0aW9uLg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBJbiBsYXRlIHByb3BoYXNlL3Byb21ldGFwaGFzZSwgdGhlIGNocm9tb3NvbWVzIGhhdmUgYmVlbiBob29rZWQgdXAgdG8gc3BpbmRsZSBmaWJlcnMsIGJ1dCB0aGV54oCZcmUgbm90IHlldCBpbiB0aGUgbWlkZGxlIG9mIHRoZSBjZWxsLiBUaGUgbGV0dGVyIOKAmG3igJkgaW4gdGhlIHdvcmQg4oCYbWlkZGxl4oCZIGlzIGEgY2x1ZSB0byB0aGUgYW5zd2VyIHRvIHRoaXMgcXVlc3Rpb24u[Qq]

[f]IEV4Y2VsbGVudC4gVGhpcyBjZWxsIGlzIGluIG1ldGFwaGFzZSwgd2hpY2ggeW91IGNhbiB0ZWxsIGJ5IHRoZSBmYWN0IHRoYXQgdGhlIGNocm9tb3NvbWVzIGFyZSBpbiB0aGUgbWlkZGxlIG9mIHRoZSBjZWxsLg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBJbiBhbmFwaGFzZSwgdGhlIHNpc3RlciBjaHJvbWF0aWRzIGFyZSBiZWluZyBwdWxsZWQgYXBhcnQsIGF3YXkgZnJvbSB0aGUgbWlkZGxlIG9mIHRoZSBjZWxsLiBOZXh0IHRpbWUgeW91IHNlZSB0aGlzIHF1ZXN0aW9uLCByZW1lbWJlciB0aGF0IHRoZSDigJht4oCZIGluIG1pZGRsZSBpcyBhIGNsdWUgdG8gdGhlIG5hbWUgb2YgdGhpcyBwaGFzZS4=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBJbiB0ZWxvcGhhc2UsIHRoZSBjaHJvbW9zb21lcyBhcmUgbm8gbG9uZ2VyIGRpc3RpbmN0bHkgdmlzaWJsZSwgYW5kLCBpbnNpZGUgbmV3IG51Y2xlaSwgdGhleeKAmXZlIG1vdmVkIHRvIG9wcG9zaXRlIGVuZHMgb2YgdGhlIGNlbGwuIE5leHQgdGltZSB5b3Ugc2VlIHRoaXMgcXVlc3Rpb24sIHJlbWVtYmVyIHRoYXQgdGhlIOKAmG3igJkgaW4gbWlkZGxlIGlzIGEgY2x1ZSB0byB0aGUgbmFtZSBvZiB0aGlzIHBoYXNlLg==

Cg==

[Qq]

[q] A region of attachment for two sister chromatids is the:

[c]IENlbnRyb3NvbWU=[Qq]

[c]IENlbnRy b21lcmU=[Qq]

[c]IEFzdGVy[Qq]

[c]IFNwaW5kbGUgZmliZXI=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBUaGUgY2VudHJvc29tZSBwcm9kdWNlcyB0aGUgc3BpbmRsZSBmaWJlcnMgdGhhdCBtYW5pcHVsYXRlIGFuZCBkaXZpZGUgY2hyb21vc29tZXMgZHVyaW5nIG1pdG9zaXMu[Qq]

[f]IFllcy4gVGhlIGNlbnRyb21lcmUgaXMgd2hhdCBjb25uZWN0cyB0aGUgdHdvIHNpc3RlciBjaHJvbWF0aWRzLg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBUaGUgYXN0ZXIgY29uc2lzdHMgb2YgdGhlIHNob3J0IG1pY3JvdHVidWxlcyAocHJvdGVpbiBmaWJlcnMpIHRoYXQgc3Vycm91bmQgZWFjaCBjZW50cm9zb21lLg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBUaGUgc3BpbmRsZSBmaWJlcnMgYXJlIHRoZSDigJhyb3Blc+KAmSB0aGF0IHRoZSBjZWxsIHVzZXMgdG8gcHVsbCBzaXN0ZXIgY2hyb21hdGlkcyBhcGFydC4=

Cg==

[Qq]

[q] Microtubules become attached to each chromatid at its:

[c]IENlbnRyb3NvbWU=[Qq]

[c]IENlbnRyb21lcmU=[Qq]

[c]IEFzdGVy[Qq]

[c]IEtpbmV0 b2Nob3Jl[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBUaGUgY2VudHJvc29tZSBwcm9kdWNlcyB0aGUgbWljcm90dWJ1bGUgc3BpbmRsZSBmaWJlcnMgdGhhdCBhdHRhY2ggdG8gdGhlIGNocm9tYXRpZHMu[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBUaGUgY2VudHJvbWVyZSBpcyB3aGF0IGhvbGRzIHRvZ2V0aGVyIHRoZSBzaXN0ZXIgY2hyb21hdGlkcy4=[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBUaGUgYXN0ZXIgaXMgYW4gYXJyYXkgb2YgbWljcm90dWJ1bGVzIHRoYXQgcmFkaWF0ZXMgb3V0IGZyb20gdGhlIGNlbnRyb3NvbWUu[Qq]

[f]IFJpZ2h0LiBUaGUga2luZXRvY2hvcmUgaXMgJiM4MjIwO2xpa2UgYSBoYW5kbGUgdGhhdCB0aGUgZmliZXJzIGNhbiBncmFzcCwgYXMgdGhleSBwdWxsIGFwYXJ0IHRoZSBjaHJvbW9zb21lcywgc3BsaXR0aW5nIHRoZW0gaW4gaGFsZiYjODIyMTsgKGEgcXVvdGUgZnJvbSB0aGUg4oCYTWl0b3NpcyBSYXAh4oCZKS4=

Cg==

[Qq]

[q] When do sister chromatids first become full-fledged chromosomes?

[c]IGN5dG9raW5lc2lz[Qq]

[c]IHByb3BoYXNl[Qq]

[c]IG1ldGFwaGFzZQ==[Qq]

[c]IGFuYX BoYXNl[Qq]

[c]IHRlbG9waGFzZQ==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBEdXJpbmcgY3l0b2tpbmVzaXMsIHRoZSBjaHJvbW9zb21lcyBhcmUgZnVsbC1mbGVkZ2VkIGNocm9tb3NvbWVzLCBidXQgdGhleSBncmFkdWF0ZWQgZnJvbSBiZWluZyBzaXN0ZXIgY2hyb21hdGlkcyBlYXJsaWVyIGluIHRoZSBwcm9jZXNzLg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBEdXJpbmcgcHJvcGhhc2UsIGVhY2ggY2hyb21vc29tZSBpcyBkb3VibGVkIGFuZCBjb25zaXN0cyBvZiB0d28gc2lzdGVyIGNocm9tYXRpZHMgdGhhdCBhcmUgYXR0YWNoZWQgYnkgYSBjZW50cm9tZXJlLiBOZXh0IHRpbWUsIGNob29zZSBhIGxhdGVyIHN0YWdlIGluIHRoZSBwcm9jZXNzLg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBEdXJpbmcgbWV0YXBoYXNlLCBlYWNoIGNocm9tb3NvbWUgaXMgZG91YmxlZCBhbmQgY29uc2lzdHMgb2YgdHdvIHNpc3RlciBjaHJvbWF0aWRzIHRoYXQgYXJlIGF0dGFjaGVkIGJ5IGEgY2VudHJvbWVyZS4gTmV4dCB0aW1lLCBjaG9vc2UgYSBsYXRlciBzdGFnZSBpbiB0aGUgcHJvY2Vzcy4=[Qq]

[f]IE5pY2UuIEl04oCZcyBkdXJpbmcgYW5hcGhhc2UgdGhhdCB0aGUgc2lzdGVyIGNocm9tYXRpZHMgYXJlIHB1bGxlZCBhcGFydCwgYW5kIGJlY29tZSBmdWxsLWZsZWRnZWQgY2hyb21vc29tZXMu[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBEdXJpbmcgdGVsb3BoYXNlLCB0aGUgY2hyb21vc29tZXMgYXJlIGZ1bGwtZmxlZGdlZCBjaHJvbW9zb21lcywgYnV0IHRoZXkgZ3JhZHVhdGVkIGZyb20gYmVpbmcgc2lzdGVyIGNocm9tYXRpZHMgZWFybGllciBpbiB0aGUgcHJvY2Vzcy4=

Cg==

[Qq]

[q] Which of the following does not occur during prophase?

[c]IFRoZSBudWNsZWFyIG1lbWJyYW5lIGRpc2ludGVncmF0ZXM=[Qq]

[c]IE51Y2xlb2xpIGJyZWFrIHVw[Qq]

[c]IFRoZSBzcGluZGxlIGFwcGFyYXR1cyBmb3Jtcw==[Qq]

[c]IFRoZSBjaHJvbW9zb21lcyBjb25kZW5zZQ==[Qq]

[c]IEROQSByZX BsaWNhdGVz[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBOb3RlIHRoYXQgd2hhdCB5b3XigJlyZSBsb29raW5nIGZvciBpcyBzb21ldGhpbmcgdGhhdCBET0VTIE5PVCBoYXBwZW4gZHVyaW5nIHByb3BoYXNlLiBOdWNsZWFyIG1lbWJyYW5lIGRpc2ludGVncmF0aW9uIGRvZXMgb2NjdXIu[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiDigJhOdWNsZW9saeKAmSBpcyBwbHVyYWwgZm9yIOKAmG51Y2xlb2x1cy7igJkgTm90ZSB0aGF0IHdoYXQgeW914oCZcmUgbG9va2luZyBmb3IgaXMgc29tZXRoaW5nIHRoYXQgRE9FUyBOT1QgaGFwcGVuIGR1cmluZyBwcm9waGFzZS4gQnJlYWsgdXAgb2YgdGhlIG51Y2xlb2x1cyBkb2VzIG9jY3VyLg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBOb3RlIHRoYXQgd2hhdCB5b3XigJlyZSBsb29raW5nIGZvciBpcyBzb21ldGhpbmcgdGhhdCBET0VTIE5PVCBoYXBwZW4gZHVyaW5nIHByb3BoYXNlLiBTcGluZGxlIGZvcm1hdGlvbiBieSB0aGUgY2VudHJvc29tZXMgaXMgYSBrZXkgZXZlbnQgb2YgcHJvcGhhc2Uu[Qq]

[f]IE5vLiBOb3RlIHRoYXQgd2hhdCB5b3XigJlyZSBsb29raW5nIGZvciBpcyBzb21ldGhpbmcgdGhhdCBET0VTIE5PVCBoYXBwZW4gZHVyaW5nIHByb3BoYXNlLiBUaGUgY2hyb21vc29tZXMgZG8gY29uZGVuc2UgZHVyaW5nIHByb3BoYXNlLg==[Qq]

[f]IEV4Y2VsbGVudC4gT2YgdGhlIGl0ZW1zIGxpc3RlZCBoZXJlLCB0aGUgb25seSBvbmUgdGhhdCBkb2VzbuKAmXQgaGFwcGVuIGlzIEROQSByZXBsaWNhdGlvbi4gRE5BIHJlcGxpY2F0aW9uIG9jY3VycyBkdXJpbmcgaW50ZXJwaGFzZQ==[Qq]

[x]

If you want to take this quiz again, click the button below

[restart]

[/qwiz]

What’s Next?

Please proceed to the next tutorial, Cell Cycle Regulation and Cancer

1. Watch this video

2. Study this summary

Big Picture: What Does Mitosis Do?

The Cell Cycle

A few Key Terms

Phases of Mitosis

The Importance of the G0 Phase

3. Master these flashcards

4. Tackle these quizzes

4.1. Mitosis: Basic Concepts

4.2. The Cell Cycle

4.3: Mechanisms of Mitosis

4.4. Phases of Mitosis

What’s Next?

The Importance of the G₀ Phase